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College Physics

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College PhysicsIndex
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. 1 Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
    1. Introduction to Science and the Realm of Physics, Physical Quantities, and Units
    2. 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
    3. 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
    4. 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
    5. 1.4 Approximation
    6. Glossary
    7. Section Summary
    8. Conceptual Questions
    9. Problems & Exercises
  3. 2 Kinematics
    1. Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics
    2. 2.1 Displacement
    3. 2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
    4. 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
    5. 2.4 Acceleration
    6. 2.5 Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
    7. 2.6 Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
    8. 2.7 Falling Objects
    9. 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  4. 3 Two-Dimensional Kinematics
    1. Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics
    2. 3.1 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction
    3. 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
    4. 3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
    5. 3.4 Projectile Motion
    6. 3.5 Addition of Velocities
    7. Glossary
    8. Section Summary
    9. Conceptual Questions
    10. Problems & Exercises
  5. 4 Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
    1. Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
    2. 4.1 Development of Force Concept
    3. 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
    4. 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
    5. 4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces
    6. 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
    7. 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies
    8. 4.7 Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
    9. 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  6. 5 Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
    1. Introduction: Further Applications of Newton’s Laws
    2. 5.1 Friction
    3. 5.2 Drag Forces
    4. 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
    5. Glossary
    6. Section Summary
    7. Conceptual Questions
    8. Problems & Exercises
  7. 6 Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
    1. Introduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
    2. 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
    3. 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
    4. 6.3 Centripetal Force
    5. 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
    6. 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
    7. 6.6 Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  8. 7 Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
    1. Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
    2. 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
    3. 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
    4. 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
    5. 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
    6. 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
    7. 7.6 Conservation of Energy
    8. 7.7 Power
    9. 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
    10. 7.9 World Energy Use
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  9. 8 Linear Momentum and Collisions
    1. Introduction to Linear Momentum and Collisions
    2. 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
    3. 8.2 Impulse
    4. 8.3 Conservation of Momentum
    5. 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
    6. 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
    7. 8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
    8. 8.7 Introduction to Rocket Propulsion
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  10. 9 Statics and Torque
    1. Introduction to Statics and Torque
    2. 9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium
    3. 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
    4. 9.3 Stability
    5. 9.4 Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
    6. 9.5 Simple Machines
    7. 9.6 Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  11. 10 Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
    1. Introduction to Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
    2. 10.1 Angular Acceleration
    3. 10.2 Kinematics of Rotational Motion
    4. 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
    5. 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
    6. 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
    7. 10.6 Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
    8. 10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  12. 11 Fluid Statics
    1. Introduction to Fluid Statics
    2. 11.1 What Is a Fluid?
    3. 11.2 Density
    4. 11.3 Pressure
    5. 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid
    6. 11.5 Pascal’s Principle
    7. 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
    8. 11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
    9. 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
    10. 11.9 Pressures in the Body
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  13. 12 Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
    1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
    2. 12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
    3. 12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
    4. 12.3 The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
    5. 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
    6. 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence
    7. 12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
    8. 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  14. 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
    1. Introduction to Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
    2. 13.1 Temperature
    3. 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
    4. 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
    5. 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
    6. 13.5 Phase Changes
    7. 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  15. 14 Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
    1. Introduction to Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
    2. 14.1 Heat
    3. 14.2 Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
    4. 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
    5. 14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
    6. 14.5 Conduction
    7. 14.6 Convection
    8. 14.7 Radiation
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  16. 15 Thermodynamics
    1. Introduction to Thermodynamics
    2. 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
    3. 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
    4. 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
    5. 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
    6. 15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
    7. 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
    8. 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  17. 16 Oscillatory Motion and Waves
    1. Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
    2. 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
    3. 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
    4. 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
    5. 16.4 The Simple Pendulum
    6. 16.5 Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
    7. 16.6 Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
    8. 16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
    9. 16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
    10. 16.9 Waves
    11. 16.10 Superposition and Interference
    12. 16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity
    13. Glossary
    14. Section Summary
    15. Conceptual Questions
    16. Problems & Exercises
  18. 17 Physics of Hearing
    1. Introduction to the Physics of Hearing
    2. 17.1 Sound
    3. 17.2 Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
    4. 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
    5. 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
    6. 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
    7. 17.6 Hearing
    8. 17.7 Ultrasound
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  19. 18 Electric Charge and Electric Field
    1. Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
    2. 18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
    3. 18.2 Conductors and Insulators
    4. 18.3 Coulomb’s Law
    5. 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
    6. 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
    7. 18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
    8. 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
