Julianne Zedalis; John Eggebrecht

Symbols

3' UTR 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

40S ribosomal subunit 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

5' cap 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

5' UTR 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

60S ribosomal subunit 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

7-methylguanosine cap 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

α-helix 3.4 Proteins

β-pleated sheet 3.4 Proteins

A

absorption spectrum 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

abstract 1.1 The Science of Biology

acetyl CoA 7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle

acid 2.2 Water

activation energy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

activators 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

active site 6.5 Enzymes

Active transport 5.3 Active Transport

adenosine triphosphate 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

adhesion 2.2 Water

aerobic respiration 7.2 Glycolysis

aliphatic hydrocarbons 2.3 Carbon

alleles 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

allosteric inhibition 6.5 Enzymes

alternation of generations 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

Amino acids 3.4 Proteins

aminoacyl tRNA synthetases 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

amphiphilic 5.1 Components and Structure

Anabolic 6.1 Energy and Metabolism

anaerobic 7.2 Glycolysis

anaerobic cellular respiration 7.5 Metabolism without Oxygen

analyze 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

anaphase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

aneuploid 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Anions 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

antenna pigments 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

antibiotic resistance 17.1 Biotechnology

anticodon 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

antiporter 5.3 Active Transport

apoptosis 9.3 Response to the Signal

applied science 1.1 The Science of Biology

Aquaporins 5.2 Passive Transport

aromatic hydrocarbons 2.3 Carbon

atom 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

atomic mass 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

atomic number 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

Atoms 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

ATP 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Autocrine signals 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

Autoinducers 9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms

autosomes 12.2 Characteristics and Traits, 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Autotrophic 22.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism

B

balanced chemical equation 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

base 2.2 Water

Basic science 1.1 The Science of Biology

binary (prokaryotic) fission 10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division

biochemistry 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

bioenergetics 6.1 Energy and Metabolism

biological macromolecules 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

biology 1.1 The Science of Biology

biomarker 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

biosphere 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Biotechnology 17.1 Biotechnology

blending theory of inheritance 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

blotting 17.1 Biotechnology

botany 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Buffers 2.2 Water

C

CAAT box 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

Calculate 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

calorie 2.2 Water

Calvin cycle 8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules

cAMP-dependent kinase (A-kinase) 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

capillary action 2.2 Water

Carbohydrates 3.2 Carbohydrates

carbon 2.3 Carbon, 8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules

carotenoids 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

carrier protein 5.2 Passive Transport

catabolic 6.1 Energy and Metabolism

catabolite activator protein (CAP) 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

Cations 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

caveolin 5.4 Bulk Transport

cell 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

cell cycle 10.2 The Cell Cycle

cell cycle checkpoints 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle

cell plate 10.2 The Cell Cycle

cell wall 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Cell-surface receptors 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

cellular cloning 17.1 Biotechnology

Cellulose 3.2 Carbohydrates

centimorgans (cM) 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages

Central Dogma 15.1 The Genetic Code

central vacuole 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

centrioles 10.2 The Cell Cycle

centromere 10.1 Cell Division

centrosome 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Channel proteins 5.2 Passive Transport

chaperones 3.4 Proteins

chemical bonds 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

chemical energy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

Chemical reactions 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

chemical reactivity 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

chemical synapses 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

Chemiosmosis 7.1 Energy in Living Systems

chemoautotrophs 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

chiasmata 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

chitin 3.2 Carbohydrates

chlorophyll 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Chlorophyll a 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

chlorophyll b 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

chloroplast 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

chromatids 10.1 Cell Division

chromatin 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages

chromosome inversion 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Chromosomes 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells, 10.1 Cell Division

cilia 4.5 Cytoskeleton

cis-acting element 16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation

citric acid cycle 7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle

clathrin 5.4 Bulk Transport

cleavage furrow 10.2 The Cell Cycle

codominance 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

codons 15.1 The Genetic Code

coenzymes 6.5 Enzymes

cofactors 6.5 Enzymes

cohesin 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

cohesion 2.2 Water

colinear 15.1 The Genetic Code

community 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Compare 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

competitive inhibition 6.5 Enzymes

complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries 17.2 Mapping Genomes

compounds 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

concentration gradient 5.2 Passive Transport

conclusion 1.1 The Science of Biology

condensin 10.2 The Cell Cycle

consensus 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

construct a mathematical model 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

