Iwona Bodys-Cupak, dr hab. n. o zdr.; Anna Felińczak, dr n. med.; Iwona Malinowska-Lipień, dr hab.; Monika Michalak, dr n. o zdr.; Mirosława Noppenberg, dr n. o zdr.; ​​Lucyna Płaszewska-Żywko, dr n. med.; Lucyna Ścisło, dr hab. n. med. i n. o zdr.; Emerald Charity Bilbrew; Jody Vogelzang; Kelli Whittington

Rozdział 1 Zasady zdrowego odżywiania i stylu życia oraz proces opieki żywieniowej

Arends J. i in. (2017). ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clin Nutr. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.015.

Barazzoni, R., Deutz, N.E., Biolo, G., i in. (2020). Carbohydrates and insulin resistance in clinical nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clinical Nutrition, 39(4), 1005–1016.

Biotechnologia.pl (2021). Modelowa opieka żywieniowa nad pacjentem musi polegać na współpracy różnych członków systemu.

Cederholm, T., Jensen, G.L., Correia, M. I. T. D., i in. (2020). GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clinical Nutrition, 39(3), 735–747.

ESPEN. (2019). ESPEN Guidelines on Clinical Nutrition in Geriatrics. Clinical Nutrition, 38(1), 10–47.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), & World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Sustainable healthy diets – Guiding principles. Rome.

Gajewska, D., i Myszkowska‑Ryciak, J. (red.). (2022). Żywienie człowieka zdrowego i chorego. Warszawa: PZWL.

Guigoz, Y., & Vellas, B. (2021). The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA): Review of the literature—What does it tell us? Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 25(2), 173–181.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2018). Healthy Eating Plate & Healthy Eating Pyramid.

Jarosz M. (2019). Piramida Zdrowego Żywienia i Stylu Życia Dzieci i Młodzieży. Narodowe Centrum Edukacji Żywieniowej.

Jarosz, M., Rychlik, E., Stoś, K., i in. (2020). Normy żywienia dla populacji Polski i ich zastosowanie. Warszawa: Instytut Żywności i Żywienia.

Kazimierska I., (2021), Opieka żywieniowa powinna być integralnym elementem terapii, Termedia.

Kłęk, S., Budnik-Szymoniuk, M., Cebulski, W., i in. (2019). Standardy żywienia dojelitowego i pozajelitowego. Kraków: Krakowskie Wydawnictwo Scientifica.

Kowalska, K. (2021). Żywienie a choroby cywilizacyjne. Warszawa: PZWL.

Narodowe Centrum Edukacji Żywieniowej. (2022). Talerz zdrowego żywienia.

Ostrowska, J., i Jeznach-Steinhagen, A. (2017). Niedożywienie szpitalne. Metody oceny stanu odżywienia. Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej, 2, 54–61.

Ostrowska, L., Orywal, K., i Stefańska, E. (2023). Diagnostyka laboratoryjna w dietetyce (wyd. 2). Warszawa: PZWL.

Socha, P., Socha, J., Gruszfeld, i in.. (2021). Guidelines on nutrition of healthy infants. Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria, 18, 805–828.

Sobotka, L. (red.). (2017). Podstawy żywienia klinicznego. Kraków: Krakowskie Wydawnictwo Scientifica.

Ścisło, L. (2019). Żywienie w profilaktyce i leczeniu ran. Ocena stanu odżywienia. W: Szewczyk, M.,T. i Jawień, A. (red.). Leczenie ran przewlekłych (wyd. 2, s. 45-47). Warszawa: PZWL.

Ścisło, L. (2022). Bezpieczeństwo terapii żywieniowej. W: Noppenberg, M., Bodys-Cupak, I., i Kózka, M. (red.), Bezpieczeństwo pacjenta w opiece zdrowotnej (s. 199–211). Warszawa: PZWL.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2019). MyPlate.

