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Biology for AP® Courses

Index

Biology for AP® CoursesIndex
  1. Preface
  2. Unit 1
    1. 1 The Study of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 The Science of Biology
      3. 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Review Questions
      7. Critical Thinking Questions
      8. Test Prep for AP® Courses
    2. 2 The Chemical Foundation of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
      3. 2.2 Water
      4. 2.3 Carbon
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    3. 3 Biological Macromolecules
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
      3. 3.2 Carbohydrates
      4. 3.3 Lipids
      5. 3.4 Proteins
      6. 3.5 Nucleic Acids
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  3. Unit 2
    1. 4 Cell Structure
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 Studying Cells
      3. 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
      4. 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
      5. 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins
      6. 4.5 Cytoskeleton
      7. 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
      12. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      13. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    2. 5 Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 Components and Structure
      3. 5.2 Passive Transport
      4. 5.3 Active Transport
      5. 5.4 Bulk Transport
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    3. 6 Metabolism
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Energy and Metabolism
      3. 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
      4. 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics
      5. 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
      6. 6.5 Enzymes
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    4. 7 Cellular Respiration
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Energy in Living Systems
      3. 7.2 Glycolysis
      4. 7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
      5. 7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
      6. 7.5 Metabolism without Oxygen
      7. 7.6 Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways
      8. 7.7 Regulation of Cellular Respiration
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Summary
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
      13. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      14. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    5. 8 Photosynthesis
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
      3. 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
      4. 8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    6. 9 Cell Communication
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
      3. 9.2 Propagation of the Signal
      4. 9.3 Response to the Signal
      5. 9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    7. 10 Cell Reproduction
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Cell Division
      3. 10.2 The Cell Cycle
      4. 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
      5. 10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
      6. 10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  4. Unit 3
    1. 11 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 The Process of Meiosis
      3. 11.2 Sexual Reproduction
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Review Questions
      7. Critical Thinking Questions
      8. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      9. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    2. 12 Mendel's Experiments and Heredity
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
      3. 12.2 Characteristics and Traits
      4. 12.3 Laws of Inheritance
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    3. 13 Modern Understandings of Inheritance
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
      3. 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
      4. Key Terms
      5. Chapter Summary
      6. Review Questions
      7. Critical Thinking Questions
      8. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      9. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    4. 14 DNA Structure and Function
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
      3. 14.2 DNA Structure and Sequencing
      4. 14.3 Basics of DNA Replication
      5. 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
      6. 14.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
      7. 14.6 DNA Repair
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
      12. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      13. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    5. 15 Genes and Proteins
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Genetic Code
      3. 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
      4. 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
      5. 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
      6. 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    6. 16 Gene Regulation
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression
      3. 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
      4. 16.3 Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
      5. 16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation
      6. 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
      7. 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
      8. 16.7 Cancer and Gene Regulation
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Summary
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
      13. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      14. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    7. 17 Biotechnology and Genomics
      1. Introduction
      2. 17.1 Biotechnology
      3. 17.2 Mapping Genomes
      4. 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
      5. 17.4 Applying Genomics
      6. 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  5. Unit 4
    1. 18 Evolution and Origin of Species
      1. Introduction
      2. 18.1 Understanding Evolution
      3. 18.2 Formation of New Species
      4. 18.3 Reconnection and Rates of Speciation
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    2. 19 The Evolution of Populations
      1. Introduction
      2. 19.1 Population Evolution
      3. 19.2 Population Genetics
      4. 19.3 Adaptive Evolution
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    3. 20 Phylogenies and the History of Life
      1. Introduction
      2. 20.1 Organizing Life on Earth
      3. 20.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships
      4. 20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  6. Unit 5
    1. 21 Viruses
      1. Introduction
      2. 21.1 Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
      3. 21.2 Virus Infection and Hosts
      4. 21.3 Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
      5. 21.4 Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    2. 22 Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea
      1. Introduction
