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College Physics

Index

College PhysicsIndex
  1. Preface
  2. 1 Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
    1. Introduction to Science and the Realm of Physics, Physical Quantities, and Units
    2. 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
    3. 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
    4. 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
    5. 1.4 Approximation
    6. Glossary
    7. Section Summary
    8. Conceptual Questions
    9. Problems & Exercises
  3. 2 Kinematics
    1. Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics
    2. 2.1 Displacement
    3. 2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
    4. 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
    5. 2.4 Acceleration
    6. 2.5 Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
    7. 2.6 Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
    8. 2.7 Falling Objects
    9. 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  4. 3 Two-Dimensional Kinematics
    1. Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics
    2. 3.1 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction
    3. 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
    4. 3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
    5. 3.4 Projectile Motion
    6. 3.5 Addition of Velocities
    7. Glossary
    8. Section Summary
    9. Conceptual Questions
    10. Problems & Exercises
  5. 4 Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
    1. Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    2. 4.1 Development of Force Concept
    3. 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
    4. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
    5. 4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces
    6. 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
    7. 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies
    8. 4.7 Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
    9. 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  6. 5 Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
    1. Introduction: Further Applications of Newton’s Laws
    2. 5.1 Friction
    3. 5.2 Drag Forces
    4. 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
    5. Glossary
    6. Section Summary
    7. Conceptual Questions
    8. Problems & Exercises
  7. 6 Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
    1. Introduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
    2. 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
    3. 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
    4. 6.3 Centripetal Force
    5. 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
    6. 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
    7. 6.6 Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  8. 7 Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
    1. Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
    2. 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
    3. 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
    4. 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
    5. 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
    6. 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
    7. 7.6 Conservation of Energy
    8. 7.7 Power
    9. 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
    10. 7.9 World Energy Use
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  9. 8 Linear Momentum and Collisions
    1. Introduction to Linear Momentum and Collisions
    2. 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
    3. 8.2 Impulse
    4. 8.3 Conservation of Momentum
    5. 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
    6. 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
    7. 8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
    8. 8.7 Introduction to Rocket Propulsion
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  10. 9 Statics and Torque
    1. Introduction to Statics and Torque
    2. 9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium
    3. 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
    4. 9.3 Stability
    5. 9.4 Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
    6. 9.5 Simple Machines
    7. 9.6 Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  11. 10 Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
    1. Introduction to Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
    2. 10.1 Angular Acceleration
    3. 10.2 Kinematics of Rotational Motion
    4. 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
    5. 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
    6. 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
    7. 10.6 Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
    8. 10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  12. 11 Fluid Statics
    1. Introduction to Fluid Statics
    2. 11.1 What Is a Fluid?
    3. 11.2 Density
    4. 11.3 Pressure
    5. 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid
    6. 11.5 Pascal’s Principle
    7. 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
    8. 11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
    9. 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
    10. 11.9 Pressures in the Body
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  13. 12 Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
    1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
    2. 12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
    3. 12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
    4. 12.3 The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
    5. 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
    6. 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence
    7. 12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
    8. 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  14. 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
    1. Introduction to Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
    2. 13.1 Temperature
    3. 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
    4. 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
    5. 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
    6. 13.5 Phase Changes
    7. 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  15. 14 Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
    1. Introduction to Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
    2. 14.1 Heat
    3. 14.2 Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
    4. 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
    5. 14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
    6. 14.5 Conduction
    7. 14.6 Convection
    8. 14.7 Radiation
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  16. 15 Thermodynamics
    1. Introduction to Thermodynamics
    2. 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
    3. 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
    4. 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
    5. 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
    6. 15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
    7. 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
    8. 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  17. 16 Oscillatory Motion and Waves
    1. Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
    2. 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
    3. 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
    4. 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
    5. 16.4 The Simple Pendulum
    6. 16.5 Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
    7. 16.6 Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
    8. 16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
    9. 16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
    10. 16.9 Waves
    11. 16.10 Superposition and Interference
    12. 16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity
    13. Glossary
    14. Section Summary
    15. Conceptual Questions
    16. Problems & Exercises
  18. 17 Physics of Hearing
    1. Introduction to the Physics of Hearing
    2. 17.1 Sound
    3. 17.2 Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
    4. 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
    5. 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
    6. 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
    7. 17.6 Hearing
    8. 17.7 Ultrasound
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  19. 18 Electric Charge and Electric Field
    1. Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
    2. 18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
    3. 18.2 Conductors and Insulators
    4. 18.3 Coulomb’s Law
    5. 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
    6. 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
    7. 18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
    8. 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