Volkert, D., Beck, A. M., Cederholm, T., i in. (2019). ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clinical Nutrition, 38(1), 10–47.

Wambogo, E.A., Ansai, N., Wang, C.-Y., i Ahluwalia, N. (2022). Awareness of the MyPlate Plan Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–March 2020. National Health Statistics Reports, (178).

World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Healthy diet.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Obesity and overweight.

Zimmer, M., Sieroszewski, P., Oszukowski, P. i in. (2020). Rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologów i Położników dotyczące suplementacji u kobiet ciężarnych. Ginekologia i Perinatologia Praktyczna, 5(4), 170–181.

Rozdział 2 Edukacja żywieniowa pacjenta jako element opieki pielęgniarskiej

Anderson, M., Vogels, E., Perrin, A, & Rainie, L. (2022). Connection, creativity and drama: Teen life on social media in2022. Pew Research Center.

Arsenault, J. E., Moursi, M., Olney, D. K., Becquey, E., & Ganaba, R. (2020). Validation of 24‐h dietary recall for estimating nutrient intakes and adequacy in adolescents in Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16(4), e13014.

Bajcar, E. A., Abramciów, R. Zachowania zdrowotne – rola zmiennych poznawczych w procesie formowania intencji zmiany zachowania. Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych 2011, 64, 175-185.

Ciechaniewicz W.: Pedagogiczne aspekty pracy z pacjentem i jego rodziną. W: Pedagogika. Red. W. Ciechaniewicz. PZWL, Warszawa 2008, s. 299.

Edukacja zdrowotna w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej. E-book dla edukatora. Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia, 2022.

Gołdys R.: Jak dbać o zdrowie skutecznie. Sprawdzone metody wsparcia pacjenta. Dietetycy.org.pl (aktualizacja 13.02.2021; data dostępu 1.06.2025).

Lee, M. K., & Chung, W. J. (2021). Relationship between symptoms and both stage of change in adopting a healthy life style and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19, 148.

Mayo Clinic. (2022a). Teens and social media use: What’s the impact? Retrieved from:

Nakabayashi, J., Melo, G. R., & Toral, N. (2020). Transtheoretical model-based nutritional interventions in adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1).

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020, August). Healthy people 2030: Social Determinants of Health.

Patient Education Practice Guidelines for Health Care Professionals. Health Care Education Association, Wisconsin, USA 2021.

Płaszewska-Żywko L.: Bezpieczeństwo pacjentów z różnych kręgów kulturowych W: Mirosława Noppenberg, Iwona Bodys-Cupak, Maria Kózka (red.): Bezpieczeństwo pacjenta w opiece zdrowotnej. PZWL, Warszawa 2022, str.320-337.

Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., Rossi, J. S., Goldstein, M. G., Marcus, B. H., Rakowski, W., … Rossi, S. R. Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors. Health Psychology, 1994, 13(1), 39–46.

Prochaska, J.O. Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. In: Gellman, M.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer 2020

Transteoretyczny model zmiany (data dostępu: 1.06.2025; aktualizacja 10.02.2025)

Rozdział 3 Odżywianie a zdrowie układu nerwowego

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Berkins, S., Schiöth, H. B., & Rukh, G. (2021). Depression and vegetarians: Association between dietary vitamin B₆, B₁₂ and folate intake and global and subcortical brain volumes. Nutrients, 13(6), 1790.

Bhat, Z., Morton, J., Mason, S., Bekhit, A., & Bhat, H. (2019). Obesity and neurological disorders: Dietary perspective of a global menace. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(8), 1294–1310.

Borshchev, Y., Uspensky, P., & Galagudza, M. (2019). Pathogenetic pathways of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in metabolic syndrome, Life Sciences, 237.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 3). Assessing your weight.

Choi, S., Hong, D., Young Choi, B., & Won Suh, S. (2020). Zinc in the brain, friend or foe? International Journal of Molecular Science, 21(23), 8941.

