University Physics Volume 2

# Problems

### 12.1The Biot-Savart Law

16.

A 10-A current flows through the wire shown. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field due to a 0.5-mm segment of wire as measured at (a) point A and (b) point B?

17.

Ten amps flow through a square loop where each side is 20 cm in length. At each corner of the loop is a 0.01-cm segment that connects the longer wires as shown. Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the loop.

18.

What is the magnetic field at P due to the current I in the wire shown?

19.

The accompanying figure shows a current loop consisting of two concentric circular arcs and two perpendicular radial lines. Determine the magnetic field at point P.

20.

Find the magnetic field at the center C of the rectangular loop of wire shown in the accompanying figure.

21.

Two long wires, one of which has a semicircular bend of radius R, are positioned as shown in the accompanying figure. If both wires carry a current I, how far apart must their parallel sections be so that the net magnetic field at P is zero? Does the current in the straight wire flow up or down?

### 12.2Magnetic Field Due to a Thin Straight Wire

22.

A typical current in a lightning bolt is $104104$ A. Estimate the magnetic field 1 m from the bolt.

23.

The magnitude of the magnetic field 50 cm from a long, thin, straight wire is $8.0μT.8.0μT.$ What is the current through the long wire?

24.

A transmission line strung 7.0 m above the ground carries a current of 500 A. What is the magnetic field on the ground directly below the wire? Compare your answer with the magnetic field of Earth.

25.

A long, straight, horizontal wire carries a left-to-right current of 20 A. If the wire is placed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $4.0×10−5T4.0×10−5T$ that is directed vertically downward, what is the resultant magnitude of the magnetic field 20 cm above the wire? 20 cm below the wire?

26.

The two long, parallel wires shown in the accompanying figure carry currents in the same direction. If $I1=10 AI1=10 A$ and $I2=20A,I2=20A,$ what is the magnetic field at point P?

27.

The accompanying figure shows two long, straight, horizontal wires that are parallel and a distance 2a apart. If both wires carry current I in the same direction, (a) what is the magnetic field at $P1?P1?$ (b) $P2?P2?$

28.

Repeat the calculations of the preceding problem with the direction of the current in the lower wire reversed.

29.

Consider the area between the wires of the preceding problem. At what distance from the top wire is the net magnetic field a minimum? Assume that the currents are equal and flow in opposite directions.

### 12.3Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Currents

30.

Two long, straight wires are parallel and 25 cm apart. (a) If each wire carries a current of 50 A in the same direction, what is the magnetic force per meter exerted on each wire? (b) Does the force pull the wires together or push them apart? (c) What happens if the currents flow in opposite directions?

31.

Two long, straight wires are parallel and 10 cm apart. One carries a current of 2.0 A, the other a current of 5.0 A. (a) If the two currents flow in opposite directions, what is the magnitude and direction of the force per unit length of one wire on the other? (b) What is the magnitude and direction of the force per unit length if the currents flow in the same direction?

32.

Two long, parallel wires are hung by cords of length 5.0 cm, as shown in the accompanying figure. Each wire has a mass per unit length of 30 g/m, and they carry the same current in opposite directions. What is the current if the cords hang at $6.0°6.0°$ with respect to the vertical?

33.

A circuit with current I has two long parallel wire sections that carry current in opposite directions. Find magnetic field at a point P near these wires that is a distance a from one wire and b from the other wire as shown in the figure.

34.

The infinite, straight wire shown in the accompanying figure carries a current $I1.I1.$ The rectangular loop, whose long sides are parallel to the wire, carries a current $I2.I2.$ What are the magnitude and direction of the force on the rectangular loop due to the magnetic field of the wire?

### 12.4Magnetic Field of a Current Loop

35.

When the current through a circular loop is 6.0 A, the magnetic field at its center is $2.0×10−4T.2.0×10−4T.$ What is the radius of the loop?

36.

How many turns must be wound on a flat, circular coil of radius 20 cm in order to produce a magnetic field of magnitude $4.0×10−5T4.0×10−5T$ at the center of the coil when the current through it is 0.85 A?

37.

A flat, circular loop has 20 turns. The radius of the loop is 10.0 cm and the current through the wire is 0.50 A. Determine the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the loop.

38.

A circular loop of radius R carries a current I. At what distance along the axis of the loop is the magnetic field one-half its value at the center of the loop?

39.

Two flat, circular coils, each with a radius R and wound with N turns, are mounted along the same axis so that they are parallel a distance d apart. What is the magnetic field at the midpoint of the common axis if a current I flows in the same direction through each coil?

40.

For the coils in the preceding problem, what is the magnetic field at the center of either coil?

### 12.5Ampère’s Law

41.

A current I flows around the rectangular loop shown in the accompanying figure. Evaluate $∮B→·dl→∮B→·dl→$ for the paths A, B, C, and D.

42.

Evaluate $∮B→·dl→∮B→·dl→$ for each of the cases shown in the accompanying figure.

43.

The coil whose lengthwise cross section is shown in the accompanying figure carries a current I and has N evenly spaced turns distributed along the length l. Evaluate $∮B→·dl→∮B→·dl→$ for the paths indicated.