    9. 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  20. 19 Electric Potential and Electric Field
    1. Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy
    2. 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
    3. 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
    4. 19.3 Electrical Potential Due to a Point Charge
    5. 19.4 Equipotential Lines
    6. 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
    7. 19.6 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
    8. 19.7 Energy Stored in Capacitors
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  21. 20 Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
    1. Introduction to Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
    2. 20.1 Current
    3. 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
    4. 20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
    5. 20.4 Electric Power and Energy
    6. 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
    7. 20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
    8. 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  22. 21 Circuits and DC Instruments
    1. Introduction to Circuits and DC Instruments
    2. 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
    3. 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
    4. 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
    5. 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
    6. 21.5 Null Measurements
    7. 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  23. 22 Magnetism
    1. Introduction to Magnetism
    2. 22.1 Magnets
    3. 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
    4. 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
    5. 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
    6. 22.5 Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field: Examples and Applications
    7. 22.6 The Hall Effect
    8. 22.7 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
    9. 22.8 Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
    10. 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
    11. 22.10 Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
    12. 22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
    13. Glossary
    14. Section Summary
    15. Conceptual Questions
    16. Problems & Exercises
  24. 23 Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
    1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
    2. 23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
    3. 23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
    4. 23.3 Motional Emf
    5. 23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
    6. 23.5 Electric Generators
    7. 23.6 Back Emf
    8. 23.7 Transformers
    9. 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
    10. 23.9 Inductance
    11. 23.10 RL Circuits
    12. 23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
    13. 23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
    14. Glossary
    15. Section Summary
    16. Conceptual Questions
    17. Problems & Exercises
  25. 24 Electromagnetic Waves
    1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves
    2. 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
    3. 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
    4. 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
    5. 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
    6. Glossary
    7. Section Summary
    8. Conceptual Questions
    9. Problems & Exercises
  26. 25 Geometric Optics
    1. Introduction to Geometric Optics
    2. 25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
    3. 25.2 The Law of Reflection
    4. 25.3 The Law of Refraction
    5. 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
    6. 25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms
    7. 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
    8. 25.7 Image Formation by Mirrors
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  27. 26 Vision and Optical Instruments
    1. Introduction to Vision and Optical Instruments
    2. 26.1 Physics of the Eye
    3. 26.2 Vision Correction
    4. 26.3 Color and Color Vision
    5. 26.4 Microscopes
    6. 26.5 Telescopes
    7. 26.6 Aberrations
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  28. 27 Wave Optics
    1. Introduction to Wave Optics
    2. 27.1 The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
    3. 27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
    4. 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
    5. 27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
    6. 27.5 Single Slit Diffraction
    7. 27.6 Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
    8. 27.7 Thin Film Interference
    9. 27.8 Polarization
    10. 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  29. 28 Special Relativity
    1. Introduction to Special Relativity
    2. 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
    3. 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
    4. 28.3 Length Contraction
    5. 28.4 Relativistic Addition of Velocities
    6. 28.5 Relativistic Momentum
    7. 28.6 Relativistic Energy
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  30. 29 Introduction to Quantum Physics
    1. Introduction to Quantum Physics
    2. 29.1 Quantization of Energy
    3. 29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
    4. 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
    5. 29.4 Photon Momentum
    6. 29.5 The Particle-Wave Duality
    7. 29.6 The Wave Nature of Matter
    8. 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
    9. 29.8 The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  31. 30 Atomic Physics
    1. Introduction to Atomic Physics
    2. 30.1 Discovery of the Atom
    3. 30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
    4. 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
    5. 30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
    6. 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
    7. 30.6 The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
    8. 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
    9. 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
    10. 30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  32. 31 Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
    1. Introduction to Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
    2. 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
    3. 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
    4. 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
    5. 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
    6. 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
    7. 31.6 Binding Energy
    8. 31.7 Tunneling
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  33. 32 Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics
    1. Introduction to Applications of Nuclear Physics
    2. 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
    3. 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
    4. 32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
    5. 32.4 Food Irradiation
    6. 32.5 Fusion
    7. 32.6 Fission
    8. 32.7 Nuclear Weapons
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  34. 33 Particle Physics
    1. Introduction to Particle Physics
    2. 33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
    3. 33.2 The Four Basic Forces
    4. 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
    5. 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
    6. 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
    7. 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  35. 34 Frontiers of Physics
    1. Introduction to Frontiers of Physics
    2. 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
    3. 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
    4. 34.3 Superstrings
    5. 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
    6. 34.5 Complexity and Chaos
    7. 34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
    8. 34.7 Some Questions We Know to Ask
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  36. A | Atomic Masses
  37. B | Selected Radioactive Isotopes
  38. C | Useful Information
  39. D | Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation
  40. Index
Symbols
(peak) emf23.5 Electric Generators
A
aberrations26.6 Aberrations
absolute pressure11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
absolute zero13.1 Temperature
AC current20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
AC voltage20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
acceleration2.4 Acceleration, 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
acceleration due to gravity2.7 Falling Objects
accommodation26.1 Physics of the Eye
Accuracy1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
acoustic impedance 17.7 Ultrasound
active transport12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