      2. 22.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
      3. 22.2 Structure of Prokaryotes
      4. 22.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism
      5. 22.4 Bacterial Diseases in Humans
      6. 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  7. Unit 6
    1. 23 Plant Form and Physiology
      1. Introduction
      2. 23.1 The Plant Body
      3. 23.2 Stems
      4. 23.3 Roots
      5. 23.4 Leaves
      6. 23.5 Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants
      7. 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Summary
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
      12. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      13. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  8. Unit 7
    1. 24 The Animal Body: Basic Form and Function
      1. Introduction
      2. 24.1 Animal Form and Function
      3. 24.2 Animal Primary Tissues
      4. 24.3 Homeostasis
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
    2. 25 Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System
      1. Introduction
      2. 25.1 Digestive Systems
      3. 25.2 Nutrition and Energy Production
      4. 25.3 Digestive System Processes
      5. 25.4 Digestive System Regulation
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    3. 26 The Nervous System
      1. Introduction
      2. 26.1 Neurons and Glial Cells
      3. 26.2 How Neurons Communicate
      4. 26.3 The Central Nervous System
      5. 26.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
      6. 26.5 Nervous System Disorders
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    4. 27 Sensory Systems
      1. Introduction
      2. 27.1 Sensory Processes
      3. 27.2 Somatosensation
      4. 27.3 Taste and Smell
      5. 27.4 Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
      6. 27.5 Vision
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    5. 28 The Endocrine System
      1. Introduction
      2. 28.1 Types of Hormones
      3. 28.2 How Hormones Work
      4. 28.3 Regulation of Body Processes
      5. 28.4 Regulation of Hormone Production
      6. 28.5 Endocrine Glands
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    6. 29 The Musculoskeletal System
      1. Introduction
      2. 29.1 Types of Skeletal Systems
      3. 29.2 Bone
      4. 29.3 Joints and Skeletal Movement
      5. 29.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    7. 30 The Respiratory System
      1. Introduction
      2. 30.1 Systems of Gas Exchange
      3. 30.2 Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
      4. 30.3 Breathing
      5. 30.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    8. 31 The Circulatory System
      1. Introduction
      2. 31.1 Overview of the Circulatory System
      3. 31.2 Components of the Blood
      4. 31.3 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels
      5. 31.4 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    9. 32 Osmotic Regulation and Excretion
      1. Introduction
      2. 32.1 Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
      3. 32.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
      4. 32.3 Excretion Systems
      5. 32.4 Nitrogenous Wastes
      6. 32.5 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
    10. 33 The Immune System
      1. Introduction
      2. 33.1 Innate Immune Response
      3. 33.2 Adaptive Immune Response
      4. 33.3 Antibodies
      5. 33.4 Disruptions in the Immune System
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      11. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    11. 34 Animal Reproduction and Development
      1. Introduction
      2. 34.1 Reproduction Methods
      3. 34.2 Fertilization
      4. 34.3 Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis
      5. 34.4 Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
      6. 34.5 Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development
      7. 34.6 Organogenesis and Vertebrate Formation
      8. 34.7 Human Pregnancy and Birth
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Summary
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
      13. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      14. Science Practice Challenge Questions
  9. Unit 8
    1. 35 Ecology and the Biosphere
      1. Introduction
      2. 35.1 The Scope of Ecology
      3. 35.2 Biogeography
      4. 35.3 Terrestrial Biomes
      5. 35.4 Aquatic Biomes
      6. 35.5 Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Summary
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
      11. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      12. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    2. 36 Population and Community Ecology
      1. Introduction
      2. 36.1 Population Demography
      3. 36.2 Life Histories and Natural Selection
      4. 36.3 Environmental Limits to Population Growth
      5. 36.4 Population Dynamics and Regulation
      6. 36.5 Human Population Growth
      7. 36.6 Community Ecology
      8. 36.7 Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Summary
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
      13. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      14. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    3. 37 Ecosystems
      1. Introduction
      2. 37.1 Ecology for Ecosystems
      3. 37.2 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
      4. 37.3 Biogeochemical Cycles
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Review Questions
      8. Critical Thinking Questions
      9. Test Prep for AP® Courses
      10. Science Practice Challenge Questions
    4. 38 Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
      1. Introduction
      2. 38.1 The Biodiversity Crisis
      3. 38.2 The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life
      4. 38.3 Threats to Biodiversity
      5. 38.4 Preserving Biodiversity
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Summary
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
      10. Test Prep for AP® Courses
  10. A | The Periodic Table of Elements
  11. B | Geological Time
  12. C | Measurements and the Metric System
  13. Index
Symbols
3' UTR16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
40S ribosomal subunit16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
5' cap16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
5' UTR16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
60S ribosomal subunit16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
7-methylguanosine cap15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
α-helix3.4 Proteins
β-pleated sheet3.4 Proteins
A
absorption spectrum8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
abstract1.1 The Science of Biology
acetyl CoA7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
acid2.2 Water
activation energy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
activators16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
active site6.5 Enzymes
Active transport5.3 Active Transport
adenosine triphosphate6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
adhesion2.2 Water
aerobic respiration7.2 Glycolysis