contig 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

Continuous variation 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

control group 1.1 The Science of Biology

core enzyme 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

covalent bonds 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

crossover 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

cyclic AMP (cAMP) 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

cyclin-dependent kinases 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle

cyclins 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle

cytochrome complex 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

Cytogenetic mapping 17.2 Mapping Genomes

Cytokinesis 10.2 The Cell Cycle

cytoplasm 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

cytoskeleton 4.5 Cytoskeleton

cytosol 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

D

Deductive reasoning 1.1 The Science of Biology

degenerate 15.1 The Genetic Code

dehydration synthesis 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

denaturation 3.4 Proteins

denature 6.5 Enzymes

deoxynucleotide 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 3.5 Nucleic Acids

dephosphorylation 7.1 Energy in Living Systems

Describe 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Describe a model 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Descriptive (or discovery) science 1.1 The Science of Biology

Design a plan 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

desmosomes 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities

diacylglycerol (DAG) 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

dicer 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

dideoxynucleotides 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

Diffusion 5.2 Passive Transport

dihybrid 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

dimer 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

dimerization 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

diploid 10.1 Cell Division

diploid-dominant 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

Disaccharides 3.2 Carbohydrates

discontinuous variation 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

discussion 1.1 The Science of Biology

dissociation 2.2 Water

DNA microarrays 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

dominant lethal 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Dominant traits 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

downstream 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

E

ecosystem 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

electrochemical gradient 5.3 Active Transport

electrogenic pump 5.3 Active Transport

electrolytes 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

electromagnetic spectrum 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

electron configuration 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

electron microscopes 4.1 Studying Cells

electron orbitals 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

electron transfer 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

electron transport chain 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

electronegativity 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

Electrons 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

electrophoresis 14.2 DNA Structure and Sequencing

Elements 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

Enantiomers 2.3 Carbon

endergonic reactions 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

endocrine cells 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

endocrine signals 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

Endocytosis 5.4 Bulk Transport

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins

energy coupling 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

enhancers 16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation

enthalpy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

entropy 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics

Enzyme-linked receptors 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

Enzymes 3.4 Proteins

epigenetic 16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression

epistasis 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

equilibrium 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

eukaryotes 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

eukaryotic cells 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

euploid 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Evaluate 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions

evaporation 2.2 Water

evolution 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

exergonic reactions 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

Exocytosis 5.4 Bulk Transport

exons 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

exonuclease 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

Explain 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

exponential growth 36.3 Environmental Limits to Population Growth

expressed sequence tag (EST) 17.2 Mapping Genomes

extracellular domain 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

extracellular matrix 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities

F

F₁ 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

F₂ 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

facilitated transport 5.2 Passive Transport

FACT 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

false negative 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

falsifiable 1.1 The Science of Biology

Feedback inhibition 6.5 Enzymes

fermentation 7.5 Metabolism without Oxygen

fertilization 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

fixation 8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules

flagella 4.5 Cytoskeleton

fluid mosaic model 5.1 Components and Structure

foreign DNA 17.1 Biotechnology

free energy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

FtsZ 10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division

Functional groups 2.3 Carbon

G

G-protein-linked receptors 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

G₀ phase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

G₁ phase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

G₂ phase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

gametes 10.1 Cell Division

gametophytes 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

Gap junctions 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities

GC-rich boxes 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

Gel electrophoresis 17.1 Biotechnology

gene expression 16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression

Gene targeting 17.1 Biotechnology

Gene therapy 17.1 Biotechnology

genes 10.1 Cell Division

genetic diagnosis 17.1 Biotechnology

Genetic engineering 17.1 Biotechnology

genetic map 17.2 Mapping Genomes

genetic marker 17.2 Mapping Genomes

genetic recombination 17.2 Mapping Genomes

genetic testing 17.1 Biotechnology

genetic variability 19.2 Population Genetics

genetically modified organism 17.1 Biotechnology

genome 10.1 Cell Division

genome annotation 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

Genome mapping 17.2 Mapping Genomes

genomic libraries 17.2 Mapping Genomes

Genomics 17.2 Mapping Genomes

genotype 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Geometric isomers 2.3 Carbon

germ cells 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

GLUT proteins 7.7 Regulation of Cellular Respiration

Glycogen 3.2 Carbohydrates

glycolipids 5.1 Components and Structure

Glycolysis 7.2 Glycolysis

glycoproteins 5.1 Components and Structure

glycosidic bond 3.2 Carbohydrates

Golgi apparatus 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins

granum 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

growth factors 9.3 Response to the Signal

guanosine diphosphate (GDP) 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

guanosine triphosphate (GTP) 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

