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University Physics Volume 3

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University Physics Volume 3Index
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  1. Preface
  2. Unit 1. Optics
    1. 1 The Nature of Light
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 The Propagation of Light
      3. 1.2 The Law of Reflection
      4. 1.3 Refraction
      5. 1.4 Total Internal Reflection
      6. 1.5 Dispersion
      7. 1.6 Huygens’s Principle
      8. 1.7 Polarization
      9. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
    2. 2 Geometric Optics and Image Formation
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
      3. 2.2 Spherical Mirrors
      4. 2.3 Images Formed by Refraction
      5. 2.4 Thin Lenses
      6. 2.5 The Eye
      7. 2.6 The Camera
      8. 2.7 The Simple Magnifier
      9. 2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
      10. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
    3. 3 Interference
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
      3. 3.2 Mathematics of Interference
      4. 3.3 Multiple-Slit Interference
      5. 3.4 Interference in Thin Films
      6. 3.5 The Michelson Interferometer
      7. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
    4. 4 Diffraction
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 Single-Slit Diffraction
      3. 4.2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction
      4. 4.3 Double-Slit Diffraction
      5. 4.4 Diffraction Gratings
      6. 4.5 Circular Apertures and Resolution
      7. 4.6 X-Ray Diffraction
      8. 4.7 Holography
      9. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
  3. Unit 2. Modern Physics
    1. 5 Relativity
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
      3. 5.2 Relativity of Simultaneity
      4. 5.3 Time Dilation
      5. 5.4 Length Contraction
      6. 5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
      7. 5.6 Relativistic Velocity Transformation
      8. 5.7 Doppler Effect for Light
      9. 5.8 Relativistic Momentum
      10. 5.9 Relativistic Energy
      11. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
    2. 6 Photons and Matter Waves
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Blackbody Radiation
      3. 6.2 Photoelectric Effect
      4. 6.3 The Compton Effect
      5. 6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
      6. 6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
      7. 6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
      8. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
    3. 7 Quantum Mechanics
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Wave Functions
      3. 7.2 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
      4. 7.3 The Schrӧdinger Equation
      5. 7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
      6. 7.5 The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
      7. 7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
      8. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
    4. 8 Atomic Structure
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
      3. 8.2 Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
      4. 8.3 Electron Spin
      5. 8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
      6. 8.5 Atomic Spectra and X-rays
      7. 8.6 Lasers
      8. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
    5. 9 Condensed Matter Physics
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
      3. 9.2 Molecular Spectra
      4. 9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
      5. 9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
      6. 9.5 Band Theory of Solids
      7. 9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
      8. 9.7 Semiconductor Devices
      9. 9.8 Superconductivity
      10. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
    6. 10 Nuclear Physics
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Properties of Nuclei
      3. 10.2 Nuclear Binding Energy
      4. 10.3 Radioactive Decay
      5. 10.4 Nuclear Reactions
      6. 10.5 Fission
      7. 10.6 Nuclear Fusion
      8. 10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
      9. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
    7. 11 Particle Physics and Cosmology
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
      3. 11.2 Particle Conservation Laws
      4. 11.3 Quarks
      5. 11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
      6. 11.5 The Standard Model
      7. 11.6 The Big Bang
      8. 11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
      9. Chapter Review
        1. Key Terms
        2. Key Equations
        3. Summary
        4. Conceptual Questions
        5. Problems
        6. Additional Problems
        7. Challenge Problems
  4. A | Units
  5. B | Conversion Factors
  6. C | Fundamental Constants
  7. D | Astronomical Data
  8. E | Mathematical Formulas
  9. F | Chemistry
  10. G | The Greek Alphabet
  11. Answer Key
    1. Chapter 1
    2. Chapter 2
    3. Chapter 3
    4. Chapter 4
    5. Chapter 5
    6. Chapter 6
    7. Chapter 7
    8. Chapter 8
    9. Chapter 9
    10. Chapter 10
    11. Chapter 11
  12. Index
Symbols
αα-particles6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
αα-rays6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
β-ray6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
γ-rays6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
A
aberration2.2 Spherical Mirrors
absorber6.1 Blackbody Radiation
absorption spectrum6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