aliphatic hydrocarbons2.3 Carbon
alleles12.2 Characteristics and Traits
allosteric inhibition6.5 Enzymes
alternation of generations11.2 Sexual Reproduction
Amino acids3.4 Proteins
aminoacyl tRNA synthetases15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
amphiphilic5.1 Components and Structure
Anabolic6.1 Energy and Metabolism
anaerobic7.2 Glycolysis
anaerobic cellular respiration7.5 Metabolism without Oxygen
analyze19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
anaphase10.2 The Cell Cycle
aneuploid13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
Anions2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
antenna proteins8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
antibiotic resistance17.1 Biotechnology
anticodon15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
antiporter5.3 Active Transport
apoptosis9.3 Response to the Signal
applied science1.1 The Science of Biology
Aquaporins5.2 Passive Transport
aromatic hydrocarbons2.3 Carbon
atom1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
atomic mass2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
atomic number2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
Atoms2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
ATP6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
Autocrine signals9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Autoinducers9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
autosomes12.2 Characteristics and Traits, 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
B
balanced chemical equation2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
base2.2 Water
Basic science1.1 The Science of Biology
binary (prokaryotic) fission10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
biochemistry1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
bioenergetics6.1 Energy and Metabolism
biological macromolecules3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
biology1.1 The Science of Biology
biomarker17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
biosphere1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Biotechnology17.1 Biotechnology
blending theory of inheritance12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
blotting17.1 Biotechnology
botany1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Buffers2.2 Water
C
CAAT box15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
Calculate22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
calorie2.2 Water
Calvin cycle8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules
cAMP-dependent kinase (A-kinase)9.2 Propagation of the Signal
capillary action2.2 Water
Carbohydrates3.2 Carbohydrates
carbon2.3 Carbon, 8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules
carotenoids8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
carrier protein5.2 Passive Transport
catabolic6.1 Energy and Metabolism
catabolite activator protein (CAP)16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Cations2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
caveolin5.4 Bulk Transport
cell1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
cell cycle10.2 The Cell Cycle
cell cycle checkpoints10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
cell plate10.2 The Cell Cycle
cell wall4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Cell-surface receptors9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
cellular cloning17.1 Biotechnology
Cellulose3.2 Carbohydrates
centimorgans (cM)13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
Central Dogma15.1 The Genetic Code
central vacuole4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
centrioles10.2 The Cell Cycle
centromere10.1 Cell Division
centrosome4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Channel proteins5.2 Passive Transport
chaperones3.4 Proteins
chemical bonds2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
chemical energy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
Chemical reactions2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
chemical reactivity2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
chemical synapses9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Chemiosmosis7.1 Energy in Living Systems
chemoautotrophs8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
chiasmata11.1 The Process of Meiosis
chitin3.2 Carbohydrates
chlorophyll4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Chlorophyll a8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
chlorophyll b8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
chloroplast8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
chromatids10.1 Cell Division
chromatin4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
chromosome inversion13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
Chromosomes4.3 Eukaryotic Cells, 10.1 Cell Division
cilia4.5 Cytoskeleton
cis-acting element16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation
citric acid cycle7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
clathrin5.4 Bulk Transport
cleavage furrow10.2 The Cell Cycle
codominance12.2 Characteristics and Traits
codons15.1 The Genetic Code
coenzymes6.5 Enzymes
cofactors6.5 Enzymes
cohesin11.1 The Process of Meiosis
cohesion2.2 Water
colinear15.1 The Genetic Code
community1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Compare22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
competitive inhibition6.5 Enzymes
complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries17.2 Mapping Genomes
compounds2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
concentration gradient5.2 Passive Transport
conclusion1.1 The Science of Biology
condensin10.2 The Cell Cycle
consensus15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
construct a mathematical model23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
contig17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
Continuous variation12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
control group1.1 The Science of Biology
core enzyme15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
covalent bonds2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
crossover11.1 The Process of Meiosis
cyclic AMP (cAMP)9.2 Propagation of the Signal
cyclin-dependent kinases10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
cyclins10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
cytochrome complex8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
Cytogenetic mapping17.2 Mapping Genomes
Cytokinesis10.2 The Cell Cycle
cytoplasm4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
cytoskeleton4.5 Cytoskeleton
cytosol4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
D
Deductive reasoning1.1 The Science of Biology
degenerate15.1 The Genetic Code
dehydration synthesis3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
denaturation3.4 Proteins
denature6.5 Enzymes
deoxynucleotide17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)3.5 Nucleic Acids
dephosphorylation7.1 Energy in Living Systems
Describe19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Describe a model23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Descriptive (or discovery) science1.1 The Science of Biology