44.

A superconducting wire of diameter 0.25 cm carries a current of 1000 A. What is the magnetic field just outside the wire?

45.

A long, straight wire of radius R carries a current I that is distributed uniformly over the cross-section of the wire. At what distance from the axis of the wire is the magnitude of the magnetic field a maximum?

46.

The accompanying figure shows a cross-section of a long, hollow, cylindrical conductor of inner radius $r1=3.0 cmr1=3.0 cm$ and outer radius $r2=5.0 cm.r2=5.0 cm.$ A 50-A current distributed uniformly over the cross-section flows into the page. Calculate the magnetic field at $r=2.0 cm,r=4.0cm,andr=6.0 cm.r=2.0 cm,r=4.0cm,andr=6.0 cm.$

47.

A long, solid, cylindrical conductor of radius 3.0 cm carries a current of 50 A distributed uniformly over its cross-section. Plot the magnetic field as a function of the radial distance r from the center of the conductor.

48.

A portion of a long, cylindrical coaxial cable is shown in the accompanying figure. A current I flows down the center conductor, and this current is returned in the outer conductor. Determine the magnetic field in the regions (a) $r≤r1,r≤r1,$ (b) $r2≥r≥r1,r2≥r≥r1,$ (c) $r3≥r≥r2,r3≥r≥r2,$ and (d) $r≥r3.r≥r3.$ Assume that the current is distributed uniformly over the cross sections of the two parts of the cable.

### 12.6Solenoids and Toroids

49.

A solenoid is wound with 2000 turns per meter. When the current is 5.2 A, what is the magnetic field within the solenoid?

50.

A solenoid has 12 turns per centimeter. What current will produce a magnetic field of $2.0×10−2T2.0×10−2T$ within the solenoid?

51.

If a current is 2.0 A, how many turns per centimeter must be wound on a solenoid in order to produce a magnetic field of $2.0×10−3T2.0×10−3T$ within it?

52.

A solenoid is 40 cm long, has a diameter of 3.0 cm, and is wound with 500 turns. If the current through the windings is 4.0 A, what is the magnetic field at a point on the axis of the solenoid that is (a) at the center of the solenoid, (b) 10.0 cm from one end of the solenoid, and (c) 5.0 cm from one end of the solenoid? (d) Compare these answers with the infinite-solenoid case.

53.

Determine the magnetic field on the central axis at the opening of a semi-infinite solenoid. (That is, take the opening to be at $x=0x=0$ and the other end to be at
$x=∞.x=∞.$)

54.

By how much is the approximation $B=μ0nIB=μ0nI$ in error at the center of a solenoid that is 15.0 cm long, has a diameter of 4.0 cm, is wrapped with n turns per meter, and carries a current I?

55.

A solenoid with 25 turns per centimeter carries a current I. An electron moves within the solenoid in a circle that has a radius of 2.0 cm and is perpendicular to the axis of the solenoid. If the speed of the electron is $2.0×105m/s,2.0×105m/s,$ what is I?

56.

A toroid has 250 turns of wire and carries a current of 20 A. Its inner and outer radii are 8.0 and 9.0 cm. What are the values of its magnetic field at $r=8.1,8.5,r=8.1,8.5,$ and $8.9cm?8.9cm?$

57.

A toroid with a square cross section 3.0 cm $××$ 3.0 cm has an inner radius of 25.0 cm. It is wound with 500 turns of wire, and it carries a current of 2.0 A. What is the strength of the magnetic field at the center of the square cross section?

### 12.7Magnetism in Matter

58.

The magnetic field in the core of an air-filled solenoid is 1.50 T. By how much will this magnetic field decrease if the air is pumped out of the core while the current is held constant?

59.

A solenoid has a ferromagnetic core, n = 1000 turns per meter, and I = 5.0 A. If B inside the solenoid is 2.0 T, what is $χχ$ for the core material?

60.

A 20-A current flows through a solenoid with 2000 turns per meter. What is the magnetic field inside the solenoid if its core is (a) a vacuum and (b) filled with liquid oxygen at 90 K?

61.

The magnetic dipole moment of the iron atom is about $2.1×10−23A·m2.2.1×10−23A·m2.$ (a) Calculate the maximum magnetic dipole moment of a domain consisting of $10191019$ iron atoms. (b) What current would have to flow through a single circular loop of wire of diameter 1.0 cm to produce this magnetic dipole moment?

62.

Suppose you wish to produce a 1.2-T magnetic field in a toroid with an iron core for which $χ=4.0×103.χ=4.0×103.$ The toroid has a mean radius of 15 cm and is wound with 500 turns. What current is required?

63.

A current of 1.5 A flows through the windings of a large, thin toroid with 200 turns per meter and a radius of 1 meter. If the toroid is filled with iron for which $χ=3.0×103,χ=3.0×103,$ what is the magnetic field within it?

64.

A solenoid with an iron core is 25 cm long and is wrapped with 100 turns of wire. When the current through the solenoid is 10 A, the magnetic field inside it is 2.0 T. For this current, what is the permeability of the iron? If the current is turned off and then restored to 10 A, will the magnetic field necessarily return to 2.0 T?