    9. 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  20. 19 Electric Potential and Electric Field
    1. Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy
    2. 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
    3. 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
    4. 19.3 Electrical Potential Due to a Point Charge
    5. 19.4 Equipotential Lines
    6. 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
    7. 19.6 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
    8. 19.7 Energy Stored in Capacitors
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  21. 20 Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
    1. Introduction to Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
    2. 20.1 Current
    3. 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
    4. 20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
    5. 20.4 Electric Power and Energy
    6. 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
    7. 20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
    8. 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  22. 21 Circuits and DC Instruments
    1. Introduction to Circuits and DC Instruments
    2. 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
    3. 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
    4. 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
    5. 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
    6. 21.5 Null Measurements
    7. 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  23. 22 Magnetism
    1. Introduction to Magnetism
    2. 22.1 Magnets
    3. 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
    4. 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
    5. 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
    6. 22.5 Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field: Examples and Applications
    7. 22.6 The Hall Effect
    8. 22.7 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
    9. 22.8 Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
    10. 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
    11. 22.10 Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
    12. 22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
    13. Glossary
    14. Section Summary
    15. Conceptual Questions
    16. Problems & Exercises
  24. 23 Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
    1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
    2. 23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
    3. 23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
    4. 23.3 Motional Emf
    5. 23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
    6. 23.5 Electric Generators
    7. 23.6 Back Emf
    8. 23.7 Transformers
    9. 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
    10. 23.9 Inductance
    11. 23.10 RL Circuits
    12. 23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
    13. 23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
    14. Glossary
    15. Section Summary
    16. Conceptual Questions
    17. Problems & Exercises
  25. 24 Electromagnetic Waves
    1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves
    2. 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
    3. 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
    4. 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
    5. 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
    6. Glossary
    7. Section Summary
    8. Conceptual Questions
    9. Problems & Exercises
  26. 25 Geometric Optics
    1. Introduction to Geometric Optics
    2. 25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
    3. 25.2 The Law of Reflection
    4. 25.3 The Law of Refraction
    5. 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
    6. 25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms
    7. 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
    8. 25.7 Image Formation by Mirrors
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  27. 26 Vision and Optical Instruments
    1. Introduction to Vision and Optical Instruments
    2. 26.1 Physics of the Eye
    3. 26.2 Vision Correction
    4. 26.3 Color and Color Vision
    5. 26.4 Microscopes
    6. 26.5 Telescopes
    7. 26.6 Aberrations
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  28. 27 Wave Optics
    1. Introduction to Wave Optics
    2. 27.1 The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
    3. 27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
    4. 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
    5. 27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
    6. 27.5 Single Slit Diffraction
    7. 27.6 Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
    8. 27.7 Thin Film Interference
    9. 27.8 Polarization
    10. 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  29. 28 Special Relativity
    1. Introduction to Special Relativity
    2. 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
    3. 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
    4. 28.3 Length Contraction
    5. 28.4 Relativistic Addition of Velocities
    6. 28.5 Relativistic Momentum
    7. 28.6 Relativistic Energy
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  30. 29 Quantum Physics
    1. Introduction to Quantum Physics
    2. 29.1 Quantization of Energy
    3. 29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
    4. 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
    5. 29.4 Photon Momentum
    6. 29.5 The Particle-Wave Duality
    7. 29.6 The Wave Nature of Matter
    8. 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
    9. 29.8 The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed
    10. Glossary
    11. Section Summary
    12. Conceptual Questions
    13. Problems & Exercises
  31. 30 Atomic Physics
    1. Introduction to Atomic Physics
    2. 30.1 Discovery of the Atom
    3. 30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
    4. 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
    5. 30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
    6. 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
    7. 30.6 The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
    8. 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
    9. 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
    10. 30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
    11. Glossary
    12. Section Summary
    13. Conceptual Questions
    14. Problems & Exercises
  32. 31 Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
    1. Introduction to Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
    2. 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
    3. 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
    4. 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
    5. 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
    6. 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
    7. 31.6 Binding Energy
    8. 31.7 Tunneling
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  33. 32 Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics
    1. Introduction to Applications of Nuclear Physics
    2. 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
    3. 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
    4. 32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
    5. 32.4 Food Irradiation
    6. 32.5 Fusion
    7. 32.6 Fission
    8. 32.7 Nuclear Weapons
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  34. 33 Particle Physics
    1. Introduction to Particle Physics
    2. 33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
    3. 33.2 The Four Basic Forces
    4. 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
    5. 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
    6. 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
    7. 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
    8. Glossary
    9. Section Summary
    10. Conceptual Questions
    11. Problems & Exercises
  35. 34 Frontiers of Physics
    1. Introduction to Frontiers of Physics
    2. 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
    3. 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
    4. 34.3 Superstrings
    5. 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
    6. 34.5 Complexity and Chaos
    7. 34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
    8. 34.7 Some Questions We Know to Ask
    9. Glossary
    10. Section Summary
    11. Conceptual Questions
    12. Problems & Exercises
  36. A | Atomic Masses
  37. B | Selected Radioactive Isotopes
  38. C | Useful Information
  39. D | Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation
  40. Index
Symbols
(peak) emf 23.5 Electric Generators
A
aberrations 26.6 Aberrations
absolute pressure 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
absolute zero 13.1 Temperature
AC current 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
AC voltage 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
acceleration 2.4 Acceleration, 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
acceleration due to gravity 2.7 Falling Objects
accommodation 26.1 Physics of the Eye