acceptor impurity9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
accommodation2.5 The Eye
activity10.3 Radioactive Decay
Albert EinsteinIntroduction
ALICE detector11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
alpha (αα) rays10.4 Nuclear Reactions
alpha decay10.4 Nuclear Reactions
amorphous solids9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
amplifier9.7 Semiconductor Devices
angular magnification2.7 The Simple Magnifier
angular momentum orbital quantum number8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
angular momentum projection quantum number8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
anti-symmetric function7.1 Wave Functions
antielectrons10.4 Nuclear Reactions
antineutrino10.4 Nuclear Reactions
antiparticle11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
aperture4.5 Circular Apertures and Resolution
apparent depth2.3 Images Formed by Refraction
atomic bomb10.5 Fission
atomic mass10.1 Properties of Nuclei
atomic mass unit10.1 Properties of Nuclei
atomic nucleus10.1 Properties of Nuclei
atomic number10.1 Properties of Nuclei
atomic orbital8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
B
Balmer6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Balmer formula6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Balmer series6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Bardeen9.8 Superconductivity
baryon number11.2 Particle Conservation Laws
baryons11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
base current9.7 Semiconductor Devices
BCS theory9.8 Superconductivity
Becquerel10.3 Radioactive Decay
becquerels10.3 Radioactive Decay
beta (ββ) rays10.4 Nuclear Reactions
beta decay10.4 Nuclear Reactions
Betelgeuse6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Bethe10.6 Nuclear Fusion
Big Bang11.6 The Big Bang
binding energy (BE)10.2 Nuclear Binding Energy
binding energy per nucleon (BEN)10.2 Nuclear Binding Energy
birefringent1.7 Polarization
blackbody6.1 Blackbody Radiation
blackbody radiation6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Blu-Ray player8.6 Lasers
body-centered cubic (BCC)9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
Bohr6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom, 10.5 Fission
Bohr magneton8.2 Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
Bohr model8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
Bohr radius of hydrogen6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
bond length9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
Born interpretation7.1 Wave Functions
boson11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
Brackett series6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Bragg4.6 X-Ray Diffraction, 6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves, 6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
Bragg planes4.6 X-Ray Diffraction
braking radiation8.5 Atomic Spectra and X-rays
breakdown voltage9.7 Semiconductor Devices
breeder reactor10.5 Fission
Brewster’s angle1.7 Polarization
Brewster’s law1.7 Polarization
C
Cameras2.6 The Camera
carbon-14 dating10.3 Radioactive Decay
Cassegrain design2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
CD player8.6 Lasers
Chadwick6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
chain reaction10.5 Fission
charge-coupled device (CCD)2.6 The Camera
chart of the nuclides10.1 Properties of Nuclei
chemical group8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
chromatic aberrations2.4 Thin Lenses
cladding1.4 Total Internal Reflection
classical (Galilean) velocity addition5.6 Relativistic Velocity Transformation
coherent waves3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
collector current9.7 Semiconductor Devices
color11.3 Quarks
coma2.2 Spherical Mirrors
complex function7.1 Wave Functions
compound microscope2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
Compton6.3 The Compton Effect
Compton effect6.3 The Compton Effect
Compton shift6.3 The Compton Effect
Compton wavelength6.3 The Compton Effect
concave2.4 Thin Lenses
concave mirror2.2 Spherical Mirrors
conduction band9.5 Band Theory of Solids
constructive interference3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
converging lens2.4 Thin Lenses
convex2.4 Thin Lenses
convex mirror2.2 Spherical Mirrors
Cooper9.8 Superconductivity
Cooper pair9.8 Superconductivity
Copenhagen interpretation7.1 Wave Functions
cornea2.5 The Eye
Cornell Electron Storage Ring11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
corner reflector1.2 The Law of Reflection
correspondence principle7.1 Wave Functions, 7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
cosmic microwave background radiation11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
cosmological principle11.6 The Big Bang
cosmology11.6 The Big Bang
covalent bond8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table, 9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
critical angle1.4 Total Internal Reflection
critical magnetic field9.8 Superconductivity
critical mass10.5 Fission
critical temperature9.8 Superconductivity
criticality10.5 Fission
curie (Ci)10.3 Radioactive Decay
curved mirror2.2 Spherical Mirrors
cut-off frequency6.2 Photoelectric Effect
cut-off wavelength6.2 Photoelectric Effect
cyclotron11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
D
dark energy11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
dark matter11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
daughter nucleus10.4 Nuclear Reactions
Davisson6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
Davisson–Germer experiment6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
de Broglie6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