Design a plan22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
desmosomes4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
diacylglycerol (DAG)9.2 Propagation of the Signal
dicer16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
dideoxynucleotides17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
Diffusion5.2 Passive Transport
dihybrid12.3 Laws of Inheritance
dimer9.2 Propagation of the Signal
dimerization9.2 Propagation of the Signal
diploid10.1 Cell Division
diploid-dominant11.2 Sexual Reproduction
Disaccharides3.2 Carbohydrates
discontinuous variation12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
discussion1.1 The Science of Biology
dissociation2.2 Water
DNA microarrays17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
dominant lethal12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Dominant traits12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
downstream15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
E
ecosystem1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
electrochemical gradient5.3 Active Transport
electrogenic pump5.3 Active Transport
electrolytes2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
electromagnetic spectrum8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
electron configuration2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
electron microscopes4.1 Studying Cells
electron orbitals2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
electron transfer2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
electron transport chain8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
electronegativity2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
Electrons2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
electrophoresis14.2 DNA Structure and Sequencing
Elements2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
Enantiomers2.3 Carbon
endergonic reactions6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
endocrine cells9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
endocrine signals9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Endocytosis5.4 Bulk Transport
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins
enhancers16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation
enthalpy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
entropy6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics
Enzyme-linked receptors9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Enzymes3.4 Proteins
epigenetic16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression
epistasis12.3 Laws of Inheritance
equilibrium2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
eukaryotes1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
eukaryotic cells4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2)16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
euploid13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
Evaluate20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree, 20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree, 20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
evaporation2.2 Water
evolution1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
exergonic reactions6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
Exocytosis5.4 Bulk Transport
exons15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
Explain22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
expressed sequence tag (EST)17.2 Mapping Genomes
extracellular domain9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
extracellular matrix4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
F
F112.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
F212.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
facilitated transport5.2 Passive Transport
FACT15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
false negative17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
falsifiable1.1 The Science of Biology
Feedback inhibition6.5 Enzymes
fermentation7.5 Metabolism without Oxygen
fertilization11.1 The Process of Meiosis
fixation8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules
flagella4.5 Cytoskeleton
fluid mosaic model5.1 Components and Structure
foreign DNA17.1 Biotechnology
free energy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
FtsZ10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
Functional groups2.3 Carbon
G
G-protein-linked receptors9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
G0 phase10.2 The Cell Cycle
G1 phase10.2 The Cell Cycle
G2 phase10.2 The Cell Cycle
gametes10.1 Cell Division
gametophytes11.2 Sexual Reproduction
Gap junctions4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
GC-rich boxes15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
Gel electrophoresis17.1 Biotechnology
gene expression16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression
Gene targeting17.1 Biotechnology
Gene therapy17.1 Biotechnology
genes10.1 Cell Division
genetic diagnosis17.1 Biotechnology
Genetic engineering17.1 Biotechnology
genetic map17.2 Mapping Genomes
genetic marker17.2 Mapping Genomes
genetic recombination17.2 Mapping Genomes
genetic testing17.1 Biotechnology
genetically modified organism17.1 Biotechnology
genome10.1 Cell Division
genome annotation17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
Genome mapping17.2 Mapping Genomes
genomic libraries17.2 Mapping Genomes
Genomics17.2 Mapping Genomes
genotype12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Geometric isomers2.3 Carbon
germ cells11.2 Sexual Reproduction
GLUT proteins7.7 Regulation of Cellular Respiration
Glycogen3.2 Carbohydrates
glycolipids5.1 Components and Structure
Glycolysis7.2 Glycolysis
glycoproteins5.1 Components and Structure
glycosidic bond3.2 Carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins
granum8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
growth factors9.3 Response to the Signal
guanosine diphosphate (GDP)16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
guanosine triphosphate (GTP)16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
H
hairpin15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
haploid10.1 Cell Division
haploid-dominant11.2 Sexual Reproduction
Heat energy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy, 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics
heat of vaporization2.2 Water
helicase14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
hemizygous12.2 Characteristics and Traits
heterotrophs8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
heterozygous12.2 Characteristics and Traits
histone acetylation16.7 Cancer and Gene Regulation
histone proteins10.1 Cell Division
holoenzyme15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
homeostasis1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
homologous10.1 Cell Division
homologous recombination13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
homozygous12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Hormones3.4 Proteins
host DNA17.1 Biotechnology
hybridizations12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
Hydrocarbons2.3 Carbon
hydrogen bond2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
hydrolysis reactions3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