Accuracy 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
acoustic impedance 17.7 Ultrasound
active transport 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
activity 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
adaptive optics 26.5 Telescopes
adhesive forces 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
adiabatic 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
air resistance 3.4 Projectile Motion
alpha 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
alpha decay 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Alternating current 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
ammeters 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
ampere 20.1 Current
Ampere’s law 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
amplitude 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
amplitude modulation 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Analog meters 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
Analytical methods 3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
Anger camera 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
angular acceleration 10.1 Angular Acceleration
angular magnification 26.5 Telescopes
angular momentum 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
angular momentum quantum number 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
angular velocity 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
antielectron 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
antimatter 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
antinode 16.10 Superposition and Interference, 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
approximations 1.4 Approximation
arc length 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
Archimedes’ principle 11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
astigmatism 26.2 Vision Correction
atom 30.1 Discovery of the Atom
atomic de-excitation 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
atomic excitation 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
atomic mass 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
atomic number 30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle, 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
atomic spectra 29.1 Quantization of Energy
average acceleration 2 Section Summary
Average Acceleration 2.4 Acceleration
Average speed 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Average velocity 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Avogadro’s number 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
axions 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
axis of a polarizing filter 27.8 Polarization
B
B-field 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
back emf 23.6 Back Emf
banked curves 6.3 Centripetal Force
barrier penetration 31.7 Tunneling
baryon number 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
Baryons 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
basal metabolic rate 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
beat frequency 16.10 Superposition and Interference
becquerel 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Bernoulli’s equation 12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
Bernoulli’s principle 12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
beta 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
beta decay 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Big Bang 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
binding energy 29.2 The Photoelectric Effect, 31.6 Binding Energy
binding energy per nucleon 31.6 Binding Energy
bioelectricity 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
Biot-Savart law 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
birefringent 27.8 Polarization
Black holes 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
blackbodies 29.1 Quantization of Energy
blackbody radiation 29.1 Quantization of Energy
Bohr radius 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
Boltzmann constant 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
boson 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
bottom 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
bow wake 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
break-even 32.5 Fusion
breeder reactors 32.6 Fission
breeding 32.6 Fission
bremsstrahlung 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Brewster’s angle 27.8 Polarization
Brewster’s law 27.8 Polarization
bridge devices 21.5 Null Measurements
Brownian motion 30.1 Discovery of the Atom
buoyant force 11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
C
capacitance 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics, 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
capacitive reactance 23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
capacitor 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics, 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
capillary action 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
carbon-14 dating 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Carnot cycle 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
Carnot efficiency 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
Carnot engine 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
carrier particles 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
carrier wave 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
cathode-ray tubes 30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
Celsius 13.1 Temperature
center of gravity 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
center of mass 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
centrifugal force 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
centrifuge 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
centripetal acceleration 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
centripetal force 6.3 Centripetal Force
change in angular velocity 10.1 Angular Acceleration
change in entropy 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
change in momentum 8.2 Impulse
Chaos 34.5 Complexity and Chaos
characteristic time constant 23.10 RL Circuits
characteristic x rays 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
charm 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
chart of the nuclides 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
chemical energy 7.6 Conservation of Energy
classical physics 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
Classical relativity 3.5 Addition of Velocities
coefficient of linear expansion 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
coefficient of performance 15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
coefficient of volume expansion 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
coherent 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
cohesive forces 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
Colliding beams 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
color 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
color constancy 26.3 Color and Color Vision
commutative 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 3 Section Summary
complexity 34.5 Complexity and Chaos
components 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
compound microscope 26.4 Microscopes
Compton effect 29.4 Photon Momentum
Conduction 14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
conductor 18.2 Conductors and Insulators
Conductors 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
confocal microscopes 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
conservation laws 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
Conservation of energy Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
conservation of mechanical energy 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
conservation of momentum principle 8.3 Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of total 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservation of total baryon number 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservation of total L μ L μ size 12{L rSub { size 8{μ} } } {} 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
conservative force 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
constructive interference 16.10 Superposition and Interference
constructive interference for a diffraction grating 27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
constructive interference for a double slit 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
contact angle 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
Contrast 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
Convection 14.4 Heat Transfer Methods
converging (or convex) lens 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
conversion factor 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Coriolis force 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
corner reflector 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
correspondence principle Introduction to Quantum Physics
cosmic microwave background 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
