Symbols
(peak) emf23.5 Electric Generators
A
aberrations26.6 Aberrations
absolute pressure11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
absolute zero13.1 Temperature
acceleration due to gravity2.7 Falling Objects
accommodation26.1 Physics of the Eye
acoustic impedance 17.7 Ultrasound
activity31.5 Half-Life and Activity
adaptive optics26.5 Telescopes
air resistance3.4 Projectile Motion
alpha decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Alternating current20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
ammeters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
ampere20.1 Current
amplitude16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
amplitude modulation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Analog meters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
Analytical methods3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
Anger camera32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
angular acceleration10.1 Angular Acceleration
angular magnification26.5 Telescopes
angular momentum10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
angular momentum quantum number30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
angular velocity6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
antielectron31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
antimatter31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
antinode16.10 Superposition and Interference, 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
approximations1.4 Approximation
arc length6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
Archimedes’ principle11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
astigmatism26.2 Vision Correction
atomic de-excitation30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
atomic excitation30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
atomic mass31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
atomic spectra29.1 Quantization of Energy
Average speed2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Average velocity2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Avogadro’s number13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
axis of a polarizing filter27.8 Polarization
B
back emf23.6 Back Emf
banked curves6.3 Centripetal Force
barrier penetration31.7 Tunneling
baryon number33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
basal metabolic rate7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
beat frequency16.10 Superposition and Interference
becquerel31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Bernoulli’s equation12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
Bernoulli’s principle12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
beta decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
binding energy per nucleon31.6 Binding Energy
bioelectricity20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
Biot-Savart law22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
birefringent27.8 Polarization
Black holes34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
blackbodies29.1 Quantization of Energy
blackbody radiation29.1 Quantization of Energy
Bohr radius30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
Boltzmann constant13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
break-even32.5 Fusion
breeder reactors32.6 Fission
breeding32.6 Fission
bremsstrahlung29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Brewster’s angle27.8 Polarization
Brewster’s law27.8 Polarization
bridge devices21.5 Null Measurements
Brownian motion30.1 Discovery of the Atom
buoyant force11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
C
capacitive reactance23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
carbon-14 dating31.5 Half-Life and Activity
carrier particles4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
carrier wave24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
cathode-ray tubes30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
Celsius13.1 Temperature
center of gravity9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
center of mass6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
centrifugal force6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
centrifuge6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
centripetal acceleration6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
centripetal force6.3 Centripetal Force
change in angular velocity10.1 Angular Acceleration
change in entropy15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
change in momentum8.2 Impulse
characteristic time constant23.10 RL Circuits
characteristic x rays29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
chart of the nuclides31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
chemical energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
classical physics1.1 Physics: An Introduction
Classical relativity3.5 Addition of Velocities
coefficient of linear expansion13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
coefficient of performance15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
coefficient of volume expansion13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
Colliding beams33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
color constancy26.3 Color and Color Vision
complexity34.5 Complexity and Chaos
compound microscope26.4 Microscopes
Compton effect29.4 Photon Momentum
Conduction14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
conductor18.2 Conductors and Insulators
confocal microscopes27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
conservation laws21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
Conservation of energyIntroduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
conservation of mechanical energy7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
conservation of momentum principle8.3 Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of total 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservation of total baryon number33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservation of total LμLμ size 12{L rSub { size 8{μ} } } {}33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservative force7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
constructive interference16.10 Superposition and Interference
constructive interference for a diffraction grating27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
constructive interference for a double slit27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Convection14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
converging (or convex) lens25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
conversion factor1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
corner reflector25.4 Total Internal Reflection
correspondence principleIntroduction to Quantum Physics
cosmic microwave background34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
cosmological constant34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
