- adaptive functioning
- person’s ability to conduct their activities of daily living through communication and independent living
- Asperger syndrome
- disorder that has been reclassified as under ASD and has no requirement for onset by age three or language delay, and no criteria for communication or cognitive deficit
- attention-deficit disorder (ADD)
- disorder involving distractibility and difficulties with mental focus and working memory
- attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood that involves difficulty paying attention, difficulty controlling impulsive behaviors, or excessive activity
- autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- developmental disorder of the brain that causes impairment in behavior, communication, interaction with others, and learning
- child-onset fluency disorder
- chronic stuttering that persists into adulthood
- childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)
- rare, severe form of autism with a late onset
- communication disorder
- persistent difficulty with language and/or speech
- conceptual domain
- includes a person’s abilities in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory
- conduct disorder (CD)
- diagnosed when a child shows an ongoing pattern of aggression toward others with serious violations of rules and social norms at home, at school, and with peers
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
- disorder in which children experience chronic, intense angry outbursts
- Down syndrome
- intellectual disability where a baby is born with an extra chromosome 21
- dyscalculia
- difficulty with calculation and completion of arithmetic problems
- dysgraphia
- having distorted writing even with instruction and intact motor ability
- dyslexia
- most common learning disability, affects a person’s ability to read as it causes problems with phonological processing
- emotional dysregulation
- inability to control emotions, can result in mood swings, angry outbursts, and losing temper
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- most serious of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and often features problems with the central nervous system, facial features, growth, learning disabilities, vision or hearing problems, and difficulty in school
- Fragile X syndrome
- genetic disorder that involves the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene responsible for producing a protein that helps brain development
- impulsive
- describes the behavior associated with ADHD that involves interrupting others, grabbing things from other people, or speaking at inappropriate times
- inattentive
- describes the behavior associated with ADHD that involves difficulty for individual to organize or finish a task, pay attention to details, or follow instructions or conversations
- intellectual developmental disorder
- child is not meeting age-appropriate developmental guidelines for speech, language, socialization, motor skills, and behavior
- intellectual disability
- preferred term for intellectual functioning that falls below an IQ of 70 and starts before age eighteen
- intellectual functioning
- way a person learns and problem-solves
- language disorder
- difficulty learning spoken, written, or signed language
- learning disorder
- occurs when a person has a difficult time in an area of learning, but it is not related to motivation or IQ level, emotional problems, cultural differences, or level of disadvantage
- motor disorders
- group of disorders that begin in the developmental years and cause delays in children reaching motor milestones
- oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- behavioral condition in which the child has symptoms of being uncooperative, defiant, and may be hostile toward people in authority
- pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
- disorder reclassified as under ASD and was formerly used when the child did not meet all the criteria for autism
- practical domain
- considers the individual’s ability to act independently in their personal care, job role, school and work tasks, and money management
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- abnormality in the fifteenth chromosome that results in a neurobiological disorder that affects metabolism and behavior
- repetitive and stereotyped behaviors
- unusual behaviors, such as hand flapping, body rocking, repeating words, and placing toys in the same order
- Rett syndrome
- disorder that affects mostly girls and often displays symptoms that are similar to autism
- social communication disorder
- disorder in which a person has difficulty using verbal and nonverbal communication within a social situation
- social domain
- considers the individual’s ability to make friends and have relationships with others
- speech sound disorder
- inability to articulate words or sounds in order to communicate with others
- tic disorder
- disorder that causes a person to uncontrollably twitch, move, or make sounds
- Tourette syndrome
- disorder that is diagnosed with the presence of two or more motor tics and at least one vocal tic that have lasted for at least a year, began before age eighteen, and are not due to another medical condition