cosmological constant 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
cosmological red shift 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Cosmology 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Coulomb force 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
Coulomb forces 18.3 Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb interaction 18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
Coulomb’s law 18.3 Coulomb’s Law
critical angle 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
Critical damping 16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
critical density 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
critical mass 32.6 Fission
critical point 13.5 Phase Changes
Critical pressure 13.5 Phase Changes
critical temperature 13.5 Phase Changes, 34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
criticality 32.6 Fission
curie 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Curie temperature 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
current 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
Current sensitivity 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
cyclical process 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
cyclotron 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
D
Dalton’s law of partial pressures 13.5 Phase Changes
dark matter 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
daughters 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
de Broglie wavelength 29.6 The Wave Nature of Matter
decay 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
decay constant 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
decay equation 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws, 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
decay series 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
deceleration 2.4 Acceleration
defibrillator 19.7 Energy Stored in Capacitors
deformation 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain, 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
degree Celsius 13.1 Temperature
degree Fahrenheit 13.1 Temperature
Density 11.2 Density
dependent variable 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
derived units 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
destructive interference 16.10 Superposition and Interference
destructive interference for a double slit 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
destructive interference for a single slit 27.5 Single Slit Diffraction
dew point 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
dialysis 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
diastolic pressure 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement, 11.9 Pressures in the Body
dielectric 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
dielectric strengths 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
diffraction 27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
diffraction grating 27.4 Multiple Slit Diffraction
Diffusion 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
digital meters 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
dipole 18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
Direct current 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
direction 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
direction of magnetic field lines 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
direction of polarization 27.8 Polarization
Dispersion 25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms
displacement 2.1 Displacement
Distance 2.1 Displacement
Distance traveled 2.1 Displacement
diverging lens 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
domains 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Doppler effect 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Doppler shift 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Doppler-shifted ultrasound 17.7 Ultrasound
Double-slit interference 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
down 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
drag force 5.2 Drag Forces
drift velocity 20.1 Current
dynamic equilibrium 9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium
Dynamics Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion, 4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4 Section Summary
E
eddy current 23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
efficiency 7.6 Conservation of Energy
Elapsed time 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
elastic collision 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension, 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
elastic potential energy 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
electric and magnetic fields 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
electric charge 18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
electric current 20.1 Current
electric field 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
Electric field lines 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
electric field strength 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
electric fields 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
Electric generators 23.5 Electric Generators
electric potential 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
electric power 20.4 Electric Power and Energy
Electrical energy 7.6 Conservation of Energy
electrocardiogram (ECG) 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
electromagnetic force Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
electromagnetic induction 23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
electromagnetic waves Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetism 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
electromagnets 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
electromotive force 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
Electron capture 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron capture equation 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron family number 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
electron volt 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
electron’s antineutrino 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electron’s neutrino 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
electrons 18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
electrostatic equilibrium 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
electrostatic force 18.3 Coulomb’s Law
electrostatic precipitators 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Electrostatic repulsion 18.2 Conductors and Insulators
electrostatics 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
electroweak epoch 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
electroweak theory 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
emf 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
emf induced in a generator coil 23.5 Electric Generators
emissivity 14.7 Radiation
endoscope 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
energies of hydrogen-like atoms 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
energy Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
energy stored in an inductor 23.9 Inductance
energy-level diagram 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
English units 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
entropy 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
equipotential lines 19.4 Equipotential Lines
escape velocity 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
event horizon 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
external force 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
external forces 4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4 Section Summary
Extremely low frequency (ELF) 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
eyepiece 26.4 Microscopes
F
Fahrenheit 13.1 Temperature
far point 26.2 Vision Correction
Faraday cage 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
Faraday’s law of induction 23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
Farsightedness 26.2 Vision Correction
fermion 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
ferromagnetic 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Feynman diagram 33.2 The Four Basic Forces
Fiber optics 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
fictitious force 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
fine structure 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
first law of thermodynamics 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
first postulate of special relativity 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
fission fragments 32.6 Fission
flat (zero curvature) universe 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
flavors 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
Flow rate 12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
fluid dynamics Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
fluids 11.1 What Is a Fluid?