activity31.5 Half-Life and Activity
adaptive optics26.5 Telescopes
adhesive forces11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
adiabatic15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
air resistance3.4 Projectile Motion
alpha31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
alpha decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Alternating current20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
ammeters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
ampere20.1 Current
Ampere’s law22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
amplitude16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
amplitude modulation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Analog meters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
Analytical methods3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
Anger camera32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
angular acceleration10.1 Angular Acceleration
angular magnification26.5 Telescopes
angular momentum10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
angular momentum quantum number30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
angular velocity6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
antielectron31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
antimatter31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
antinode16.10 Superposition and Interference, 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
approximations1.4 Approximation
arc length6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
Archimedes’ principle11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
astigmatism26.2 Vision Correction
atom30.1 Discovery of the Atom
atomic de-excitation30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
atomic excitation30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
atomic mass31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
atomic number30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle, 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
atomic spectra29.1 Quantization of Energy
Average Acceleration2.4 Acceleration, 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
Average speed2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Average velocity2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Avogadro’s number13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
axions34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
axis of a polarizing filter27.8 Polarization
B
B-field22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
back emf23.6 Back Emf
banked curves6.3 Centripetal Force
barrier penetration31.7 Tunneling
baryon number33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
Baryons33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
basal metabolic rate7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
beat frequency16.10 Superposition and Interference
becquerel31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Bernoulli’s equation12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
Bernoulli’s principle12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
beta31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
beta decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Big Bang34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
binding energy29.2 The Photoelectric Effect, 31.6 Binding Energy
binding energy per nucleon31.6 Binding Energy
bioelectricity20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
Biot-Savart law22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
birefringent27.8 Polarization
Black holes34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
blackbodies29.1 Quantization of Energy
blackbody radiation29.1 Quantization of Energy
Bohr radius30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
Boltzmann constant13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
boson33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
bottom33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
bow wake17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
break-even32.5 Fusion
breeder reactors32.6 Fission
breeding32.6 Fission
bremsstrahlung29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Brewster’s angle27.8 Polarization
Brewster’s law27.8 Polarization
bridge devices21.5 Null Measurements
Brownian motion30.1 Discovery of the Atom
buoyant force11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
C
capacitance19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics, 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
capacitive reactance23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
capacitor19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics, 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
capillary action11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
carbon-14 dating31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Carnot cycle15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
Carnot efficiency15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
Carnot engine15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
carrier particles4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
carrier wave24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
cathode-ray tubes30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
Celsius13.1 Temperature
center of gravity9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
center of mass6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
centrifugal force6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
centrifuge6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
centripetal acceleration6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
centripetal force6.3 Centripetal Force
change in angular velocity10.1 Angular Acceleration
change in entropy15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
change in momentum8.2 Impulse
Chaos34.5 Complexity and Chaos
characteristic time constant23.10 RL Circuits
characteristic x rays29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
charm33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
chart of the nuclides31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
chemical energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
classical physics1.1 Physics: An Introduction
Classical relativity3.5 Addition of Velocities
coefficient of linear expansion13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
coefficient of performance15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
coefficient of volume expansion13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
coherent27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
cohesive forces11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
Colliding beams33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
color33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
color constancy26.3 Color and Color Vision
commutative3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 3.5 Addition of Velocities
complexity34.5 Complexity and Chaos
components 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
compound microscope26.4 Microscopes
Compton effect29.4 Photon Momentum
Conduction14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
conductor18.2 Conductors and Insulators
Conductors18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
confocal microscopes27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
conservation laws21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
Conservation of energyIntroduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
conservation of mechanical energy7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
conservation of momentum principle8.3 Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of total 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservation of total baryon number33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservation of total LμLμ size 12{L rSub { size 8{μ} } } {}33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservative force7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
constructive interference16.10 Superposition and Interference
constructive interference for a diffraction grating27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
constructive interference for a double slit27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
contact angle11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
Contrast27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
Convection14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
converging (or convex) lens25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
conversion factor1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Coriolis force6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
corner reflector25.4 Total Internal Reflection
correspondence principleIntroduction to Quantum Physics
cosmic microwave background34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
