- Alzheimer disease
- most common neurocognitive disorders; affects the brain by causing atrophy in the cortex and deposits of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the neurons, which cause degeneration of the neurons
- delirium
- mental state in which the client becomes temporarily confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly
- dementia
- older term to describe major neurodegenerative brain disorders that cause changes in a person’s cognition
- frontotemporal degeneration
- affects nerve cells in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, most common form in younger people
- Huntington disease
- genetic mutation that causes both physical and cognitive declines; the disease attacks the neurons in the brain, causing them to die
- Lewy body dementia
- involves Lewy bodies, insoluble deposits of alpha-synuclei protein that damage the brain
- major neurocognitive disorder
- group of disorders that can affect younger and older individuals’ cognition with a gradual decline in at least one of the following domains of cognition: executive function, complex attention, language, learning, memory, perceptual-motor, or social cognition
- mild neurocognitive disorder (MiND)
- diminishment in an individual’s cognition, attention, memory, learning, and/or social and motor skills that is greater than expected from the regular aging process but that does not cause the individual to be unable to function on their own
- neurocognitive disorder
- brain function disorders that mark gradual or sudden diminishment in cognition, attention, memory, learning, social, and/or motor skills and often affect the ability to perform activities of daily living
- Parkinson disease
- similar to Lewy body dementia, involving Lewy bodies, insoluble deposits of alpha-synuclei protein that damage the brain
- Prion disease (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
- very rare dementia that progresses rapidly and leads to death within one year
- vascular dementia
- stem from injuries to the brain caused by ischemia, such as a stroke, that block blood flow to the brain and lead to permanent neuron death