Chugani, H. (2021). Hypermetabolism on pediatric PET scans of brain glucose metabolism: What does it signify? Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 62(9), 1301–1306.

D’Angelo, S. (2020). Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on brain health. Current Nutrition and Food Science, 16(8), 1170–1182.

Dalbeth N, Ames R, Gamble GD, Horne A, Wong S, Kuhn-Sherlock B, MacGibbon A, McQueen FM, Reid IR, Palmano K. Effects of skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide and G600 milk fat extract on frequency of gout flares: a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Jun;71(6):929-34. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200156. Epub 2012 Jan 23. PMID: 22275296.

Davie JR. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate. J Nutr. 2003 Jul;133(7 Suppl):2485S-2493S. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.7.2485S. PMID: 12840228.

Dighriri I. M., Alsubaie, A. M., Hakami, F. M., Hamithi, D. M., Alshekh, M. M., Khobrani, F. A., Dalak, F. E., Hakami, A. A., Alsueaadi, E. H., Alsaawi, L. S., Alshammari, S. F., Alqahtani, A. S., Alawi, I. A., Aljuaid, A. A., & Tawhari, M. Q. (2022). Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain functions: A systematic review. Cureus 14(10), e30091.

Dowis, K., & Banga, S. (2021). The potential health benefits of the ketogenic diet: A narrative review. Nutrients, 13(5), 1654.

Farag, M. A., Hamouda, S., Gomaa, S., Agboluaje, A., Hariri, M., & Yousof, S. (2021). Dietary micronutrients from zygote to senility: Updated review of minerals’ role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutrients, 13(11), 3740.

Farruggia, M. C., & Small, D. M. (2019). Effects of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction on cognition: A review. Physiology & Behavior, 208, 112578.

Figueroa CA, Rosen CJ. Parkinson's disease and osteoporosis: basic and clinical implications. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2020 May;15(3):185-193. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2020.1756772. Epub 2020 Apr 26. PMID: 32336178; PMCID: PMC7250483.

Fekete, M., Szarvas, Z., Fazekas-Pongor, V., Feher, A., Csipo, T., Forrai, J., . . . Varga, J. T. (2023). Nutrition strategies promoting healthy aging: From improvement of cardiovascular and brain health to prevention of age-associated diseases. Nutrients, 15(1), 47.

Glenn, J., Madero, E., & Bott, N. (2019). Dietary protein and amino acid intake: Links to the maintenance of cognitive health. Nutrients, 11(6), 1315.

Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Fan, A., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001–2002 to 2012–2013: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry,74(9):911–923.

Guasch-Ferré, M., Liu, G., Li, Y., Sampson, L., Manson, J. E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Martínez-González, M. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Sun, Q., & Hu, F. B . (2020). Olive oil consumption and cardiovascular risk in U.S. adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 75(15), 1729–1739.

Gudden, J., Vasquez, A., & Bloemendaal, M. (2021). Effects of intermittent fasting on brain and cognitive function, Nutrients, 13(9), 3166.

Harlyjoy, B. C., Sukmawan, R., Muliawan, H. S., Soerarso, R., Radi, B., & Widyantoro, B. (2019). Plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor level as a modifying factor for trans fat intake and hypertension. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 55, 38–43.

Held, C., Hadziosmanovic, N., Aylward, P., Hagstrom, E., Hochman, J., Stewart, R., White, H., & Wallentin, L. (2022). Body mass index and association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease—A STABILITY substudy. Journal of the American Heart Association, 11(3), e023667.

Joundi, R. A., Saposnik, G., Martino, R., Fang, J., & Kapral, M. K. (2019). Timing of direct enteral tube placement and outcomes after acute stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28(12), 104401.

Klotz K, Weistenhöfer W, Neff F, Hartwig A, van Thriel C, Drexler H (2017). The Health Effects of Aluminum Exposure. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017 Sep 29;114(39):653-659. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0653

Mateos-Aparicio, P. & Rodríguez-Moreno, A. (2019, Februrary 27). “The Impact of Studying Brain Plasticity.” Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13: 66.