cosmological constant34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
cosmological red shift34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Cosmology34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Coulomb force18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
Coulomb forces18.3 Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb interaction18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
Coulomb’s law18.3 Coulomb’s Law
critical angle25.4 Total Internal Reflection
Critical damping16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
critical density34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
critical mass32.6 Fission
critical point13.5 Phase Changes
Critical pressure13.5 Phase Changes
critical temperature13.5 Phase Changes, 34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
criticality32.6 Fission
curie31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Curie temperature22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
current21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
Current sensitivity21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
cyclical process15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
cyclotron33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
D
Dalton’s law of partial pressures13.5 Phase Changes
dark matter34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
daughters31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
de Broglie wavelength29.6 The Wave Nature of Matter
decay31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
decay constant31.5 Half-Life and Activity
decay equation31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
decay series31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
deceleration2.4 Acceleration
defibrillator19.7 Energy Stored in Capacitors
deformation5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain, 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
degree Celsius13.1 Temperature
degree Fahrenheit13.1 Temperature
Density11.2 Density
dependent variable2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
derived units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
destructive interference16.10 Superposition and Interference
destructive interference for a double slit27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
destructive interference for a single slit27.5 Single Slit Diffraction
dew point13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
dialysis12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
diastolic pressure11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement, 11.9 Pressures in the Body
dielectric19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
dielectric strengths19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
diffraction27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
diffraction grating27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
Diffusion12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
digital meters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
dipole18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
Direct current20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
direction3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
direction of magnetic field lines22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
direction of polarization27.8 Polarization
Dispersion25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms
displacement2.1 Displacement
Distance2.1 Displacement
Distance traveled2.1 Displacement
diverging lens25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
domains22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Doppler effect17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Doppler shift17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Doppler-shifted ultrasound17.7 Ultrasound
Double-slit interference30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
down33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
drag force5.2 Drag Forces
drift velocity20.1 Current
dynamic equilibrium9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium
DynamicsIntroduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion, 4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
E
eddy current23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
efficiency7.6 Conservation of Energy
Elapsed time2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
elastic collision8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension, 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
elastic potential energy16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
electric and magnetic fields24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
electric charge18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
electric current20.1 Current
electric field18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
Electric field lines24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
electric field strength18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
electric fields18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
Electric generators23.5 Electric Generators
electric potential19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
electric power20.4 Electric Power and Energy
Electrical energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
electrocardiogram (ECG)20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
electromagnetic forceIntroduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
electromagnetic induction23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
electromagnetic wavesIntroduction to Electromagnetic Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetism22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
electromagnets22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
electromotive force21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
Electron capture31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron capture equation31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron family number 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
electron volt19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
electron’s antineutrino31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron’s neutrino31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electrons18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
electrostatic equilibrium18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
electrostatic force18.3 Coulomb’s Law
electrostatic precipitators18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Electrostatic repulsion18.2 Conductors and Insulators
electrostatics18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
electroweak epoch34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
electroweak theory33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
emf21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
emf induced in a generator coil23.5 Electric Generators
emissivity14.7 Radiation
endoscope25.4 Total Internal Reflection
energies of hydrogen-like atoms30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
energyIntroduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
energy stored in an inductor 23.9 Inductance
energy-level diagram30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
English units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
entropy15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
equipotential lines19.4 Equipotential Lines
escape velocity34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
event horizon34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
external force4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
external forces4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
Extremely low frequency (ELF)24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
eyepiece26.4 Microscopes
F
Fahrenheit13.1 Temperature
far point26.2 Vision Correction
Faraday cage18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
Faraday’s law of induction23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
Farsightedness26.2 Vision Correction
fermion33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
ferromagnetic22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Feynman diagram33.2 The Four Basic Forces
Fiber optics25.4 Total Internal Reflection
fictitious force6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
fine structure30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
first law of thermodynamics15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
first postulate of special relativity28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
fission fragments32.6 Fission
flat (zero curvature) universe34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
flavors33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
Flow rate12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
fluid dynamicsIntroduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
fluids11.1 What Is a Fluid?