de Broglie wave6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
decay10.3 Radioactive Decay
decay constant10.3 Radioactive Decay
decay series10.4 Nuclear Reactions
density of states9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
depletion layer9.7 Semiconductor Devices
destructive interference3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
destructive interference for a single slit4.1 Single-Slit Diffraction
deuterium10.1 Properties of Nuclei
diamonds1.4 Total Internal Reflection
diffraction4.1 Single-Slit Diffraction
diffraction grating4.4 Diffraction Gratings
diffraction limit4.5 Circular Apertures and Resolution
Diffused light1.2 The Law of Reflection
diopters2.5 The Eye
Dirac6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
direction of polarization1.7 Polarization
dissociation energy9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds, 9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
diverging lens2.4 Thin Lenses
DNA4.6 X-Ray Diffraction
donor impurity9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
doping9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
double-slit interference experiment6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
drift velocity9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
E
Einstein6.2 Photoelectric Effect
electric dipole transition9.2 Molecular Spectra
electron affinity9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
electron configuration8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
electron microscopy6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
electron number density9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
electroweak force11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
emission spectrum6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
emitter6.1 Blackbody Radiation
endoscope1.4 Total Internal Reflection
energy band9.5 Band Theory of Solids
energy gap9.5 Band Theory of Solids
energy levels7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
energy of a photon6.2 Photoelectric Effect
energy quantum number7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
energy spectrum of hydrogen6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
energy-time uncertainty principle7.2 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
equilibrium separation distance9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
even function7.1 Wave Functions
event5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
exchange symmetry9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds, 11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
excited energy states of a hydrogen atom6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
expectation value7.1 Wave Functions
eyepiece2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes, 2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
F
face-centered cubic (FCC)9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
far point2.5 The Eye
Farsightedness2.5 The Eye
Fermi10.5 Fission, 10.5 Fission
Fermi energy9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
Fermi factor9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
Fermi temperature9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
fermion11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
Feynman11.5 The Standard Model
Feynman diagram11.5 The Standard Model
Fiber optics1.4 Total Internal Reflection
field emission7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
fine structure8.3 Electron Spin
first focus2.3 Images Formed by Refraction
first postulate5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
fission10.5 Fission
Fizeau1.1 The Propagation of Light
Fluorescence8.5 Atomic Spectra and X-rays
focal length2.2 Spherical Mirrors
focal plane2.4 Thin Lenses
focal point2.2 Spherical Mirrors
forward bias configuration9.7 Semiconductor Devices
Foucault1.1 The Propagation of Light
Fraunhofer6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Fraunhofer lines6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
free electron model9.4 Free Electron Model of Metals
FresnelIntroduction
fringes3.2 Mathematics of Interference
fundamental force11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
G
Gabor4.7 Holography
Galilean relativity5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
Galilean transformation5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
Galileo2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
gamma (γγ) rays10.4 Nuclear Reactions
gamma decay10.4 Nuclear Reactions
Gamow7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
Gell-Mann11.3 Quarks
geometric optics1.1 The Propagation of Light
Germer6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
gluon11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
grand unified theory11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
ground state8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
ground state energy7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
ground state energy of the hydrogen atom6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
group velocity6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
H
hadron11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
Hahn10.5 Fission
half-life10.3 Radioactive Decay
Heisenberg6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
Heisenberg uncertainty principle6.6 Wave-Particle Duality, 10.4 Nuclear Reactions
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle7.2 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Hermite polynomial7.5 The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