cosmological red shift34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Cosmology34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Coulomb force18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
Coulomb forces18.3 Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb interaction18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
Coulomb’s law18.3 Coulomb’s Law
critical angle25.4 Total Internal Reflection
Critical damping16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
critical density34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
critical mass32.6 Fission
critical point13.5 Phase Changes
Critical pressure13.5 Phase Changes
criticality32.6 Fission
Curie temperature22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Current sensitivity21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
D
Dalton’s law of partial pressures13.5 Phase Changes
dark matter34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
de Broglie wavelength29.6 The Wave Nature of Matter
decay constant31.5 Half-Life and Activity
decay equation31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
decay series31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
deceleration2.4 Acceleration
defibrillator19.7 Energy Stored in Capacitors
degree Celsius13.1 Temperature
degree Fahrenheit13.1 Temperature
Density11.2 Density
dependent variable2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
derived units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
destructive interference16.10 Superposition and Interference
destructive interference for a double slit27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
destructive interference for a single slit27.5 Single Slit Diffraction
diastolic pressure11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement, 11.9 Pressures in the Body
dielectric19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
dielectric strengths19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
diffraction27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
diffraction grating27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
digital meters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
Direct current20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
direction of magnetic field lines22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
direction of polarization27.8 Polarization
Dispersion25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms
displacement2.1 Displacement
Distance2.1 Displacement
Distance traveled2.1 Displacement
diverging lens25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Doppler effect17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Doppler shift17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Doppler-shifted ultrasound17.7 Ultrasound
Double-slit interference30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
drag force5.2 Drag Forces
drift velocity20.1 Current
dynamic equilibrium9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium
E
eddy current23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
efficiency7.6 Conservation of Energy
Elapsed time2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
elastic potential energy16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
electric and magnetic fields24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
electric charge18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
electric current20.1 Current
electric field18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
Electric field lines24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
electric field strength18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
electric fields18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
Electric generators23.5 Electric Generators
electric potential19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
electric power20.4 Electric Power and Energy
Electrical energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
electrocardiogram (ECG)20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
electromagnetic forceIntroduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
electromagnetic induction23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
electromagnetic wavesIntroduction to Electromagnetic Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetism22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
electromagnets22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
electromotive force21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
Electron capture31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron capture equation31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron family number 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
electron volt19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
electron’s antineutrino31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron’s neutrino31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electrostatic equilibrium18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
electrostatic force18.3 Coulomb’s Law
electrostatic precipitators18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Electrostatic repulsion18.2 Conductors and Insulators
electrostatics18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
electroweak epoch34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
electroweak theory33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
emf induced in a generator coil23.5 Electric Generators
emissivity14.7 Radiation
endoscope25.4 Total Internal Reflection
energies of hydrogen-like atoms30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
energy stored in an inductor 23.9 Inductance
energy-level diagram30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
English units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
equipotential lines19.4 Equipotential Lines
escape velocity34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
event horizon34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
external force4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
external forces4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
Extremely low frequency (ELF)24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
eyepiece26.4 Microscopes
F
Fahrenheit13.1 Temperature
far point26.2 Vision Correction
Faraday’s law of induction23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
Farsightedness26.2 Vision Correction
ferromagnetic22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Feynman diagram33.2 The Four Basic Forces
Fiber optics25.4 Total Internal Reflection
fine structure30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
first law of thermodynamics15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
first postulate of special relativity28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
fission fragments32.6 Fission
flat (zero curvature) universe34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
fluids11.1 What Is a Fluid?