Fluorescence30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
focal length25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
focal point25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Food irradiation32.4 Food Irradiation
force4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
force constant16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
force field4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction, 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
fossil fuels7.9 World Energy Use
free charges18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
free electrons18.2 Conductors and Insulators
free radicals32.4 Food Irradiation
free-body diagram4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
free-fall2.7 Falling Objects, 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
Frequency16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
frequency modulation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
friction4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System, 5.1 Friction, 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
full-scale deflection21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
fundamental17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
fundamental frequency16.10 Superposition and Interference
fundamental particle33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
fundamental units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
G
galvanometer21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
gamma31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
gamma camera32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
Gamma decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
gamma ray24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Gamma rays29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
gauge bosons33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
gauge pressure11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
gauss22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
Geiger tube31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
general relativity34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
geometric optics25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
glaucoma11.9 Pressures in the Body
gluons33.2 The Four Basic Forces, 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
Grand Unified Theory (GUT)33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
gravitational constant6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
gravitational potential energy7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational waves34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
gray (Gy)32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
greenhouse effect14.7 Radiation
grounded18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
grounding19.4 Equipotential Lines
GUT epoch34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
H
Hadrons33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
half-life31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Hall effect22.6 The Hall Effect
Hall emf22.6 The Hall Effect
harmonics17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
head3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
head-to-tail method3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 3.5 Addition of Velocities
Hearing17.1 Sound, 17.6 Hearing
heat14.1 Heat
heat engine15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
heat of sublimation14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
heat pump’s coefficient of performance15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
heat transferIntroduction to Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
Heisenberg uncertainty principle29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
henry23.9 Inductance
Higgs boson33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
high dose32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
hologram30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Holography30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Hooke’s law5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
horizontally polarized27.8 Polarization
Hormesis32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
horsepower7.7 Power
Hubble constant34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
hues26.3 Color and Color Vision
Human metabolism15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Huygens’s principle27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
Hydrogen spectrum wavelength30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hydrogen-like atom30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hydrogen-spectrum wavelengths30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hyperopia26.2 Vision Correction
I
ideal banking6.3 Centripetal Force
ideal gas law13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
Ignition32.5 Fusion
Image distance 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
impedance23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
impulse8.2 Impulse
Incoherent27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
independent variable2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
index of refraction25.3 The Law of Refraction
inductance23.9 Inductance
induction18.2 Conductors and Insulators, Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
inductive reactance23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
inductor23.9 Inductance
inelastic collision8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
inertia4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
inertial confinement32.5 Fusion
inertial frame of reference4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces, 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
inflationary scenario34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Infrared radiation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infrared radiation (IR)29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
infrasound17.6 Hearing
ink jet printer18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Instantaneous acceleration2.4 Acceleration
Instantaneous speed2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Instantaneous velocity2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
insulators18.2 Conductors and Insulators
intensity16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity, 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
intensity reflection coefficient17.7 Ultrasound
Interference microscopes27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
internal energy15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Internal kinetic energy8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension, 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
internal resistance21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
intraocular pressure11.9 Pressures in the Body
intrinsic magnetic field 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
intrinsic spin30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
ionizing radiation29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum, 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
ionosphere18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
irreversible process15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
isobaric process15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isochoric15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isolated system8.3 Conservation of Momentum
isothermal15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isotopes31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
J
joule7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
Joule’s law21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
junction rule21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
K
Kelvin13.1 Temperature
kilocalorie14.1 Heat
kilogram1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
kilowatt-hours7.7 Power
kinematicsIntroduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics, 3.4 Projectile Motion
kinematics of rotational motion10.2 Kinematics of Rotational Motion
kinetic energy7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
kinetic friction5.1 Friction
Kirchhoff’s rules21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
L
Laminar12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
laser30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Laser printers18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Laser vision correction26.2 Vision Correction
latent heat coefficients14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
law1.1 Physics: An Introduction
law of conservation of angular momentum10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
law of conservation of charge18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
law of conservation of energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
law of inertia4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
law of refraction25.3 The Law of Refraction
Length contraction 28.3 Length Contraction
Lenz’s law23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
leptons33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
linear accelerator33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
linear hypothesis32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Linear momentum8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
liquid drop model32.6 Fission
liter12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