Mischley LK. Nutrition and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;134:1143-1161. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.013. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28805567.

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (2023, May 29). Calculate your body mass index.

National Institutes of Health. (2023a). Copper. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023b). Iodine. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023c). Magnesium. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023d). Niacin. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023e). Selenium. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023f). Thiamin. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023g). Vitamin B₆. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023h). Vitamin B₁₂. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services,

National Institutes of Health. (2023i). Vitamin E. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Institutes of Health. (2023j). Zinc. Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Ji, X., Compher, C., Irving, S., Kim, J., Dinges, D., & Liu, J. (2021). Serum micronutrient status, sleep quality and neurobehavioural function among early adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 24(17), 5815–5825.

Jin, U., Park, S. J., & Park, S. M. (2019). Cholesterol metabolism in the brain and its association with Parkinson's disease. Experimental Neurobiology, 28(5), 554–567.

Khattak, R., Khattak, M., Ittermann, T., & Völzke, H. (2017). Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective. Journal of Epidemiology, 27(6), 249–257.

Kirkland, E., Sarlo, G., & Holton, K. (2018). The role of magnesium in neurological disorders. Nutrients, 10(6), 730.

Kossoff, E. (2023, May 5). Ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Foundation.

Lee, H. (2022). The importance of nutrition in neurological disorders and nutrition assessment methods. Brain & Neuro Rehabilitation, 15(1).

Lee, Y., & Siddiqui, W. J. (2023). Cholesterol levels. StatPearls.

Lee SH. Intestinal permeability regulation by tight junction: implication on inflammatory bowel diseases. Intest Res. 2015 Jan;13(1):11-8. doi: 10.5217/ir.2015.13.1.11. Epub 2015 Jan 29. PMID: 25691839; PMCID: PMC4316216.

Leigh, S., & Morris, M. (2020). Diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome: Mechanisms for obesity-associated cognitive impairment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Molecular Basis of Disease, 1866(6), 165767.

Li, D., Zhang, J., & Liu, Q. (2022). Brain cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism and implications for learning and memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 45(5), 401–414.

Liu, C., Xie, J., Xiao, X., Li, T., Li, H., Bai, X., Li, Z., & Wang, W. (2021). Clinical predictors of prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury combined with extracranial trauma. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(7), 1639–1647.

Liu T, Du D, Zhao R, Xie Q, Dong Z. Gut microbes influence the development of central nervous system disorders through epigenetic inheritance. Microbiol Res. 2023 Sep;274:127440. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127440. Epub 2023 Jun 17. PMID: 37343494.

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Smith, S. H. (2017). Using albumin and prealbumin to assess nutritional status. Nursing, 47(4), 65–66.

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Swanson, D., Block, R., & Mousa, S. A. (2012). Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: Health benefits throughout life. Advances in Nutrition, 3(1), 1–7.

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Rozdział 4 Odżywianie a zdrowie układu endokrynologicznego

Adigun, O. O., Nguyen, M., Fox, T. J., & Anastasopoulou, C. (2023). Acromegaly. StatPearls.

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Bellastella, G., Scappacticcio, L., Caiazzo, F., Tomasuolo, M., Carotenuto, R., Caputo, M., Arena, S., Caruso, P., Maiorino, M. I., & Esposito, K. (2022). Mediterranean diet and thyroid: An interesting alliance. Nutrients, 14(19), 4130.

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Breehl, L., & Caban, O. (2023). Physiology, puberty. StatPearls.

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Rozdział 8 Odżywianie a zdrowie układu moczowego

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Rozdział 9 Odżywianie a zdrowie układu pokarmowego

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Rozdział 10 Odżywianie a zdrowie układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego i skóry

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Bibliografia