high bandwidth1.4 Total Internal Reflection
high dose10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
hole9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
hologram4.7 Holography
holography4.7 Holography
horizontally polarized1.7 Polarization
Hubble Space Telescope4.5 Circular Apertures and Resolution
Hubble telescope2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
Hubble’s constant11.6 The Big Bang
Hubble’s law11.6 The Big Bang
Humphreys series6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Hund7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
Huygens3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
Huygens’s principle1.6 Huygens’s Principle, 4.1 Single-Slit Diffraction
hybridization9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
Hydrogen-like ions6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
hyperfine structure8.3 Electron Spin
hyperopia2.5 The Eye
I
image distance2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
image focus2.3 Images Formed by Refraction
imaginary number7.3 The Schrӧdinger Equation
impurity atom9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
impurity band9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
incoherent3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
index of refraction1.1 The Propagation of Light
inelastic scattering6.3 The Compton Effect
inertial frame of reference5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
infinite square well7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
interference fringes3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
interferometer3.5 The Michelson Interferometer
ionic bond8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table, 9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
ionization energy6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
ionization limit of the hydrogen atom6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
iridescence4.4 Diffraction Gratings
isotopes10.1 Properties of Nuclei
J
junction transistor9.7 Semiconductor Devices
K
Keck telescope2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
L
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
laser8.6 Lasers
lattice9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
law of reflection1.2 The Law of Reflection
law of refraction1.3 Refraction
Length contraction5.4 Length Contraction
lens maker’s equation2.4 Thin Lenses
lepton11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
lepton number11.2 Particle Conservation Laws
lifetime10.3 Radioactive Decay
light cone5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
linear accelerator11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
linear magnification2.2 Spherical Mirrors
liquid crystal displays (LCDs)1.7 Polarization
liquid drop model10.5 Fission
Lorentz factor5.3 Time Dilation
Lorentz transformation5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
low dose10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
Lyman series6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
M
Madelung constant9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
magnetic orbital quantum number8.2 Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
magnetogram8.2 Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
magnification2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
magnifying glass2.7 The Simple Magnifier
majority carrier9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
Malus’s law1.7 Polarization
mass defect10.2 Nuclear Binding Energy
mass number10.1 Properties of Nuclei
Maxwell's equationsIntroduction
mesons11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
metallic bonding9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
metastable state8.6 Lasers
Michelson1.1 The Propagation of Light, 3.5 The Michelson Interferometer
Michelson-Morley experiment5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
minority carrier9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
mirror equation2.2 Spherical Mirrors
missing order4.3 Double-Slit Diffraction
moderate dose10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
momentum operator7.1 Wave Functions
monochromatic3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference, 8.6 Lasers
Moseley plot8.5 Atomic Spectra and X-rays
Moseley’s law8.5 Atomic Spectra and X-rays
muons5.3 Time Dilation
myopia2.5 The Eye
N
n-type semiconductor9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
nanotechnology7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
near point2.5 The Eye
Nearsightedness2.5 The Eye
net magnification2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
neutrino10.4 Nuclear Reactions
neutron number10.1 Properties of Nuclei
neutrons10.1 Properties of Nuclei
Newton2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
Newton’s rings3.4 Interference in Thin Films
Newtonian design2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
Newtonian mechanicsIntroduction
nonreflective coatings3.4 Interference in Thin Films
normalization8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
normalization condition7.1 Wave Functions
nuclear fusion10.6 Nuclear Fusion
nuclear fusion reactor10.6 Nuclear Fusion
nuclear model of the atom6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
nuclear reactor10.5 Fission
nucleons10.1 Properties of Nuclei
nucleosynthesis10.6 Nuclear Fusion, 11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
nuclide10.1 Properties of Nuclei
O
object distance2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
object focus2.3 Images Formed by Refraction
objective2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes, 2.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