longitudinal wave16.9 Waves
loop rule21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
Lorentz force22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
loudness17.6 Hearing
low dose32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
M
MACHOs34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
macrostate15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
magic numbers31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
magnetic confinement32.5 Fusion
magnetic damping23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
magnetic field22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
magnetic field lines22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines, 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
magnetic field strength (magnitude) produced by a long straight current-carrying wire22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic field strength inside a solenoid22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic flux23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
magnetic force22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
magnetic monopoles22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnetized22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
magnetocardiogram (MCG)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnetoencephalogram (MEG)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnification25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
magnitude3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
magnitude of kinetic friction f k f k size 12{f rSub { size 8{k} } } {} 5.1 Friction
magnitude of static friction f s f s size 12{f rSub { size 8{s} } } {} 5.1 Friction
magnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
mass4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
mass number31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
massive compact halo objects34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
maximum field strength24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell’s equations22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law, 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
mechanical advantage9.5 Simple Machines
mechanical energy7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
mechanical equivalent of heat14.1 Heat
meson33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
Mesons33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
metabolic rate7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
metastable30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
meter1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Meters22.8 Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
method of adding percents1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
metric system1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Michelson-Morley experiment28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Microgravity6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
microlensing34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
microshock sensitive20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
microstate15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
Microwaves24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum, 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
micturition reflex11.9 Pressures in the Body
model1.1 Physics: An Introduction, 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
moderate dose32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Modern physics1.1 Physics: An Introduction
mole13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
moment of inertia10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia, 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
motion3.4 Projectile Motion
Motors22.8 Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
muon family number33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
Mutual inductance23.9 Inductance
myopia26.2 Vision Correction
N
natural frequency16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
near point26.2 Vision Correction
Nearsightedness26.2 Vision Correction
negatively curved34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
Nerve conduction20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
net external force4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
net rate of heat transfer by radiation14.7 Radiation
net work7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
neutral equilibrium9.3 Stability
neutralinos34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
neutrino31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
neutrino oscillations34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
neutron31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
Neutron stars34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
Neutron-induced fission32.6 Fission
newton4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
newton-meters7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
Newton’s first law of motion4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
Newton’s second law of motion4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
Newton’s third law of motion4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
Newton’s universal law of gravitation6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
node17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
Nodes16.10 Superposition and Interference
non-inertial frame of reference6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
nonconservative force7.5 Nonconservative Forces
normal force4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
north magnetic pole22.1 Magnets
notes17.6 Hearing
Nuclear energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
Nuclear fission32.6 Fission
Nuclear fusion32.5 Fusion
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
nuclear radiation31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
nuclear reaction energy31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
nucleons31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
nuclide31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
Null measurements21.5 Null Measurements
numerical aperture (NA)(NA)26.4 Microscopes
O
objective lens26.4 Microscopes
ohm20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
Ohm’s law20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits, 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
ohmic20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
ohmmeters21.5 Null Measurements
optically active27.8 Polarization
orbital angular momentum30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
orbital magnetic field30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
order27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
order of magnitude1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
oscillateIntroduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
Osmosis12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
osmotic pressure12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
Otto cycle15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
overdamped16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
overtones16.10 Superposition and Interference, 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
P
parallel21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
parallel plate capacitor19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
parent31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Partial pressure13.5 Phase Changes
Particle physicsIntroduction to Particle Physics
particle-wave duality29.5 The Particle-Wave Duality, 29.8 The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed
Pascal’s principle11.5 Pascal’s Principle
Pauli exclusion principle30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
percent relative humidity13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
percent uncertainty1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
perfectly inelastic collision8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
period16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
periodic motion16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
permeability of free space22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
perpendicular lever arm9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
phase angle23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
phase diagrams13.5 Phase Changes
phase-contrast microscope27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
phon17.6 Hearing
Phosphorescence30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
photoconductor18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
photoelectric effect29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
photomultiplier31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
photon29.2 The Photoelectric Effect, 29.4 Photon Momentum
photon energy29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
photon momentum29.4 Photon Momentum
physical quantity1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Physics1.1 Physics: An Introduction
pion33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
pit6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
pitch17.2 Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength, 17.6 Hearing
Planck’s constant29.1 Quantization of Energy
planetary model of the atom30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
point charge18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