Fluorescence 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
focal length 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
focal point 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Food irradiation 32.4 Food Irradiation
force 4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4 Section Summary
force constant 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
force field 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction, 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction, 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
fossil fuels 7.9 World Energy Use
free charges 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
free electrons 18.2 Conductors and Insulators
free radicals 32.4 Food Irradiation
free-body diagram 4.1 Development of Force Concept, 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies, 4 Section Summary
free-fall 2.7 Falling Objects, 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
Frequency 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
frequency modulation 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
friction 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System, 5.1 Friction, 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
full-scale deflection 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
fundamental 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
fundamental frequency 16.10 Superposition and Interference
fundamental particle 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
fundamental units 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
G
galvanometer 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
gamma 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
gamma camera 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
Gamma decay 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
gamma ray 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Gamma rays 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
gauge bosons 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
gauge pressure 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
gauss 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
Geiger tube 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
general relativity 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
geometric optics 25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
glaucoma 11.9 Pressures in the Body
gluons 33.2 The Four Basic Forces, 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
Grand Unified Theory (GUT) 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
gravitational constant 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
gravitational potential energy 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational waves 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
gray (Gy) 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
greenhouse effect 14.7 Radiation
grounded 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
grounding 19.4 Equipotential Lines
GUT epoch 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
H
Hadrons 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
half-life 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
Hall effect 22.6 The Hall Effect
Hall emf 22.6 The Hall Effect
harmonics 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
head 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
head-to-tail method 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 3 Section Summary
Hearing 17.1 Sound, 17.6 Hearing
heat 14.1 Heat
heat engine 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
heat of sublimation 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
heat pump’s coefficient of performance 15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
heat transfer Introduction to Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
Heisenberg uncertainty principle 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
henry 23.9 Inductance
Higgs boson 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
high dose 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
hologram 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Holography 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Hooke’s law 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
horizontally polarized 27.8 Polarization
Hormesis 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
horsepower 7.7 Power
Hubble constant 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
hues 26.3 Color and Color Vision
Human metabolism 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Huygens’s principle 27.2 Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
Hydrogen spectrum wavelength 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hydrogen-like atom 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hydrogen-spectrum wavelengths 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
hyperopia 26.2 Vision Correction
I
ideal banking 6.3 Centripetal Force
ideal gas law 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
Ignition 32.5 Fusion
Image distance 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
impedance 23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
impulse 8.2 Impulse
Incoherent 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
independent variable 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
index of refraction 25.3 The Law of Refraction
inductance 23.9 Inductance
induction 18.2 Conductors and Insulators, Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
inductive reactance 23.11 Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
inductor 23.9 Inductance
inelastic collision 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
inertia 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4 Section Summary
inertial confinement 32.5 Fusion
inertial frame of reference 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces, 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
inflationary scenario 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
Infrared radiation 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infrared radiation (IR) 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
infrasound 17.6 Hearing
ink jet printer 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Instantaneous acceleration 2.4 Acceleration
Instantaneous speed 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Instantaneous velocity 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
insulators 18.2 Conductors and Insulators
intensity 16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity, 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level, 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
intensity reflection coefficient 17.7 Ultrasound
Interference microscopes 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
internal energy 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Internal kinetic energy 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension, 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
internal resistance 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
intraocular pressure 11.9 Pressures in the Body
intrinsic magnetic field 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
intrinsic spin 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
ionizing radiation 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum, 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
ionosphere 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
irreversible process 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
isobaric process 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isochoric 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isolated system 8.3 Conservation of Momentum
isothermal 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
isotopes 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
J
joule 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
Joule’s law 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
junction rule 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
K
Kelvin 13.1 Temperature
kilocalorie 14.1 Heat
kilogram 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
kilowatt-hours 7.7 Power
kinematics Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics, 3.4 Projectile Motion
kinematics of rotational motion 10.2 Kinematics of Rotational Motion
kinetic energy 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
kinetic friction 5.1 Friction
Kirchhoff’s rules 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
L
Laminar 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
laser 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Laser printers 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Laser vision correction 26.2 Vision Correction
latent heat coefficients 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
law 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
law of conservation of angular momentum 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
law of conservation of charge 18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
law of conservation of energy 7.6 Conservation of Energy
law of inertia 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4 Section Summary
law of refraction 25.3 The Law of Refraction
Length contraction 28.3 Length Contraction
Lenz’s law 23.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
leptons 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
linear accelerator 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