odd function7.1 Wave Functions
optical axis2.2 Spherical Mirrors
optical power2.5 The Eye
Optical stress analysis1.7 Polarization
optically active1.7 Polarization
orbital magnetic dipole moment8.2 Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
order3.2 Mathematics of Interference
P
p-n junction9.7 Semiconductor Devices
p-type semiconductor9.6 Semiconductors and Doping
parent nucleus10.4 Nuclear Reactions
particle accelerator11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
particle detector11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
Paschen series6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Pauli’s exclusion principle8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table, 11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
Penzias11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
periodic table8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
Pfund series6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
phasor diagram4.2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction
photocurrent6.2 Photoelectric Effect
photoelectric effect6.2 Photoelectric Effect
photoelectrode6.2 Photoelectric Effect
photoelectrons6.2 Photoelectric Effect
photon6.2 Photoelectric Effect
Planck6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Planck’s constant6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Planck’s hypothesis of energy quanta6.1 Blackbody Radiation
plane mirror2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
Poisson’s spotIntroduction
polarized1.7 Polarization
polyatomic molecule9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
population inversion8.6 Lasers
position operator7.1 Wave Functions
positron11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
positron emission tomography (PET)10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
positrons10.4 Nuclear Reactions
postulates of Bohr’s model6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
potential barrier7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
power intensity6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Pozzi6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
principal maxima3.3 Multiple-Slit Interference
principal quantum number7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box, 8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
principal rays2.2 Spherical Mirrors
probability density7.1 Wave Functions
propagation vector6.3 The Compton Effect
Proper length5.4 Length Contraction
proper time5.3 Time Dilation
proton-proton chain10.6 Nuclear Fusion
protons10.1 Properties of Nuclei
Q
Q value10.6 Nuclear Fusion
quantized energies6.1 Blackbody Radiation
quantum chromodynamics (QCD)11.5 The Standard Model
quantum dot7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
quantum electrodynamics (QED)11.5 The Standard Model
quantum number6.1 Blackbody Radiation, 6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
quantum phenomenon6.2 Photoelectric Effect
quantum state of a Planck oscillator6.1 Blackbody Radiation
quantum tunneling7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
quark11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
qubit7.1 Wave Functions
R
rad10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
radial probability density function8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
radiation dose unit10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
radioactive dating10.3 Radioactive Decay
radioactive decay7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
radioactive decay law10.3 Radioactive Decay
radioactive tags10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
radioactivity10.3 Radioactive Decay
radiopharmaceutical10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
radius of a nucleus10.1 Properties of Nuclei
rainbow1.5 Dispersion
ray1.1 The Propagation of Light
ray model of light1.1 The Propagation of Light
ray tracing2.2 Spherical Mirrors, 2.4 Thin Lenses
Rayleigh criterion4.5 Circular Apertures and Resolution
Rayleigh–Jeans law6.1 Blackbody Radiation
real image2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
redshift11.6 The Big Bang
reduced Planck’s constant6.3 The Compton Effect
refraction1.3 Refraction
relative biological effectiveness10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
Relativistic kinetic energy5.9 Relativistic Energy
Relativistic momentum5.8 Relativistic Momentum
relativistic velocity addition5.6 Relativistic Velocity Transformation
repulsion constant9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
resolution4.5 Circular Apertures and Resolution
resonant tunneling7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
resonant-tunneling diode7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
Rest energy5.9 Relativistic Energy
rest frame5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
rest mass5.8 Relativistic Momentum
retina2.5 The Eye
reverse bias configuration9.7 Semiconductor Devices
Rigel6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Roemer1.1 The Propagation of Light
roentgen equivalent man (rem)10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
rotational energy level9.2 Molecular Spectra
Ruska6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
Rutherford6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Rutherford gold foil experiment6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Rydberg constant for hydrogen6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Rydberg formula6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
S
scanning electron microscope (SEM)6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