hydrophilic2.2 Water, 5.1 Components and Structure
hydrophobic2.2 Water, 5.1 Components and Structure
hypertonic5.2 Passive Transport
hypothesis1.1 The Science of Biology
hypothesis-based science1.1 The Science of Biology
hypotonic5.2 Passive Transport
I
identify22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
Identify and justify the data23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
incomplete dominance12.2 Characteristics and Traits
induced fit6.5 Enzymes
Induced mutations14.6 DNA Repair
inducible operons16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Inductive reasoning1.1 The Science of Biology
inert gases2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
inhibitor9.3 Response to the Signal
initiation complex16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
initiation site15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
initiator tRNA15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
inositol phospholipids9.2 Propagation of the Signal
inositol triphosphate (IP3)9.2 Propagation of the Signal
Integral proteins5.1 Components and Structure
intercellular signaling9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
interkinesis11.1 The Process of Meiosis
Intermediate filaments4.5 Cytoskeleton
Internal receptors9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
interphase10.2 The Cell Cycle
intracellular mediators9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
intracellular signaling9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
introduction1.1 The Science of Biology
introns15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
Ion channel-linked receptors9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Ionic bonds2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
ions2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
irreversible2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
isomerase7.2 Glycolysis
Isomers2.3 Carbon
isotonic5.2 Passive Transport
Isotopes2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks, 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
J
Justify19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Justify the claim22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
K
karyogram13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
karyokinesis10.2 The Cell Cycle
karyotype13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
kinase9.2 Propagation of the Signal
kinetic energy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
kinetochore10.2 The Cell Cycle
Kozak’s rules15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
Krebs cycle7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
L
lac operon16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
lagging strand14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
law of dominance12.3 Laws of Inheritance
law of independent assortment12.3 Laws of Inheritance
law of mass action2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
law of segregation12.3 Laws of Inheritance
leading strand14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
life cycles11.2 Sexual Reproduction
life sciences1.1 The Science of Biology
ligand9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
ligase14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
light microscopes4.1 Studying Cells
light-dependent reactions8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
light-harvesting complex8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
light-independent reactions8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
linkage12.3 Laws of Inheritance
linkage analysis17.2 Mapping Genomes
Lipids3.3 Lipids
litmus2.2 Water
locus10.1 Cell Division
lysis buffer17.1 Biotechnology
lysosomes4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
M
macromolecules1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
mass number2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
materials and methods1.1 The Science of Biology
mating factor9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
meiosis11.1 The Process of Meiosis, 11.1 The Process of Meiosis
Meiosis II11.1 The Process of Meiosis
mesophyll8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
messenger RNA (mRNA)3.5 Nucleic Acids
metabolism6.1 Energy and Metabolism
metabolome17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
Metabolomics17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
Metagenomics17.4 Applying Genomics
metaphase10.2 The Cell Cycle
metaphase plate10.2 The Cell Cycle
micelle3.3 Lipids
Microbiology1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
microfilaments4.5 Cytoskeleton
microRNAs16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
microsatellite polymorphisms17.2 Mapping Genomes
microscope4.1 Studying Cells
microtubules4.5 Cytoskeleton
mismatch repair14.6 DNA Repair
Mitochondria4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
mitosis10.2 The Cell Cycle
mitotic phase10.2 The Cell Cycle
mitotic spindle10.2 The Cell Cycle
model23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
model organism17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
model system12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
molecular biology1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
molecule1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Molecules2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
monohybrid12.2 Characteristics and Traits
monomers3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
Monosaccharides3.2 Carbohydrates
monosomy13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
multiple cloning site (MCS)17.1 Biotechnology
Mutations14.6 DNA Repair
Myc16.7 Cancer and Gene Regulation
N
natural sciences1.1 The Science of Biology
negative regulators16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
neurobiology1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
neurotransmitters9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
neutron2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
next-generation sequencing17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
noble gases2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
nondisjunction13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
nonparental types13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
Nonpolar covalent bonds2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
nonsense codons15.1 The Genetic Code
nontemplate strand15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
northern blotting17.1 Biotechnology
nuclear envelope4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleic acids3.5 Nucleic Acids
nucleoid4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
nucleolus4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
nucleoplasm4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
nucleosome10.1 Cell Division
nucleotide excision repair14.6 DNA Repair
nucleotides3.5 Nucleic Acids
nucleus2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks, 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
O
octamer boxes15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
octet rule2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