linear hypothesis 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Linear momentum 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
liquid drop model 32.6 Fission
liter 12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
longitudinal wave 16.9 Waves
loop rule 21.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
Lorentz force 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
loudness 17.6 Hearing
low dose 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
M
MACHOs 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
macrostate 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
magic numbers 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
magnetic confinement 32.5 Fusion
magnetic damping 23.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
magnetic field 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
magnetic field lines 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines, 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
magnetic field strength (magnitude) produced by a long straight current-carrying wire 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic field strength inside a solenoid 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
magnetic flux 23.1 Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
magnetic force 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
magnetic monopoles 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnetized 22.2 Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
magnetocardiogram (MCG) 22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnetoencephalogram (MEG) 22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
magnification 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
magnitude 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
magnitude of kinetic friction f k f k size 12{f rSub { size 8{k} } } {} 5.1 Friction
magnitude of static friction f s f s size 12{f rSub { size 8{s} } } {} 5.1 Friction
magnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
mass 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4 Section Summary
mass number 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
massive compact halo objects 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
maximum field strength 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell’s equations 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law, 24.1 Maxwell’s Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
mechanical advantage 9.5 Simple Machines
mechanical energy 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
mechanical equivalent of heat 14.1 Heat
meson 33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
Mesons 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
metabolic rate 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
metastable 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
meter 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Meters 22.8 Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
method of adding percents 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
metric system 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Michelson-Morley experiment 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Microgravity 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
microlensing 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
microshock sensitive 20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
microstate 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
Microwaves 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum, 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
micturition reflex 11.9 Pressures in the Body
model 1.1 Physics: An Introduction, 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
moderate dose 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Modern physics 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
mole 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
moment of inertia 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia, 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
motion 3.4 Projectile Motion
Motors 22.8 Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
muon family number 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
Mutual inductance 23.9 Inductance
myopia 26.2 Vision Correction
N
natural frequency 16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
near point 26.2 Vision Correction
Nearsightedness 26.2 Vision Correction
negatively curved 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
Nerve conduction 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
net external force 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
net rate of heat transfer by radiation 14.7 Radiation
neutral equilibrium 9.3 Stability
neutralinos 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
neutrino 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
neutrino oscillations 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
neutron 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
Neutron stars 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
Neutron-induced fission 32.6 Fission
newton 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
newton-meters 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
Newton’s first law of motion 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia, 4 Section Summary
Newton’s second law of motion 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
Newton’s third law of motion 4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces, 4 Section Summary
Newton’s universal law of gravitation 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
node 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
Nodes 16.10 Superposition and Interference
non-inertial frame of reference 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
nonconservative force 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
normal force 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
north magnetic pole 22.1 Magnets
notes 17.6 Hearing
Nuclear energy 7.6 Conservation of Energy
Nuclear fission 32.6 Fission
Nuclear fusion 32.5 Fusion
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 22.11 More Applications of Magnetism
nuclear radiation 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
nuclear reaction energy 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
nucleons 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
nuclide 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
Null measurements 21.5 Null Measurements
numerical aperture (NA) (NA) 26.4 Microscopes
O
objective lens 26.4 Microscopes
ohm 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
Ohm’s law 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits, 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
ohmic 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
ohmmeters 21.5 Null Measurements
optically active 27.8 Polarization
orbital angular momentum 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
orbital magnetic field 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
order 27.3 Young’s Double Slit Experiment
order of magnitude 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
oscillate Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
Osmosis 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
osmotic pressure 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
Otto cycle 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
overdamped 16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
overtones 16.10 Superposition and Interference, 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
P
parallel 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
parallel plate capacitor 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
parent 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
Partial pressure 13.5 Phase Changes
Particle physics Introduction to Particle Physics
particle-wave duality 29.5 The Particle-Wave Duality, 29.8 The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed
Pascal’s principle 11.5 Pascal’s Principle
Pauli exclusion principle 30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
percent relative humidity 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
percent uncertainty 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
perfectly inelastic collision 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
period 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
periodic motion 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
permeability of free space 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
perpendicular lever arm 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
phase angle 23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
phase diagrams 13.5 Phase Changes
phase-contrast microscope 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
phon 17.6 Hearing
Phosphorescence 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
photoconductor 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
photoelectric effect 29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
photomultiplier 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
photon 29.2 The Photoelectric Effect, 29.4 Photon Momentum
photon energy 29.2 The Photoelectric Effect
photon momentum 29.4 Photon Momentum
physical quantity 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
Physics 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
pion 33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
pit 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
pitch 17.2 Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength, 17.6 Hearing