H

hairpin 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

haploid 10.1 Cell Division

haploid-dominant 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

Heat energy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy, 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics

heat of vaporization 2.2 Water

helicase 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

hemizygous 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

heterotrophic 22.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism

heterotrophs 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

heterozygous 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

histone acetylation 16.7 Cancer and Gene Regulation

histone proteins 10.1 Cell Division

holoenzyme 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

Homeostasis 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

homologous 10.1 Cell Division

homologous recombination 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages

homology 20.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships

homozygous 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Hormones 3.4 Proteins

host DNA 17.1 Biotechnology

hybridizations 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

Hydrocarbons 2.3 Carbon

hydrogen bond 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

hydrolysis reactions 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

hydrophilic 2.2 Water, 5.1 Components and Structure

hydrophobic 2.2 Water, 5.1 Components and Structure

hypertonic 5.2 Passive Transport

hypothesis 1.1 The Science of Biology

hypothesis-based science 1.1 The Science of Biology

hypotonic 5.2 Passive Transport

I

identify 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Identify and justify the data 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

in vitro 6.5 Enzymes

incomplete dominance 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

induced fit 6.5 Enzymes

Induced mutations 14.6 DNA Repair

inducers 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

inducible operons 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

Inductive reasoning 1.1 The Science of Biology

inert gases 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

inhibitor 9.3 Response to the Signal

initiation complex 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

initiation site 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

initiator tRNA 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

inositol phospholipids 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

inositol triphosphate (IP₃) 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

Integral proteins 5.1 Components and Structure

intercellular signaling 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

interkinesis 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

Intermediate filaments 4.5 Cytoskeleton

Internal receptors 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

interphase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

intracellular mediators 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

intracellular signaling 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

introduction 1.1 The Science of Biology

introns 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

Ion channel-linked receptors 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

Ionic bonds 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

ions 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

irreversible 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

isomerase 7.2 Glycolysis

Isomers 2.3 Carbon

isotonic 5.2 Passive Transport

Isotopes 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks, 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

J

Justify 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Justify the claim 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

K

karyogram 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

karyokinesis 10.2 The Cell Cycle

karyotype 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

kinase 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

kinetic energy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

kinetochore 10.2 The Cell Cycle

Kozak’s rules 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Krebs cycle 7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle

L

lac operon 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

lagging strand 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

law of dominance 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

law of independent assortment 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

law of mass action 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

law of segregation 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

leading strand 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

life cycles 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

life sciences 1.1 The Science of Biology

ligand 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

ligase 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

light microscopes 4.1 Studying Cells

light-dependent reactions 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

light-harvesting complex 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

light-independent reactions 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

linkage 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

linkage analysis 17.2 Mapping Genomes

Lipids 3.3 Lipids

Litmus 2.2 Water

locus 10.1 Cell Division

lysis buffer 17.1 Biotechnology

lysosomes 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

M

macromolecules 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

mass number 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

materials and methods 1.1 The Science of Biology

mating factor 9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms

meiosis 11.1 The Process of Meiosis, 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

Meiosis II 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

mesophyll 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

messenger RNA (mRNA) 3.5 Nucleic Acids

metabolism 6.1 Energy and Metabolism

metabolome 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

Metabolomics 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

Metagenomics 17.4 Applying Genomics

metaphase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

metaphase plate 10.2 The Cell Cycle

micelle 3.3 Lipids

Microbiology 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

microfilaments 4.5 Cytoskeleton

microRNAs 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

microsatellite polymorphisms 17.2 Mapping Genomes

microscope 4.1 Studying Cells

microtubules 4.5 Cytoskeleton

mismatch repair 14.6 DNA Repair

Mitochondria 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

mitosis 10.2 The Cell Cycle

mitotic phase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

mitotic spindle 10.2 The Cell Cycle

model 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

model organism 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

model system 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

molecular biology 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

molecule 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Molecules 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

monohybrid 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

monomers 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

Monosaccharides 3.2 Carbohydrates

monosomy 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

multiple cloning site (MCS) 17.1 Biotechnology

Mutations 14.6 DNA Repair

Myc 16.7 Cancer and Gene Regulation

N

natural sciences 1.1 The Science of Biology

negative regulators 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

neurobiology 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

neurotransmitters 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

neutron 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

next-generation sequencing 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

noble gases 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

noncompetitive inhibition 6.5 Enzymes

nondisjunction 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

nonparental types 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages

Nonpolar covalent bonds 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

nonsense codons 15.1 The Genetic Code

nontemplate strand 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

northern blotting 17.1 Biotechnology

nuclear envelope 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Nucleic acids 3.5 Nucleic Acids

nucleoid 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells

nucleolus 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

nucleoplasm 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

nucleosome 10.1 Cell Division

nucleotide excision repair 14.6 DNA Repair

nucleotides 3.5 Nucleic Acids

nucleus 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks, 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