Okazaki fragments14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Omega3.3 Lipids
oncogenes10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
operator16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
operons16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
orbitals2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
organ system1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
organelles1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology, 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
organic molecules2.3 Carbon
Organisms1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Organs1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
origin10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
Osmolarity5.2 Passive Transport
Osmosis5.2 Passive Transport
oxidative phosphorylation7.1 Energy in Living Systems
P
P012.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
p2110.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
p5310.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
P6808.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
P7008.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
pairwise-end sequencing17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
Paleontology1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
paracentric13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
paracrine signals9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Parental types13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
Passive transport5.2 Passive Transport
pedigree analysis12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Peer-reviewed manuscripts1.1 The Science of Biology
peptide bond3.4 Proteins
peptidyl transferase15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
pericentric13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
periodic table2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
Peripheral proteins5.1 Components and Structure
Peroxisomes4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
pH scale2.2 Water
Pharmacogenomics17.4 Applying Genomics
phenotype12.2 Characteristics and Traits
phosphatases9.3 Response to the Signal
phosphoanhydride bonds6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
phosphodiester3.5 Nucleic Acids
phosphodiesterase9.3 Response to the Signal
Phospholipids3.3 Lipids
Phosphorylation7.1 Energy in Living Systems
photoact8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
photoautotrophs8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
photon8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
photosystem8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
photosystem I8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
photosystem II8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
phylogenetic tree1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
physical map17.2 Mapping Genomes
physical sciences1.1 The Science of Biology
pigment8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
pinocytosis5.4 Bulk Transport
plagiarism1.1 The Science of Biology
plasma membrane4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
plasmids15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
plasmodesmata4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
plasmolysis5.2 Passive Transport
Point mutations14.6 DNA Repair
polar covalent bond2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
poly-A tail15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes, 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
polygenic17.4 Applying Genomics
polymers3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
polynucleotide3.5 Nucleic Acids
polyploid13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
polysaccharide3.2 Carbohydrates
polysome15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
population1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
Pose22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Pose three questions20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
Pose two questions20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
positive regulator16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Possible answers:12.3 Laws of Inheritance
post-transcriptional16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression
post-translational16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression
potential energy6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
potocytosis5.4 Bulk Transport
predict19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 19.3 Adaptive Evolution, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses, 23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
preinitiation complex15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
Primary active transport5.3 Active Transport
primary electron acceptor8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
primary structure3.4 Proteins
primase14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
primer14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
probes17.1 Biotechnology
product rule12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
products2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
prokaryote4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
prometaphase10.2 The Cell Cycle
promoter15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
proofreading14.6 DNA Repair
prophase10.2 The Cell Cycle
prosthetic group7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
proteases17.1 Biotechnology
proteasome16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
protein signature17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
Proteins3.4 Proteins
proteome17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
proteomics17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
proto-oncogenes10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
proton2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
pumps5.3 Active Transport
Punnett square12.2 Characteristics and Traits
pure culture17.4 Applying Genomics
purines3.5 Nucleic Acids
pyrimidines3.5 Nucleic Acids
pyruvate7.2 Glycolysis
Q
quaternary structure3.4 Proteins
questions22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
quiescent10.2 The Cell Cycle
quorum sensing9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
R
Radiation hybrid mapping17.2 Mapping Genomes
reactants2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
reaction center8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
reading frame15.1 The Genetic Code
receptor-mediated endocytosis5.4 Bulk Transport
receptors9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
recessive lethal12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Recessive traits12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
reciprocal cross12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
recombinant DNA17.1 Biotechnology
recombinant proteins17.1 Biotechnology
recombination frequency13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
recombination nodules11.1 The Process of Meiosis
redox reactions7.1 Energy in Living Systems
reduction8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules
reduction division11.1 The Process of Meiosis
replication forks14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