focal length25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
focal point25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Food irradiation32.4 Food Irradiation
force constant16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
force field4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction, 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
fossil fuels7.9 World Energy Use
free electrons18.2 Conductors and Insulators
free radicals32.4 Food Irradiation
free-body diagram4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
frequency modulation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
friction4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System, 5.1 Friction, 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
full-scale deflection21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
fundamental frequency16.10 Superposition and Interference
fundamental particle33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
fundamental units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
G
galvanometer21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
gamma camera32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
Gamma decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
gamma ray24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
gauge bosons33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
Geiger tube31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
general relativity34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
geometric optics25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
glaucoma11.9 Pressures in the Body
Grand Unified Theory (GUT)33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
gravitational constant6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
gravitational potential energy7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational waves34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
greenhouse effect14.7 Radiation
grounding19.4 Equipotential Lines
GUT epoch34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
H
half-life31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Hall effect22.6 The Hall Effect
Hall emf22.6 The Hall Effect
head-to-tail method3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 3.5 Addition of Velocities
heat14.1 Heat
heat of sublimation14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
heat pump’s coefficient of performance15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
Heisenberg uncertainty principle29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
henry23.9 Inductance
Higgs boson33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
Hooke’s law5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
horizontally polarized27.8 Polarization
horsepower7.7 Power
Hubble constant34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Human metabolism15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Huygens’s principle27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
Hydrogen spectrum wavelength30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hydrogen-like atom30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hydrogen-spectrum wavelengths30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hyperopia26.2 Vision Correction
I
ideal banking6.3 Centripetal Force
ideal gas law13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
Ignition32.5 Fusion
Image distance 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
impedance23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
impulse8.2 Impulse
Incoherent27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
independent variable2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
index of refraction25.3 The Law of Refraction
inductance23.9 Inductance
induction18.2 Conductors and Insulators, Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
inductive reactance23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
inductor23.9 Inductance
inelastic collision8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
inertia4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
inertial confinement32.5 Fusion
inertial frame of reference4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces, 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
inflationary scenario34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Infrared radiation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infrared radiation (IR)29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
infrasound17.6 Hearing
ink jet printer18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Instantaneous acceleration2.4 Acceleration
Instantaneous speed2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Instantaneous velocity2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
insulators18.2 Conductors and Insulators
intensity16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity, 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
intensity reflection coefficient17.7 Ultrasound
Interference microscopes27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
internal energy15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Internal kinetic energy8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension, 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
internal resistance21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
intraocular pressure11.9 Pressures in the Body
intrinsic magnetic field 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
intrinsic spin30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
irreversible process15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
isobaric process15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isolated system8.3 Conservation of Momentum
isotopes31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
K
Kelvin13.1 Temperature
kilocalorie14.1 Heat
kilowatt-hours7.7 Power
kinematics of rotational motion10.2 Kinematics of Rotational Motion
kinetic energy7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
kinetic friction5.1 Friction
Kirchhoff’s rules21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
L
Laser printers18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Laser vision correction26.2 Vision Correction
latent heat coefficients14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
law of conservation of angular momentum10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
law of conservation of charge18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
law of conservation of energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
law of inertia4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
law of refraction25.3 The Law of Refraction
Length contraction 28.3 Length Contraction
linear accelerator33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
linear hypothesis32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Linear momentum8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
liquid drop model32.6 Fission
longitudinal wave16.9 Waves
loop rule21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
loudness17.6 Hearing
M
magic numbers31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
magnetic confinement32.5 Fusion
magnetic damping23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
magnetic field22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
magnetic field lines22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines, 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
magnetic field strength (magnitude) produced by a long straight current-carrying wire22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic field strength inside a solenoid22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic flux23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
magnetic monopoles22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnetized22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
magnetocardiogram (MCG)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnetoencephalogram (MEG)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnification25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
magnitude of kinetic friction
f
k
f
k
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5.1 Friction
magnitude of static friction
f
s
f
s
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5.1 Friction
magnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
mass4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
mass number31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
massive compact halo objects34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
maximum field strength24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell’s equations22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law, 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
mechanical advantage9.5 Simple Machines
mechanical energy7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