Planck’s constant 29.1 Quantization of Energy
planetary model of the atom 30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
point charge 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
point masses 8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
Poiseuille’s law 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
Poiseuille’s law for resistance 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
polar molecule 18.6 Electric Forces in Biology, 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
polarization 18.2 Conductors and Insulators, 27.8 Polarization
polarization microscope 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
polarized 18.7 Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium, 27.8 Polarization
population inversion 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
position 2.1 Displacement
positively curved 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
positron 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
positron decay 31.4 Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
positron emission tomography (PET) 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
potential difference 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference, 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
potential energy 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
potential energy of a spring 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
potentiometer 21.5 Null Measurements
power 7.7 Power, 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
power factor 23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
precision 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
presbyopia 26.1 Physics of the Eye
pressure 11.3 Pressure, 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid, 11.5 Pascal’s Principle
probability distribution 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
projectile 3.4 Projectile Motion
Projectile motion 3.4 Projectile Motion
Proper length 28.3 Length Contraction
Proper time 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
proton-proton cycle 32.5 Fusion
protons 18.1 Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge, 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
PV diagram 13.5 Phase Changes
Q
quality factor 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
quantized Introduction to Quantum Physics
quantum chromodynamics 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?, 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
quantum electrodynamics 33.2 The Four Basic Forces
Quantum gravity 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
quantum mechanical tunneling 31.7 Tunneling
Quantum mechanics 1.1 Physics: An Introduction, Introduction to Quantum Physics
quantum numbers 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
quarks 8.3 Conservation of Momentum, 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
quasars 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
R
rad 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Radar 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
radians 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
radiant energy 7.6 Conservation of Energy
radiation 14.4 Heat Transfer Methods, 14.7 Radiation
radiation detector 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
radio waves Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves, 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
radioactive 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
Radioactive dating 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
radioactivity 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
radiolytic products 32.4 Food Irradiation
radiopharmaceutical 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
radiotherapy 32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
radius of a nucleus 31.3 Substructure of the Nucleus
radius of curvature 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
range 3.4 Projectile Motion
range of radiation 31.1 Nuclear Radioactivity
rate of conductive heat transfer 14.5 Conduction
rate of decay 31.5 Half-Life and Activity
ray 25.1 The Ray Aspect of Light
Ray tracing 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
Rayleigh criterion 27.6 Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
RC circuit 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
real image 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
reflected light is completely polarized 27.8 Polarization
refraction 25.3 The Law of Refraction
relative biological effectiveness 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
relative humidity 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
relative osmotic pressure 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
relative velocities 3.5 Addition of Velocities
relativistic Doppler effects 28 Section Summary
Relativistic kinetic energy 28.6 Relativistic Energy
Relativistic momentum 28.5 Relativistic Momentum
relativistic velocity addition 28.4 Relativistic Addition of Velocities
Relativity 1.1 Physics: An Introduction, 3.5 Addition of Velocities, 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Renewable forms of energy 7.9 World Energy Use
resistance 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits, 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
resistivity 20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
resistor 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel, 21.6 DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
resonance 16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
resonant 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
resonant frequency 23.12 RLC Series AC Circuits
resonate 16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
Rest energy 28.6 Relativistic Energy
rest mass 28.5 Relativistic Momentum
restoring force 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
resultant 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
resultant vector 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
retinex theory of color vision 26.3 Color and Color Vision
retinexes 26.3 Color and Color Vision
reverse dialysis 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
Reverse osmosis 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
reversible process 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
Reynolds number 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence
right hand rule 1 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
right hand rule 2 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
right-hand rule 10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
rms current 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
rms voltage 20.5 Alternating Current versus Direct Current
rods and cones 26.3 Color and Color Vision
roentgen equivalent man 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
rotation angle 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
rotational inertia 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
rotational kinetic energy 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited, 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
R R size 12{R} {} factor 14.5 Conduction
Rydberg constant 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom, 30.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
S
saturation 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
scalar 2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems, 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
Schwarzschild radius 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
scientific method 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
scintillators 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
screening 18.6 Electric Forces in Biology
second 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
second law of motion 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
second law of thermodynamics 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency, 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency, 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
second postulate of special relativity 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
Self-inductance 23.9 Inductance
semipermeable 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes, 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
series 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
shear deformation 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
shell 30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
shielding 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
shock hazard 20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body, 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
short circuit 20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body
shunt resistance 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
SI unit of torque 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
SI units 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
sievert 32.2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
significant figures 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
simple circuit 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
Simple Harmonic Motion 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
simple harmonic oscillator 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
simple pendulum 16.4 The Simple Pendulum
simplified theory of color vision 26.3 Color and Color Vision