Repressors16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Reproductive cloning17.1 Biotechnology
Restriction endonucleases17.1 Biotechnology
restriction fragment length polymorphisms17.2 Mapping Genomes
results1.1 The Science of Biology
retinoblastoma protein (Rb)10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle
reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)17.1 Biotechnology
Reversible reactions2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
Review articles1.1 The Science of Biology
Rho-dependent termination15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
Rho-independent termination15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
ribonucleases17.1 Biotechnology
ribonucleic acid (RNA)3.5 Nucleic Acids
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)3.5 Nucleic Acids
Ribosomes4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
RNA editing15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
RNA-binding proteins16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
RNAs15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins
S
S phase10.2 The Cell Cycle
saturated fatty acid3.3 Lipids
Science1.1 The Science of Biology
scientific method1.1 The Science of Biology
scientific questions23.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Second messengers9.2 Propagation of the Signal
Secondary active transport5.3 Active Transport
secondary structure3.4 Proteins
Select19.3 Adaptive Evolution
selection22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
selectively permeable5.2 Passive Transport
septum10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
Sequence mapping 17.2 Mapping Genomes
serendipity1.1 The Science of Biology
Shine-Dalgarno sequence15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
shotgun sequencing17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
signal integration9.2 Propagation of the Signal
signal sequence15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
signal transduction9.2 Propagation of the Signal
signaling cells9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
signaling pathway9.2 Propagation of the Signal
silent mutations14.6 DNA Repair
single nucleotide polymorphisms17.2 Mapping Genomes
Single-strand binding proteins14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
sliding clamp14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
small nuclear 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins
solute5.2 Passive Transport
solutes5.2 Passive Transport
solvent2.2 Water
somatic cells11.1 The Process of Meiosis
Southern blotting17.1 Biotechnology
specific heat capacity2.2 Water
spectrophotometer8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
sphere of hydration2.2 Water
splicing15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
Spontaneous mutations14.6 DNA Repair
sporophyte11.2 Sexual Reproduction
starch3.2 Carbohydrates
start codon15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
steroids3.3 Lipids
stomata8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
stroma8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
Structural isomers2.3 Carbon
substituted hydrocarbons2.3 Carbon
substrate-level phosphorylation7.1 Energy in Living Systems
substrates6.5 Enzymes
sum rule12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
summarize22.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
surface tension2.2 Water
symporter5.3 Active Transport
synapsis11.1 The Process of Meiosis
synaptic signal9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
synaptonemal complex11.1 The Process of Meiosis
Systems biology17.5 Genomics and Proteomics
T
target cells9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
TCA cycle7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
telomerase14.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
telomeres14.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
telophase10.2 The Cell Cycle
template strand15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
tertiary structure3.4 Proteins
test cross12.2 Characteristics and Traits
tetrads11.1 The Process of Meiosis
theory1.1 The Science of Biology
Thermodynamics6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics
thylakoid lumen8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
thylakoids8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
Ti plasmids17.1 Biotechnology
tight junction4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
tissues1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
to construct a cladogram20.3 Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
Tonicity5.2 Passive Transport
Topoisomerase14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
trait12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
trans4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins
trans fat3.3 Lipids
transcription3.5 Nucleic Acids
transcription bubble.15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
transcription factor binding site16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation
transcription factors16.3 Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
transcriptional start site16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)3.5 Nucleic Acids
transformation14.1 Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
transgenic17.1 Biotechnology
transition state6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
Transition substitution14.6 DNA Repair
translation3.5 Nucleic Acids
translocation13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
translocations13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
transport proteins5.2 Passive Transport
transporters5.3 Active Transport
Transversion substitution14.6 DNA Repair
triacylglycerols3.3 Lipids
triglycerides3.3 Lipids
trisomy13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
Tryptophan16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
tryptophan (trp) operon16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Tumor suppressor genes10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle
U
ubiquinone7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
unified cell theory4.1 Studying Cells
uniporter5.3 Active Transport
unsaturated3.3 Lipids
untranslated regions16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
upstream15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription
V
vacuoles4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
valence shell2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
van der Waals interactions2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
variable1.1 The Science of Biology
variants12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Vesicles4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
W
wavelength8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
Wax3.3 Lipids
Whole-genome sequencing17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing
wild type12.2 Characteristics and Traits
X
X inactivation13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
X-linked12.2 Characteristics and Traits
Z
Zoology1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology
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