scanning tunneling microscope (STM)7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
scattering angle6.3 The Compton Effect
Schrieffer9.8 Superconductivity
Schrödinger6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
Schrödinger’s cat7.1 Wave Functions
Schrödinger’s equation8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
Schrӧdinger’s time-dependent equation7.3 The Schrӧdinger Equation
Schrӧdinger’s time-independent equation7.3 The Schrӧdinger Equation
second focus2.3 Images Formed by Refraction
second postulate of special relativity5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
secondary maximum3.3 Multiple-Slit Interference
selection rule9.2 Molecular Spectra
selection rules8.5 Atomic Spectra and X-rays
semiconductor9.5 Band Theory of Solids
shell8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
sievert (Sv)10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
sign conventions2.4 Thin Lenses
simple cubic9.3 Bonding in Crystalline Solids
simple magnifier2.7 The Simple Magnifier
Simultaneity5.2 Relativity of Simultaneity, 5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
single-photon-emission CT (SPECT)10.7 Medical Applications and Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
single-slit diffraction pattern4.1 Single-Slit Diffraction
small-angle approximation2.2 Spherical Mirrors
Snell1.3 Refraction
Snell’s law1.3 Refraction
soap bubble3.4 Interference in Thin Films
space-time5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
special theory of relativity5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
spectroscopic dispersion4.4 Diffraction Gratings
spectroscopic notation8.1 The Hydrogen Atom
speed of light5.1 Invariance of Physical Laws, 5.9 Relativistic Energy
spherical aberration2.2 Spherical Mirrors
spin projection quantum number8.3 Electron Spin
spin quantum number8.3 Electron Spin
spin-flip transitions8.3 Electron Spin
spin-orbit coupling8.3 Electron Spin
Standard Model11.5 The Standard Model
standing wave state7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
state reduction7.1 Wave Functions
stationary state7.4 The Quantum Particle in a Box
Stefan–Boltzmann constant6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Stefan’s law6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Stern-Gerlach experiment8.3 Electron Spin
stimulated emission8.6 Lasers
stopping potential6.2 Photoelectric Effect
strangeness11.2 Particle Conservation Laws
Strassman10.5 Fission
strong nuclear force10.1 Properties of Nuclei, 11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
subshell8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
synchrotron11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
synchrotron radiation11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
T
theory of everything11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
thin lenses2.4 Thin Lenses
thin-film interference3.4 Interference in Thin Films
thin-lens approximation2.4 Thin Lenses
thin-lens equation2.4 Thin Lenses
Thomson6.4 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
thought experiment5.2 Relativity of Simultaneity
Time dilation5.3 Time Dilation
time-modulation factor7.3 The Schrӧdinger Equation
Tonomura6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
Total energy5.9 Relativistic Energy
total internal reflection1.4 Total Internal Reflection
transition metal8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
transmission electron microscope (TEM)6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
transmission probability7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
transuranic element10.4 Nuclear Reactions
tritium10.1 Properties of Nuclei
tunnel diode7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
tunneling probability7.6 The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential Barriers
twin paradox5.3 Time Dilation, 5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
two-slit interference7.1 Wave Functions
type I superconductor9.8 Superconductivity
type II superconductor9.8 Superconductivity
U
ultraviolet catastrophe6.1 Blackbody Radiation
unpolarized1.7 Polarization
V
valence band9.5 Band Theory of Solids
valence electron8.4 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
Van de Graaff accelerator11.4 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
van der Waals bond9.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
vertex2.2 Spherical Mirrors
vertically polarized1.7 Polarization
vibrational energy level9.2 Molecular Spectra
virtual image2.1 Images Formed by Plane Mirrors
virtual particle11.5 The Standard Model
von Laue4.6 X-Ray Diffraction
W
W and Z boson11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
wave function7.1 Wave Functions
wave function collapse7.1 Wave Functions
wave number6.3 The Compton Effect
wave optics1.6 Huygens’s Principle, Introduction
wave packet6.6 Wave-Particle Duality, 7.2 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
wave quantum mechanics6.5 De Broglie’s Matter Waves
wave-particle duality6.6 Wave-Particle Duality
weak nuclear force11.1 Introduction to Particle Physics
Wheeler10.5 Fission
width of the central peak4.2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction
Wien’s displacement law6.1 Blackbody Radiation
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
Wilson11.7 Evolution of the Early Universe
work function6.2 Photoelectric Effect
world line5.5 The Lorentz Transformation
X
X-ray diffraction4.6 X-Ray Diffraction
Y
Young3.1 Young's Double-Slit Interference
Z
Zeeman effect8.2 Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
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