Summary of Reactions

19 • Summary of Reactions

19 • Summary of Reactions

1. Preparation of aldehydes (Section 19.2)
   1. Oxidation of primary alcohols (Section 17.7)
      

   2. Partial reduction of esters (Section 19.2)
      

2. Preparation of ketones
   1. Oxidation of secondary alcohols (Section 17.7)
      

   2. Diorganocopper reaction with acid chlorides (Section 19.2)
      

3. Oxidation of aldehydes (Section 19.3)
   

4. Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones
   1. Addition of hydride to give alcohols: reduction (Section 19.7)
      

   2. Addition of Grignard reagents to give alcohols (Section 19.7)
      

   3. Addition of HCN to give cyanohydrins (Section 19.6)
      

   4. Addition of primary amines to give imines (Section 19.8)
      

   5. Addition of secondary amines to give enamines (Section 19.8)
      

   6. Wolff–Kishner reaction to give alkanes (Section 19.9)
      

   7. Addition of alcohols to give acetals (Section 19.10)
      

   8. Addition of phosphorus ylides to give alkenes: Wittig reaction (Section 19.11)
      

5. Conjugate additions to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones (Section 19.13)
   1. Conjugate addition of amines
      

   2. Conjugate addition of water
      

   3. Conjugate addition of alkyl groups by diorganocopper reaction