O

octamer boxes 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

octet rule 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

Okazaki fragments 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

Omega 3.3 Lipids

oncogenes 10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle

operator 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

operons 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

organ system 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

organelles 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology, 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

organic molecules 2.3 Carbon

Organisms 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Organs 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

origin 10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division

Osmolarity 5.2 Passive Transport

Osmosis 5.2 Passive Transport

oxidative phosphorylation 7.1 Energy in Living Systems

P

P₀ 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

p21 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle

p53 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle

P680 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

P700 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

pairwise-end sequencing 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

Paleontology 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

paracentric 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

paracrine signals 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

Parental types 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages

Passive transport 5.2 Passive Transport

pedigree analysis 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Peer-reviewed manuscripts 1.1 The Science of Biology

peptide bond 3.4 Proteins

peptidyl transferase 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

pericentric 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

periodic table 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

Peripheral proteins 5.1 Components and Structure

Peroxisomes 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

pH scale 2.2 Water

Pharmacogenomics 17.4 Applying Genomics

phenotype 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

phosphatases 9.3 Response to the Signal

phosphoanhydride bonds 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

phosphodiester 3.5 Nucleic Acids

phosphodiesterase 9.3 Response to the Signal

Phospholipids 3.3 Lipids

Phosphorylation 7.1 Energy in Living Systems

photoact 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

photoautotrophs 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

photon 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

photosystem 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

photosystem I 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

photosystem II 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

phylogenetic tree 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

physical map 17.2 Mapping Genomes

physical sciences 1.1 The Science of Biology

pigment 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

pinocytosis 5.4 Bulk Transport

plagiarism 1.1 The Science of Biology

plasma membrane 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

plasmids 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

plasmodesmata 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities

plasmolysis 5.2 Passive Transport

Point mutations 14.6 DNA Repair

polar covalent bond 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

poly-A tail 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes, 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

polygenic 17.4 Applying Genomics

polymers 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

polynucleotide 3.5 Nucleic Acids

polyploid 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

polysaccharide 3.2 Carbohydrates

polysome 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

population 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Pose 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Pose three questions 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Pose two questions 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions

positive regulator 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

Possible answers: 12.3 Laws of Inheritance

post-transcriptional 16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression

post-translational 16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression

potential energy 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

potocytosis 5.4 Bulk Transport

predict 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions, 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

preinitiation complex 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

Primary active transport 5.3 Active Transport

primary electron acceptor 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

primary structure 3.4 Proteins

primase 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

primer 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

probes 17.1 Biotechnology

product rule 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

products 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

prokaryote 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

prometaphase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

promoter 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

proofreading 14.6 DNA Repair

prophase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

prosthetic group 7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation

proteases 17.1 Biotechnology

proteasome 16.6 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation

protein signature 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

Proteins 3.4 Proteins

proteome 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

proteomics 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

proto-oncogenes 10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle

proton 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

pumps 5.3 Active Transport

Punnett square 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

pure culture 17.4 Applying Genomics

purines 3.5 Nucleic Acids

pyrimidines 3.5 Nucleic Acids

pyruvate 7.2 Glycolysis

Q

quaternary structure 3.4 Proteins

questions 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

quiescent 10.2 The Cell Cycle

quorum sensing 9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms

R

Radiation hybrid mapping 17.2 Mapping Genomes

reactants 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

reaction center 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

reading frame 15.1 The Genetic Code

receptor-mediated endocytosis 5.4 Bulk Transport

receptors 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

recessive lethal 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Recessive traits 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

reciprocal cross 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

recombinant DNA 17.1 Biotechnology

recombinant proteins 17.1 Biotechnology

recombination frequency 13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages

recombination nodules 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

redox reactions 7.1 Energy in Living Systems

reduction 8.3 Using Light to Make Organic Molecules

reduction division 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

replication forks 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

Repressors 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

Reproductive cloning 17.1 Biotechnology

Restriction endonucleases 17.1 Biotechnology

restriction fragment length polymorphisms 17.2 Mapping Genomes

results 1.1 The Science of Biology

retinoblastoma protein (Rb) 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle

reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) 17.1 Biotechnology

Reversible reactions 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

Review articles 1.1 The Science of Biology

Rho-dependent termination 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

Rho-independent termination 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

ribonucleases 17.1 Biotechnology

ribonucleic acid (RNA) 3.5 Nucleic Acids

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 3.5 Nucleic Acids

Ribosomes 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

RNA editing 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

RNA-binding proteins 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

RNAs 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins

S

S phase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

saturated fatty acid 3.3 Lipids

Science 1.1 The Science of Biology

scientific method 1.1 The Science of Biology

scientific questions 23 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Second messengers 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

Secondary active transport 5.3 Active Transport

secondary structure 3.4 Proteins

Select 19 Science Practice Challenge Questions

selection 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

selectively permeable 5.2 Passive Transport

septum 10.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division

Sequence mapping 17.2 Mapping Genomes

serendipity 1.1 The Science of Biology

Shine-Dalgarno sequence 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

shotgun sequencing 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

signal integration 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

signal sequence 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

signal transduction 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

signaling cells 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

signaling pathway 9.2 Propagation of the Signal

silent mutations 14.6 DNA Repair

single nucleotide polymorphisms 17.2 Mapping Genomes

Single-strand binding proteins 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

sliding clamp 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

small nuclear 15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins

solute 5.2 Passive Transport

solutes 5.2 Passive Transport

solvent 2.2 Water

somatic cells 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

Southern blotting 17.1 Biotechnology

specific heat capacity 2.2 Water

spectrophotometer 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

sphere of hydration 2.2 Water

splicing 15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

Spontaneous mutations 14.6 DNA Repair

sporophyte 11.2 Sexual Reproduction

starch 3.2 Carbohydrates

start codon 15.5 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

steroids 3.3 Lipids

stomata 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

stroma 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

Structural isomers 2.3 Carbon

substituted hydrocarbons 2.3 Carbon

substrate-level phosphorylation 7.1 Energy in Living Systems

substrates 6.5 Enzymes

sum rule 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

summarize 22 Science Practice Challenge Questions

surface tension 2.2 Water

symporter 5.3 Active Transport

synapsis 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

synaptic signal 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

synaptonemal complex 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

Systems biology 17.5 Genomics and Proteomics

T

target cells 9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

TCA cycle 7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle

telomerase 14.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

telomeres 14.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

telophase 10.2 The Cell Cycle

template strand 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

tertiary structure 3.4 Proteins

test cross 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

tetrads 11.1 The Process of Meiosis

theory 1.1 The Science of Biology

Thermodynamics 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics

thylakoid lumen 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

thylakoids 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

Ti plasmids 17.1 Biotechnology

tight junction 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities

tissues 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

to construct a cladogram 20 Science Practice Challenge Questions

Tonicity 5.2 Passive Transport

Topoisomerase 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

trait 12.1 Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

trans 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins

trans fat 3.3 Lipids

transcription 3.5 Nucleic Acids

transcription bubble. 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

transcription factor binding site 16.4 Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation

transcription factors 16.3 Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation

transcriptional start site 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3.5 Nucleic Acids

transformation 14.1 Historical Basis of Modern Understanding

transgenic 17.1 Biotechnology

transition state 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

Transition substitution 14.6 DNA Repair

translation 3.5 Nucleic Acids

translocation 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

translocations 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

transport proteins 5.2 Passive Transport

transporters 5.3 Active Transport

Transversion substitution 14.6 DNA Repair

triacylglycerols 3.3 Lipids

triglycerides 3.3 Lipids

trisomy 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Tryptophan 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

tryptophan (trp) operon 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

Tumor suppressor genes 10.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle

U

ubiquinone 7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation

unified cell theory 4.1 Studying Cells

uniporter 5.3 Active Transport

unsaturated 3.3 Lipids

untranslated regions 16.5 Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation

upstream 15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

V

vacuoles 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

valence shell 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

van der Waals interactions 2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks

variable 1.1 The Science of Biology

variants 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Vesicles 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells

W

wavelength 8.2 The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis

Wax 3.3 Lipids

Whole-genome sequencing 17.3 Whole-Genome Sequencing

wild type 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

X

X inactivation 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

X-linked 12.2 Characteristics and Traits

Z

Zoology 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology

Index