single-photon-emission computed tomography(SPECT) 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
slope 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
solenoid 22.9 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
Solid-state radiation detectors 31.2 Radiation Detection and Detectors
sonic boom 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
sound 17.1 Sound
sound intensity level 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
sound pressure level 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
south magnetic pole 22.1 Magnets
space quantization 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
special relativity. 28.1 Einstein’s Postulates
specific gravity 11.7 Archimedes’ Principle
specific heat 14.2 Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
spin projection quantum number 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
spin quantum number 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
spontaneous symmetry breaking 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
stable equilibrium 9.3 Stability
Standard Model 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces
standing wave 16.10 Superposition and Interference, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
static electricity Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
static equilibrium 9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium, 9.4 Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
static friction 5.1 Friction
statistical analysis 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation 14.7 Radiation
step-down transformer 23.7 Transformers
step-up transformer 23.7 Transformers
Stimulated emission 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
Stokes’ law 5.2 Drag Forces
strain 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
strange 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
strangeness 33.4 Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
stress 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
sublimation 13.5 Phase Changes, 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
subshell 30.9 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
Superconductors 34.6 High-temperature Superconductors
supercriticality 32.6 Fission
superforce 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
superposition 16.10 Superposition and Interference
Superstring theory 33.6 GUTs: The Unification of Forces, 34.3 Superstrings
surface tension 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
synchrotron 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
synchrotron radiation 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
system 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
systolic pressure 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement, 11.9 Pressures in the Body
T
tagged 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
tail 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
tangential acceleration 10.1 Angular Acceleration
Television 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Temperature 13.1 Temperature
temperature coefficient of resistivity 20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
Tensile strength 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
tension 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
terminal speed 12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
terminal voltage 21.2 Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
tesla 22.4 Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
test charge 18.4 Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
theory 1.1 Physics: An Introduction
theory of quark confinement 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
therapeutic ratio 32.3 Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation
thermal agitation 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
thermal conductivity 14.5 Conduction
thermal energy 7.5 Nonconservative Forces, 7.6 Conservation of Energy, 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
thermal equilibrium 13.1 Temperature
thermal expansion 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
thermal hazard 20.6 Electric Hazards and the Human Body, 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
Thermal stress 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
thin film interference 27.7 Thin Film Interference
thin lens 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
thin lens equations 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
thought experiment 34.2 General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
three-wire system 23.8 Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
thrust 4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces, 4 Section Summary
timbre 17.6 Hearing
time 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
Time dilation 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation
TOE epoch 34.1 Cosmology and Particle Physics
tone 17.6 Hearing
top 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
Torque 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium, 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
Total energy 28.6 Relativistic Energy
total internal reflection 25.4 Total Internal Reflection
trajectory 3.4 Projectile Motion
transformer equation 23.7 Transformers
Transformers 23.7 Transformers
transverse wave 16.9 Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
triple point 13.5 Phase Changes
Tunneling 31.7 Tunneling
turbulence 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
U
ultra high frequency 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
ultracentrifuge 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
ultrasound 17.6 Hearing
Ultraviolet (UV) microscopes 27.9 *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
Ultraviolet radiation 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
ultraviolet radiation (UV) 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
uncertainty 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
uncertainty in energy 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in momentum 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in position 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in time 29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
underdamped 16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
uniform circular motion Introduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
units 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units
unpolarized 27.8 Polarization
unstable equilibrium 9.3 Stability
up 33.5 Quarks: Is That All There Is?
useful work 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
V
Van de Graaff 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
Van de Graaff generators 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
vapor 13.5 Phase Changes
Vapor pressure 13.5 Phase Changes
vector 2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems, 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods, 19.2 Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
vector addition 3.5 Addition of Velocities, 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
vectors 3.1 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction, 18.5 Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
velocity 3.5 Addition of Velocities
vertically polarized 27.8 Polarization
very high frequency 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
virtual image 25.6 Image Formation by Lenses
virtual particles 33.1 The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
viscosity 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
viscous drag 12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
Visible light 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum, 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
voltage 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference, 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
voltage drop 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
Voltmeters 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
W
watt 7.7 Power
wave 16.9 Waves
wave velocity 16.9 Waves
wavelength 16.9 Waves, 24.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
wavelength in a medium 27.1 The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
waves Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
weakly interacting massive particles 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
weight 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System, 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
Wheatstone bridge 21.5 Null Measurements
WIMPs 34.4 Dark Matter and Closure
work 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
work-energy theorem 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem, 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited, 10 Section Summary
X
x rays 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum, 30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
X-ray 24.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
x-ray diffraction 30.4 X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
xerography 18.8 Applications of Electrostatics
Y
y-intercept 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
Z
Zeeman effect 30.7 Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
zeroth law of thermodynamics 13.1 Temperature
z z size 12{z} {} -component of spin angular momentum 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
z z size 12{z} {} -component of the angular momentum 30.8 Quantum Numbers and Rules
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