point masses8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
Poiseuille’s law12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
Poiseuille’s law for resistance12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
polar molecule18.6 Electric Forces in Biology, 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
polarization18.2 Conductors and Insulators, 27.8 Polarization
polarization microscope27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
polarized18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium, 27.8 Polarization
population inversion30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
position2.1 Displacement
positively curved34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
positron31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
positron decay31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
positron emission tomography (PET)32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
potential difference19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference, 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
potential energy7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
potential energy of a spring7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
potentiometer21.5 Null Measurements
power7.7 Power, 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
power factor23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
precision1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
presbyopia26.1 Physics of the Eye
pressure11.3 Pressure, 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid, 11.5 Pascal’s Principle
probability distribution29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
projectile3.4 Projectile Motion
Projectile motion3.4 Projectile Motion
Proper length 28.3 Length Contraction
Proper time 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
proton-proton cycle32.5 Fusion
protons18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge, 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
PV diagram13.5 Phase Changes
Q
quality factor32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
quantizedIntroduction to Quantum Physics
quantum chromodynamics33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?, 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
quantum electrodynamics33.2 The Four Basic Forces
Quantum gravity34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
quantum mechanical tunneling31.7 Tunneling
Quantum mechanics1.1 Physics: An Introduction, Introduction to Quantum Physics
quantum numbers30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
quarks8.3 Conservation of Momentum, 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
quasars34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
R
rad32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Radar24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
radians6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
radiant energy7.6 Conservation of Energy
radiation14.4 Heat Transfer Methods, 14.7 Radiation
radiation detector31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
radio wavesIntroduction to Electromagnetic Waves, 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
radioactive31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
Radioactive dating31.5 Half-Life and Activity
radioactivity31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
radiolytic products32.4 Food Irradiation
radiopharmaceutical32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
radiotherapy32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
radius of a nucleus31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
radius of curvature6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
range3.4 Projectile Motion
range of radiation31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
rate of conductive heat transfer14.5 Conduction
rate of decay31.5 Half-Life and Activity
ray25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
Ray tracing25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Rayleigh criterion27.6 Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
RC circuit21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
real image25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
reflected light is completely polarized27.8 Polarization
refraction25.3 The Law of Refraction
relative biological effectiveness32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
relative humidity13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
relative osmotic pressure12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
relative velocities3.5 Addition of Velocities
relativistic Doppler effects28.6 Relativistic Energy
Relativistic kinetic energy28.6 Relativistic Energy
Relativistic momentum28.5 Relativistic Momentum
relativistic velocity addition28.4 Relativistic Addition of Velocities
Relativity1.1 Physics: An Introduction, 3.5 Addition of Velocities, 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Renewable forms of energy7.9 World Energy Use
resistance20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits, 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
resistivity20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
resistor21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel, 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
resonance16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
resonant24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
resonant frequency23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
resonate16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
Rest energy28.6 Relativistic Energy
rest mass28.5 Relativistic Momentum
restoring force16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
resultant3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
resultant vector3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
retinex theory of color vision26.3 Color and Color Vision
retinexes26.3 Color and Color Vision
reverse dialysis12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
Reverse osmosis12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
reversible process15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
Reynolds number12.5 The Onset of Turbulence
right hand rule 122.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
right hand rule 222.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
right-hand rule10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
rms current20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
rms voltage20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
rods and cones26.3 Color and Color Vision
roentgen equivalent man32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
rotation angle6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
rotational inertia10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
rotational kinetic energy10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited, 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
RR size 12{R} {} factor14.5 Conduction
Rydberg constant30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom, 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
S
saturation13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
scalar2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems, 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
Schwarzschild radius34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
scientific method1.1 Physics: An Introduction
scintillators31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
screening18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
second1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
second law of motion8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
second law of thermodynamics15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency, 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency, 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
second postulate of special relativity28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Self-inductance23.9 Inductance
semipermeable12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes, 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
series21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
shear deformation5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
shell30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
shielding32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
shock hazard20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body, 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
short circuit20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
shunt resistance21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
SI unit of torque9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
SI units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
sievert32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
significant figures1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
simple circuit20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
Simple Harmonic Motion16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
simple harmonic oscillator16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
simple pendulum16.4 The Simple Pendulum
simplified theory of color vision26.3 Color and Color Vision
single-photon-emission computed tomography(SPECT)32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
slope2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
solenoid22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