mechanical equivalent of heat14.1 Heat
metabolic rate7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
method of adding percents1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
metric system1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Michelson-Morley experiment28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Microgravity6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
microlensing34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
microshock sensitive20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
micturition reflex11.9 Pressures in the Body
moderate dose32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Modern physics1.1 Physics: An Introduction
moment of inertia10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia, 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
motion3.4 Projectile Motion
muon family number33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
Mutual inductance23.9 Inductance
myopia26.2 Vision Correction
N
natural frequency16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
near point26.2 Vision Correction
Nearsightedness26.2 Vision Correction
negatively curved34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
Nerve conduction20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
net external force4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
net rate of heat transfer by radiation14.7 Radiation
neutral equilibrium9.3 Stability
neutralinos34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
neutrino oscillations34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
Neutron stars34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
Neutron-induced fission32.6 Fission
newton-meters7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
Newton’s first law of motion4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
Newton’s second law of motion4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
Newton’s third law of motion4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
Newton’s universal law of gravitation6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
non-inertial frame of reference6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
nonconservative force7.5 Nonconservative Forces
north magnetic pole22.1 Magnets
notes17.6 Hearing
Nuclear energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
Nuclear fission32.6 Fission
Nuclear fusion32.5 Fusion
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
nuclear radiation31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
nuclear reaction energy31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
nucleons31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
Null measurements21.5 Null Measurements
numerical aperture (NA)(NA)26.4 Microscopes
O
objective lens26.4 Microscopes
ohmmeters21.5 Null Measurements
optically active27.8 Polarization
orbital angular momentum30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
orbital magnetic field30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
order of magnitude1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
overdamped16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
P
parallel plate capacitor19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
Partial pressure13.5 Phase Changes
Particle physicsIntroduction to Particle Physics
Pascal’s principle11.5 Pascal’s Principle
Pauli exclusion principle30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
percent relative humidity13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
percent uncertainty1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
perfectly inelastic collision8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
periodic motion16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
permeability of free space22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
perpendicular lever arm9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
phase angle23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
phase diagrams13.5 Phase Changes
phase-contrast microscope27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
phon17.6 Hearing
Phosphorescence30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
photoconductor18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
photoelectric effect29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
photomultiplier31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
photon energy29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
photon momentum29.4 Photon Momentum
physical quantity1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Physics1.1 Physics: An Introduction
Planck’s constant29.1 Quantization of Energy
planetary model of the atom30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
point masses8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
Poiseuille’s law12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
Poiseuille’s law for resistance12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
polarization microscope27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
population inversion30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
position2.1 Displacement
positively curved34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
positron decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
positron emission tomography (PET)32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
potential difference19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference, 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
potential energy7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
potential energy of a spring7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
potentiometer21.5 Null Measurements
power factor23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
presbyopia26.1 Physics of the Eye
probability distribution29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
projectile3.4 Projectile Motion
Projectile motion3.4 Projectile Motion
Proper length 28.3 Length Contraction
Proper time 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
proton-proton cycle32.5 Fusion
PV diagram13.5 Phase Changes
Q
quality factor32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
quantizedIntroduction to Quantum Physics
quantum electrodynamics33.2 The Four Basic Forces
Quantum gravity34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
quantum mechanical tunneling31.7 Tunneling
quantum numbers30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
R
radiant energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
radiation detector31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
radioactive31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
Radioactive dating31.5 Half-Life and Activity
radioactivity31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
radiolytic products32.4 Food Irradiation
radiopharmaceutical32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
radiotherapy32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
radius of a nucleus31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
radius of curvature6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
range of radiation31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
rate of conductive heat transfer14.5 Conduction
rate of decay31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Ray tracing25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Rayleigh criterion27.6 Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
real image25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
reflected light is completely polarized27.8 Polarization
refraction25.3 The Law of Refraction
relative biological effectiveness32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
relative humidity13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
relative osmotic pressure12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
relative velocities3.5 Addition of Velocities
relativistic Doppler effects28.6 Relativistic Energy
Relativistic kinetic energy28.6 Relativistic Energy
Relativistic momentum28.5 Relativistic Momentum
relativistic velocity addition28.4 Relativistic Addition of Velocities
Renewable forms of energy7.9 World Energy Use
resistivity20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
resonant frequency23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
Rest energy28.6 Relativistic Energy
rest mass28.5 Relativistic Momentum
restoring force16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
resultant vector3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
retinex theory of color vision26.3 Color and Color Vision
retinexes26.3 Color and Color Vision
reversible process15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
Reynolds number12.5 The Onset of Turbulence
right hand rule 222.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
right-hand rule10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
rods and cones26.3 Color and Color Vision
