- acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
- relies on positive reinforcement and counterconditioning
- behavior therapy
- method to change the person’s responses to the environment, usually with reward systems
- chlorpromazine
- also known as Thorazine, a strong antipsychotic medication, first generation
- cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- used to change the way a person feels or perceives an experience and therefore behaves
- cognitive development
- dynamic process with primitive awareness and recognition to a more complex manner of thinking
- consciousness
- aware of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, surroundings, the part of the mind comprising psychic material of which the individual is aware
- countertransference
- unconscious feeling the health-care worker has toward the client
- defense mechanism
- thought, words, or behavior prompted by the unconscious mind; can reduce anxiety in the short-term; may result in ineffective coping if used longer term
- dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
- focuses on problem-solving skills and the ability to find and seek acceptance by regulating negative emotions and tolerating stressors
- ego
- part of the psychic apparatus that experiences and reacts to the outside world and thus mediates between the primitive drives of the id and the demands of the social and physical environment
- empathy
- helps nurses to place themselves in the client’s shoes, through compassion, understanding, and identification
- family behavioral therapy (FBT)
- type of group therapy where all the participants of the group are related
- group therapy
- addresses interaction pattern problems while also providing disorder-specific support within a group of strangers who have similar challenges
- guided imagery
- alternate narration the mind can focus on during an unpleasant experience
- holistic health
- clinical approach that considers the client’s physical and emotional well-being, the whole person, and how they interact with their environment
- humanistic theory
- places the person at the center of mental health care where they are supported to identify personal strengths and discover their own perspectives
- id
- part of the mind that is the most primitive, it drives the instincts, reflexes, and needs
- interpersonal process
- where the nurse and client communicate to develop an understanding of their roles and responsibilities in the therapeutic relationship
- milieu
- therapeutic, controlled, and supportive environment that provides safety and structure while one seeks treatment and works on changing negative behavior
- mindfulness
- state of awareness, achieved through personal focus, being present and through meditation
- mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
- behavioral therapy that is combined with meditation
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
- mental training used to alter how pain is processed within the central nervous system, thereby diminishing or reducing one’s perception of pain
- moral development
- provides a framework for understanding the progression through which a child develops in terms of learning right and wrong
- nurse-client relationship
- pre-orientation, orientation, working, and mutual termination phases where the nurse and client move through these phases in an interwoven manner over time
- preconscious
- part of the mind where thoughts and feelings are available to the conscious mind though not currently being applied
- psychopharmacology
- using chemicals to regulate brain chemistry to assist the client with mental health disorders
- psychosexual stages of development
- proposes that childhood experiences shape the adult personality and can underlie mental health problems
- psychosurgery
- neurosurgery intended to alter psychological responses
- rapport
- process where the nurse creates an atmosphere of safety, trust, and understanding
- reality testing
- when thoughts and emotions can be objectively evaluated by the person
- self-actualization
- realization of full potential or inner fulfillment considered as a drive or need present in everyone
- significant other
- main person, or a parent, from which humans have their first interpersonal interaction
- social determinants of health (SDOH)
- conditions of the environments where people live or work, which represent the nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes
- superego
- part of the personality representing the conscience, formed in early life by internalization of the standards of parents and other models of behavior
- theory of object relations
- how a person relates to the world is dependent upon their past relationships, specifically with the significant person
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- brain stimulation therapy targeting specific brain areas
- transference
- unconscious feeling the client has toward another or the health-care worker that is originally based on a past experience with an important person in their life
- unconsciousness
- repressed memories, thoughts, and unacceptable feelings a person may have