Solid-state radiation detectors31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
sonic boom17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
sound17.1 Sound
sound intensity level17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
sound pressure level17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
south magnetic pole22.1 Magnets
space quantization30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
special relativity.28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
specific gravity11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
specific heat14.2 Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
spin projection quantum number30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
spin quantum number30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
spontaneous symmetry breaking34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
stable equilibrium9.3 Stability
Standard Model33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
standing wave16.10 Superposition and Interference, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
static electricityIntroduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
static equilibrium9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium, 9.4 Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
static friction5.1 Friction
statistical analysis15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation14.7 Radiation
step-down transformer23.7 Transformers
step-up transformer23.7 Transformers
Stimulated emission30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Stokes’ law5.2 Drag Forces
strain5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
strange33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
strangeness33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
stress5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
sublimation13.5 Phase Changes, 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
subshell30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
Superconductors34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
supercriticality32.6 Fission
superforce34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
superposition16.10 Superposition and Interference
Superstring theory33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces, 34.3 Superstrings
surface tension11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
synchrotron33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
synchrotron radiation33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
system4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
systolic pressure11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement, 11.9 Pressures in the Body
T
tagged32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
tail3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
tangential acceleration10.1 Angular Acceleration
Television24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Temperature13.1 Temperature
temperature coefficient of resistivity20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
Tensile strength5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
tension4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
terminal speed12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
terminal voltage21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
tesla22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
test charge 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
theory1.1 Physics: An Introduction
theory of quark confinement33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
therapeutic ratio32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
thermal agitation24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
thermal conductivity14.5 Conduction
thermal energy7.5 Nonconservative Forces, 7.6 Conservation of Energy, 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
thermal equilibrium13.1 Temperature
thermal expansion13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
thermal hazard20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body, 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
Thermal stress13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
thin film interference27.7 Thin Film Interference
thin lens25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
thin lens equations25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
thought experiment34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
three-wire system23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
thrust4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
timbre17.6 Hearing
time2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Time dilation28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
TOE epoch34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
tone17.6 Hearing
top33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
Torque9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium, 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
Total energy 28.6 Relativistic Energy
total internal reflection25.4 Total Internal Reflection
trajectory3.4 Projectile Motion
transformer equation23.7 Transformers
Transformers23.7 Transformers
transverse wave16.9 Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
triple point13.5 Phase Changes
Tunneling31.7 Tunneling
turbulence12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
U
ultra high frequency24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
ultracentrifuge6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
ultrasound17.6 Hearing
Ultraviolet (UV) microscopes27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
Ultraviolet radiation29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
ultraviolet radiation (UV)24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
uncertainty1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
uncertainty in energy29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in momentum29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in position29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in time29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
underdamped16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
uniform circular motionIntroduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
units1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
unpolarized27.8 Polarization
unstable equilibrium9.3 Stability
up33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
useful work7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
V
Van de Graaff33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
Van de Graaff generators18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
vapor13.5 Phase Changes
Vapor pressure13.5 Phase Changes
vector2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems, 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
vector addition3.5 Addition of Velocities, 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
vectors3.1 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction, 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
velocity3.5 Addition of Velocities
vertically polarized27.8 Polarization
very high frequency24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
virtual image25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
virtual particles33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
viscosity12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
viscous drag12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
Visible light24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum, 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
voltage19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference, 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
voltage drop21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
Voltmeters21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
W
watt7.7 Power
wave16.9 Waves
wave velocity16.9 Waves
wavelength16.9 Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
wavelength in a medium27.1 The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
wavesIntroduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
weakly interacting massive particles34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
weight4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System, 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
Wheatstone bridge21.5 Null Measurements
WIMPs34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
work7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
work-energy theorem7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem, 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited, 10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
X
x rays29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum, 30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
X-ray24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
x-ray diffraction30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
xerography18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Y
y-intercept2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
Z
Zeeman effect30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
zeroth law of thermodynamics13.1 Temperature
zz size 12{z} {}-component of spin angular momentum30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
zz size 12{z} {}-component of the angular momentum30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
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