roentgen equivalent man32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
rotation angle6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
rotational inertia10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
rotational kinetic energy10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited, 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
RR size 12{R} {} factor14.5 Conduction
S
saturation13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
scalar2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems, 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
Schwarzschild radius34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
scientific method1.1 Physics: An Introduction
scintillators31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
screening18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
second law of motion8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
second law of thermodynamics15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency, 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency, 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
second postulate of special relativity28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Self-inductance23.9 Inductance
semipermeable12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes, 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
shear deformation5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
short circuit20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
shunt resistance21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
SI unit of torque9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
significant figures1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
simple circuit20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
Simple Harmonic Motion16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
simple harmonic oscillator16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
simple pendulum16.4 The Simple Pendulum
simplified theory of color vision26.3 Color and Color Vision
single-photon-emission computed tomography(SPECT)32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
Solid-state radiation detectors31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
sonic boom17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
sound17.1 Sound
sound intensity level17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
sound pressure level17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
south magnetic pole22.1 Magnets
space quantization30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
special relativity.28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
specific gravity11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
specific heat14.2 Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
spin projection quantum number30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
spin quantum number30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
spontaneous symmetry breaking34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
stable equilibrium9.3 Stability
Standard Model33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
static electricityIntroduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
static equilibrium9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium, 9.4 Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
static friction5.1 Friction
statistical analysis15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation14.7 Radiation
step-down transformer23.7 Transformers
step-up transformer23.7 Transformers
Stimulated emission30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Stokes’ law5.2 Drag Forces
Superconductors34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
supercriticality32.6 Fission
superforce34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
superposition16.10 Superposition and Interference
synchrotron33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
synchrotron radiation33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
T
tangential acceleration10.1 Angular Acceleration
Television24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Temperature13.1 Temperature
temperature coefficient of resistivity20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
Tensile strength5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
terminal speed12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
terminal voltage21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
theory of quark confinement33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
therapeutic ratio32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
thermal agitation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
thermal conductivity14.5 Conduction
thermal energy7.5 Nonconservative Forces, 7.6 Conservation of Energy, 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
thermal equilibrium13.1 Temperature
thermal expansion13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
Thermal stress13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
thin film interference27.7 Thin Film Interference
thin lens25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
thin lens equations25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
thought experiment34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
three-wire system23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
thrust4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
timbre17.6 Hearing
Time dilation28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
TOE epoch34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
tone17.6 Hearing
Torque9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium, 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
Total energy 28.6 Relativistic Energy
total internal reflection25.4 Total Internal Reflection
trajectory3.4 Projectile Motion
transformer equation23.7 Transformers
Transformers23.7 Transformers
triple point13.5 Phase Changes
Tunneling31.7 Tunneling
U
ultra high frequency24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
ultracentrifuge6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
ultrasound17.6 Hearing
Ultraviolet (UV) microscopes27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
Ultraviolet radiation29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
ultraviolet radiation (UV)24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
uncertainty in energy29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in momentum29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in position29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in time29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
underdamped16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
uniform circular motionIntroduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
unpolarized27.8 Polarization
unstable equilibrium9.3 Stability
useful work7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
V
Van de Graaff33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
Van de Graaff generators18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
vapor13.5 Phase Changes
Vapor pressure13.5 Phase Changes
vector2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems, 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
vectors3.1 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction, 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
velocity3.5 Addition of Velocities
vertically polarized27.8 Polarization
very high frequency24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
virtual image25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
viscous drag12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
Visible light24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum, 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
voltage drop21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
Voltmeters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
W
watt7.7 Power
wave16.9 Waves
wave velocity16.9 Waves
wavelength in a medium27.1 The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
weakly interacting massive particles34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
weight4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System, 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
Wheatstone bridge21.5 Null Measurements
X
x rays29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum, 30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
x-ray diffraction30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
xerography18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Y
Z
Zeeman effect30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
zeroth law of thermodynamics13.1 Temperature
zz size 12{z} {}-component of spin angular momentum30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
zz size 12{z} {}-component of the angular momentum30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules