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U.S. History

Index

U.S. HistoryIndex
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. 1 The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
    1. Introduction
    2. 1.1 The Americas
    3. 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
    4. 1.3 West Africa and the Role of Slavery
    5. Key Terms
    6. Summary
    7. Review Questions
    8. Critical Thinking Questions
  3. 2 Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650
    1. Introduction
    2. 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
    3. 2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
    4. 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
    5. 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  4. 3 Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
    1. Introduction
    2. 3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
    3. 3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
    4. 3.3 English Settlements in America
    5. 3.4 The Impact of Colonization
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  5. 4 Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763
    1. Introduction
    2. 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
    3. 4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire
    4. 4.3 An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution
    5. 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
    6. 4.5 Wars for Empire
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  6. 5 Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774
    1. Introduction
    2. 5.1 Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War
    3. 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
    4. 5.3 The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest
    5. 5.4 The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts
    6. 5.5 Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  7. 6 America's War for Independence, 1775-1783
    1. Introduction
    2. 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
    3. 6.2 The Early Years of the Revolution
    4. 6.3 War in the South
    5. 6.4 Identity during the American Revolution
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  8. 7 Creating Republican Governments, 1776–1790
    1. Introduction
    2. 7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
    3. 7.2 How Much Revolutionary Change?
    4. 7.3 Debating Democracy
    5. 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  9. 8 Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790–1820
    1. Introduction
    2. 8.1 Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
    3. 8.2 The New American Republic
    4. 8.3 Partisan Politics
    5. 8.4 The United States Goes Back to War
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  10. 9 Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800–1850
    1. Introduction
    2. 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
    3. 9.2 A Vibrant Capitalist Republic
    4. 9.3 On the Move: The Transportation Revolution
    5. 9.4 A New Social Order: Class Divisions
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  11. 10 Jacksonian Democracy, 1820–1840
    1. Introduction
    2. 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
    3. 10.2 The Rise of American Democracy
    4. 10.3 The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War
    5. 10.4 Indian Removal
    6. 10.5 The Tyranny and Triumph of the Majority
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  12. 11 A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 1800–1860
    1. Introduction
    2. 11.1 Lewis and Clark
    3. 11.2 The Missouri Crisis
    4. 11.3 Independence for Texas
    5. 11.4 The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848
    6. 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  13. 12 Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 1800–1860
    1. Introduction
    2. 12.1 The Economics of Cotton
    3. 12.2 African Americans in the Antebellum United States
    4. 12.3 Wealth and Culture in the South
    5. 12.4 The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  14. 13 Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820–1860
    1. Introduction
    2. 13.1 An Awakening of Religion and Individualism
    3. 13.2 Antebellum Communal Experiments
    4. 13.3 Reforms to Human Health
    5. 13.4 Addressing Slavery
    6. 13.5 Women’s Rights
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  15. 14 Troubled Times: the Tumultuous 1850s
    1. Introduction
    2. 14.1 The Compromise of 1850
    3. 14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
    4. 14.3 The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife
    5. 14.4 John Brown and the Election of 1860
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  16. 15 The Civil War, 1860–1865
    1. Introduction
    2. 15.1 The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War
    3. 15.2 Early Mobilization and War
    4. 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
    5. 15.4 The Union Triumphant
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  17. 16 The Era of Reconstruction, 1865–1877
    1. Introduction
    2. 16.1 Restoring the Union
    3. 16.2 Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866
    4. 16.3 Radical Reconstruction, 1867–1872
    5. 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  18. 17 Go West Young Man! Westward Expansion, 1840-1900
    1. Introduction
    2. 17.1 The Westward Spirit
    3. 17.2 Homesteading: Dreams and Realities
    4. 17.3 Making a Living in Gold and Cattle
    5. 17.4 The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture
    6. 17.5 The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  19. 18 Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900
    1. Introduction
    2. 18.1 Inventors of the Age
    3. 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
    4. 18.3 Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor
    5. 18.4 A New American Consumer Culture
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  20. 19 The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900
    1. Introduction
    2. 19.1 Urbanization and Its Challenges
    3. 19.2 The African American “Great Migration” and New European Immigration
    4. 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
    5. 19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  21. 20 Politics in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900
    1. Introduction
    2. 20.1 Political Corruption in Postbellum America
    3. 20.2 The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold
    4. 20.3 Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
    5. 20.4 Social and Labor Unrest in the 1890s
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  22. 21 Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920
    1. Introduction
    2. 21.1 The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America
    3. 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
    4. 21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
    5. 21.4 Progressivism in the White House
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  23. 22 Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914
    1. Introduction
    2. 22.1 Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empire
    3. 22.2 The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire
    4. 22.3 Economic Imperialism in East Asia
    5. 22.4 Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Foreign Policy
    6. 22.5 Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  24. 23 Americans and the Great War, 1914-1919
    1. Introduction
    2. 23.1 American Isolationism and the European Origins of War
    3. 23.2 The United States Prepares for War
    4. 23.3 A New Home Front
    5. 23.4 From War to Peace
    6. 23.5 Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  25. 24 The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929
    1. Introduction
    2. 24.1 Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment
    3. 24.2 Transformation and Backlash
    4. 24.3 A New Generation
    5. 24.4 Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  26. 25 Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Great Depression, 1929-1932
    1. Introduction
    2. 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
    3. 25.2 President Hoover’s Response
    4. 25.3 The Depths of the Great Depression
    5. 25.4 Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  27. 26 Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941
    1. Introduction
    2. 26.1 The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt
    3. 26.2 The First New Deal
    4. 26.3 The Second New Deal
    5. Key Terms
    6. Summary
    7. Review Questions
    8. Critical Thinking Questions
  28. 27 Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945
    1. Introduction
    2. 27.1 The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States
    3. 27.2 The Home Front
    4. 27.3 Victory in the European Theater
    5. 27.4 The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  29. 28 Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960
    1. Introduction
    2. 28.1 The Challenges of Peacetime
    3. 28.2 The Cold War
    4. 28.3 The American Dream
    5. 28.4 Popular Culture and Mass Media
    6. 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  30. 29 Contesting Futures: America in the 1960s
    1. Introduction
    2. 29.1 The Kennedy Promise
    3. 29.2 Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
    4. 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
    5. 29.4 Challenging the Status Quo
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  31. 30 Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980
    1. Introduction
    2. 30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
    3. 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
    4. 30.3 Vietnam: The Downward Spiral
    5. 30.4 Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare
    6. 30.5 Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm
    7. Key Terms
    8. Summary
    9. Review Questions
    10. Critical Thinking Questions
  32. 31 From Cold War to Culture Wars, 1980-2000
    1. Introduction
    2. 31.1 The Reagan Revolution
    3. 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
    4. 31.3 A New World Order
    5. 31.4 Bill Clinton and the New Economy
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  33. 32 The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century
    1. Introduction
    2. 32.1 The War on Terror
    3. 32.2 The Domestic Mission
    4. 32.3 New Century, Old Disputes
    5. 32.4 Hope and Change
    6. Key Terms
    7. Summary
    8. Review Questions
    9. Critical Thinking Questions
  34. A | The Declaration of Independence
  35. B | The Constitution of the United States
  36. C | Presidents of the United States of America
  37. D | U.S. Political Map
  38. E | U.S. Topographical Map
  39. F | United States Population Chart
  40. G | Further Reading
  41. Answer Key
    1. Chapter 1
    2. Chapter 2
    3. Chapter 3
    4. Chapter 4
    5. Chapter 5
    6. Chapter 6
    7. Chapter 7
    8. Chapter 8
    9. Chapter 9
    10. Chapter 10
    11. Chapter 11
    12. Chapter 12
    13. Chapter 13
    14. Chapter 14
    15. Chapter 15
    16. Chapter 16
    17. Chapter 17
    18. Chapter 18
    19. Chapter 19
    20. Chapter 20
    21. Chapter 21
    22. Chapter 22
    23. Chapter 23
    24. Chapter 24
    25. Chapter 25
    26. Chapter 26
    27. Chapter 27
    28. Chapter 28
    29. Chapter 29
    30. Chapter 30
    31. Chapter 31
    32. Chapter 32
  42. Index
A
abolitionist 13.4 Addressing Slavery
Abu Ghraib 32.2 The Domestic Mission
Afghan Northern Alliance 32.1 The War on Terror
Age of Reason 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
agrarian society 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
al-Qaeda 32.1 The War on Terror
alcalde 11.3 Independence for Texas
Alliance for Progress 29.1 The Kennedy Promise
American Equal Rights Association 16.3 Radical Reconstruction, 1867–1872
American individualism 25.2 President Hoover’s Response
American Missionary Association 16.2 Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866
American Party 14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
American River 11.4 The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848
American System 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
Americanization 17.4 The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture
antebellum 12.1 The Economics of Cotton
Anti-Federalists 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
Anti-Imperialist League 22.2 The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire
Antietam 15.2 Early Mobilization and War
appeasement 27.1 The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States
Army of the Potomac 15.2 Early Mobilization and War
Army of the West 15.2 Early Mobilization and War
Articles of Confederation 7.3 Debating Democracy
artisans 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
Atlanta Compromise 21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
B
baby boom 28.3 The American Dream
bank runs 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
Banking Act of 1935 26.3 The Second New Deal
Barnburners 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
Battle of New Orleans 8.4 The United States Goes Back to War
Bell 18.1 Inventors of the Age
Beringia 1.1 The Americas
bicameral 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
Big Three 27.3 Victory in the European Theater
Bill of Rights 8.1 Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Black Cabinet 26.3 The Second New Deal
Black codes 16.2 Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866
Black Death 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
Black Legend 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Black Power 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
Black Pride 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
Black separatism 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
Black Tuesday 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
blacklist 28.2 The Cold War
Bleeding Kansas 14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
bloody shirt campaign 20.1 Political Corruption in Postbellum America
bonanza farms 17.2 Homesteading: Dreams and Realities
Bonus Army 25.2 President Hoover’s Response
boomerang generation 32.4 Hope and Change
bootlegging 24.3 A New Generation
border ruffians 14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
Boston Harbor 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
Boston Massacre 5.3 The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest
Boxer Rebellion 22.1 Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empire
Brains Trust 26.1 The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt
Bucktails 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
Bull Run Creek 15.2 Early Mobilization and War
Bunker Hill 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
Bush Doctrine 32.1 The War on Terror
C
California Gold Rush 17.3 Making a Living in Gold and Cattle
Californios 11.4 The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848
Calvinism 2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
carpetbaggers 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Carter Doctrine 30.5 Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm
cash crop 12.1 The Economics of Cotton
charter schools 32.2 The Domestic Mission
chasquis 1.1 The Americas
chattel slavery 1.3 West Africa and the Role of Slavery
checks and balances 7.3 Debating Democracy
Chicano Movement 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
chinampas 1.1 The Americas
circuit riders 13.1 An Awakening of Religion and Individualism
Citizen Genêt affair 8.2 The New American Republic
City Beautiful 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
civil service 20.1 Political Corruption in Postbellum America
civil unions 32.3 New Century, Old Disputes
Civil Works Administration 26.2 The First New Deal
Civilian Conservation Corps 26.2 The First New Deal
Clark Memorandum 25.4 Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal
clear and present danger 23.2 The United States Prepares for War
code of deference 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
Coercive Acts 5.4 The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts
Cold War 28.2 The Cold War
collateralized debt obligations 32.2 The Domestic Mission
colonization 13.4 Addressing Slavery
Columbian Exchange 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Comanche 11.3 Independence for Texas
Committee of Correspondence 5.4 The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts
Committee of Public Information 23.2 The United States Prepares for War
commodification 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Compromise of 1850 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
Compromise of 1877 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Comstock Lode 17.3 Making a Living in Gold and Cattle
concurrent majority 12.3 Wealth and Culture in the South
Confederacy 15.1 The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War
confiscation acts 6.4 Identity during the American Revolution
Connecticut Compromise 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
conscientious objectors 27.2 The Home Front
conservative Whigs 7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
containment 28.2 The Cold War
Continental currency 6.4 Identity during the American Revolution
contrabands 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
Contract with America 31.4 Bill Clinton and the New Economy
Contras 31.3 A New World Order
Copperheads 15.4 The Union Triumphant, 16.1 Restoring the Union
Corps of Discovery 11.1 Lewis and Clark
corrupt bargain 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
cotton boom 12.1 The Economics of Cotton
cotton gin 12.1 The Economics of Cotton
counterculture 30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
counterinsurgency 29.1 The Kennedy Promise
coverture 7.2 How Much Revolutionary Change?
Coxey’s Army 20.4 Social and Labor Unrest in the 1890s
credit default swaps 32.2 The Domestic Mission
Crédit Mobilier of America scandal 20.1 Political Corruption in Postbellum America
Crittenden Compromise 15.1 The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War
crop-lien system 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Crusades 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
Cumberland Road 9.3 On the Move: The Transportation Revolution
D
D-day 27.3 Victory in the European Theater
Daughters of Liberty 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Deep Throat 30.4 Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare
Defense of Marriage Act 32.4 Hope and Change
deism 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
democracy 7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
Democratic-Republicans 8.1 Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Depression of 1893 20.4 Social and Labor Unrest in the 1890s
desegregation 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
deskilling 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
détente 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
direct primary 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
direct tax 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Dixiecrats 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
dollar diplomacy 22.5 Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
domestic slave trade 12.1 The Economics of Cotton
Dominion of New England 4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire
domino theory 28.2 The Cold War
Double V campaign 27.2 The Home Front
Dred Scott v. Sandford 14.3 The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife
Dunmore’s Proclamation 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
Dust Bowl 25.3 The Depths of the Great Depression
Dutch West India Company 3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
E
Edison 18.1 Inventors of the Age
Electoral College 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
Emancipation Proclamation 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
Embargo Act of 1807 8.4 The United States Goes Back to War
Emergency Banking Act 26.2 The First New Deal
empresario 11.3 Independence for Texas
encomiendas 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Enforcement Acts 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
English interregnum 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
Enlightenment 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
Enola Gay 27.4 The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb
Erie Canal 9.3 On the Move: The Transportation Revolution
eugenicists 21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
Executive Order 9066 27.2 The Home Front
executive privilege 30.4 Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare
exodusters 17.1 The Westward Spirit
expatriate 24.3 A New Generation
F
Fair Deal 28.1 The Challenges of Peacetime
farm holidays 25.2 President Hoover’s Response
Farmerettes 23.3 A New Home Front
Farmers’ Alliance 20.3 Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
federal minimum wage 28.1 The Challenges of Peacetime
Federalists 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
Fence Cutting War 17.3 Making a Living in Gold and Cattle
feudal society 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
filibuster 11.1 Lewis and Clark
Fire-Eaters 14.4 John Brown and the Election of 1860
fireside chat 26.2 The First New Deal
First Great Awakening 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
Five Civilized Tribes 10.4 Indian Removal
flapper 24.3 A New Generation
flexible response 29.1 The Kennedy Promise
Florida land boom 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
Ford Hunger March 25.2 President Hoover’s Response
Fort Sumter 15.1 The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War
forty-niners 11.4 The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848
Fourteen Points 23.4 From War to Peace
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Introduction
free moral agency 9.4 A New Social Order: Class Divisions
Free-Soil Party 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
Freedmen’s Bureau 16.2 Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866
Freedom Riders 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
Freemasons 4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
Freeport Doctrine 14.3 The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife
French and Indian War 4.5 Wars for Empire
Frontier Thesis 22.1 Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empire
G
gender gap 31.4 Bill Clinton and the New Economy
general in chief 15.2 Early Mobilization and War
Gettysburg Address 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
GI Bill 28.1 The Challenges of Peacetime
Gilded Age 20.1 Political Corruption in Postbellum America
Giuseppe Zangara 26.1 The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt
Glass-Steagall Banking Act 26.2 The First New Deal
globalization 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
Glorious Revolution 4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire
graft 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
Grange 20.3 Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
Great Migration 19.2 The African American “Great Migration” and New European Immigration
Great Recession 32.2 The Domestic Mission
Great Society 29.2 Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
Greek civil war 28.2 The Cold War
Green Party 31.4 Bill Clinton and the New Economy
Greenback Party 20.3 Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
greenbacks 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
greenhouse gases 32.3 New Century, Old Disputes
H
habeas corpus 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
Half-Breeds 20.2 The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold
Harlem Hellfighters 23.3 A New Home Front
Harlem Nine 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
Harpers Ferry 14.4 John Brown and the Election of 1860
Haymarket affair 18.3 Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor
headright system 3.3 English Settlements in America
Heritage Foundation 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
Hessians 6.2 The Early Years of the Revolution
Higher Education Act 29.2 Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
Hillarycare 31.4 Bill Clinton and the New Economy
Hippies 30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
Hispaniola 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
HIV/AIDS 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
holding company 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
Hollywood 24.1 Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment
Homeland Security Act 32.1 The War on Terror
Homestead Act 17.1 The Westward Spirit
Hoover 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
Hoover Moratorium 25.4 Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal
horizontal integration 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
Huey “Kingfish” Long 26.3 The Second New Deal
hydroelectric power 26.2 The First New Deal
hydropathy 13.3 Reforms to Human Health
I
identity politics 30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
immediatism 13.4 Addressing Slavery
impressment 8.2 The New American Republic
Inca 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
indenture 3.3 English Settlements in America
Indian Removal Act 10.4 Indian Removal
indirect tax 5.1 Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War
indulgences 2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
initiative 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
Inquisition 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
instrumentalism 19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
internment 27.2 The Home Front
interregnum 26.1 The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt
Intolerable Acts 5.4 The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts
Iron Curtain 28.2 The Cold War
Ironclad Oath 16.1 Restoring the Union
Irreconcilables 23.4 From War to Peace
J
Jackie Robinson 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
Jesuits 3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
Jim Crow 16.2 Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866
joint stock companies 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
José Martí 22.2 The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire
Juneteenth 16.1 Restoring the Union
K
Kamikaze 27.4 The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb
Kansas-Nebraska bill 14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
Kellogg-Briand Pact 27.1 The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States
Kitchen Cabinet 10.2 The Rise of American Democracy
Koran 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
Ku Klux Klan 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Kyoto Protocol 32.3 New Century, Old Disputes
L
labor theory of value 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
land fever 9.2 A Vibrant Capitalist Republic
land offices 9.2 A Vibrant Capitalist Republic
las Gorras Blancas 17.5 The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens
League of Nations 23.4 From War to Peace
letters of marque 8.2 The New American Republic
Levittown 28.3 The American Dream
liberty bonds 23.2 The United States Prepares for War
Liberty Party 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
Little Rock Nine 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
log cabin campaign 10.5 The Tyranny and Triumph of the Majority
Long Telegram 28.2 The Cold War
Lost Generation 24.3 A New Generation
Louisiana Purchase 8.3 Partisan Politics
Loving v. Virginia 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
Loyalist Introduction
M
machine politics 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
machine tools 9.2 A Vibrant Capitalist Republic
majority rule 7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
malaria 22.4 Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Foreign Policy
Manhattan Project 27.4 The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb
Manifest Destiny 17.1 The Westward Spirit
manumissions 7.2 How Much Revolutionary Change?
Marbury v. Madison 8.3 Partisan Politics
maroon communities 3.4 The Impact of Colonization
Marshall Plan 28.2 The Cold War
Mary McLeod Bethune 26.3 The Second New Deal
mass incarceration 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
Massachusetts Circular 5.3 The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest
massive retaliation 28.3 The American Dream
materiel 27.1 The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States
Mayflower 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
McDonalds 28.3 The American Dream
Mecklenburg Resolves 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
mercantilism 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Mexican Cession 11.4 The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848, 14.1 The Compromise of 1850
middle class 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
Middle Passage 3.4 The Impact of Colonization
military-industrial complex 28.3 The American Dream
millennialism 13.1 An Awakening of Religion and Individualism
minutemen 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
miscegenation 14.3 The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife
missionaries 3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
Missouri Compromise 11.2 The Missouri Crisis
mita 1.1 The Americas
Model T 24.1 Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment
Mohawk and Hudson Railroad 9.3 On the Move: The Transportation Revolution
Molly Maguires 18.3 Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor
Monarchy 7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
monopoly 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
monster bank 10.3 The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War
Montesquieu 7.3 Debating Democracy
Montgomery Bus Boycott 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
Moral Majority 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
moral suasion 13.4 Addressing Slavery
Mormons 13.2 Antebellum Communal Experiments
Morrill Act 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
mourning wars 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
moving assembly line 24.1 Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment
muckrakers 21.1 The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America
Mugwumps 20.2 The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold
musket 3.4 The Impact of Colonization
Muslim 1.3 West Africa and the Role of Slavery
Mutually Assured Destruction 28.3 The American Dream
N
NAACP 21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
national bank 8.1 Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
National Labor Relations Board 26.3 The Second New Deal
National Organization for Women 30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
National Recovery Administration 26.2 The First New Deal
nativism 24.2 Transformation and Backlash
naturalism 19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
naval quarantine 29.1 The Kennedy Promise
Navigation Acts 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
Negro nationalism 24.3 A New Generation
neutrality 23.1 American Isolationism and the European Origins of War
New Deal 26.1 The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt
New Freedom 21.4 Progressivism in the White House
New Jersey Plan 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
new morality 24.3 A New Generation
New Nationalism 21.4 Progressivism in the White House
New Right 31.1 The Reagan Revolution
New York City Draft Riots 15.4 The Union Triumphant
Niagara Movement 21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
No Child Left Behind Act 32.2 The Domestic Mission
no taxation without representation 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
non-importation movement 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
nonconformist 4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire
Northwest Passage 11.1 Lewis and Clark
nullification 10.3 The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War
O
Obamacare 32.4 Hope and Change
Okies 25.3 The Depths of the Great Depression
Open Door notes 22.3 Economic Imperialism in East Asia
Operation Desert Storm 31.3 A New World Order
Ostend Manifesto 12.4 The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States
P
Pancho Villa 23.1 American Isolationism and the European Origins of War
Panic of 1819 11.3 Independence for Texas
Panic of 1873 20.2 The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold
Parents Music Resource Center 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
paternalism 12.2 African Americans in the Antebellum United States
patroonships 3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
Peace Corps 29.1 The Kennedy Promise
Pentagon Papers 30.3 Vietnam: The Downward Spiral
Petticoat affair 10.2 The Rise of American Democracy
photojournalism 21.1 The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America
Phrenology 13.3 Reforms to Human Health
pietistic 13.2 Antebellum Communal Experiments
Pilgrims 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
pink collar 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
plumbers 30.4 Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare
polygenism 12.3 Wealth and Culture in the South
polygyny 1.3 West Africa and the Role of Slavery
polytheistic 1.1 The Americas
popular sovereignty 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
Populist Party 20.3 Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
Port Huron Statement 29.4 Challenging the Status Quo
pragmatism 19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
privateers 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
probanza de mérito 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
Proclamation Line 5.1 Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War
Progressive Party 21.4 Progressivism in the White House
progressive tax 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
Progressivism 21.1 The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America
Prohibition 23.3 A New Home Front
proportional representation 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
proprietary colonies 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
Protestant Reformation 2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
Puritans 2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
putting-out system 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
Q
Quartering Act 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
quipu 1.1 The Americas
R
Radical Republicans 16.1 Restoring the Union
Radical Whigs 7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
Rappites 13.2 Antebellum Communal Experiments
Reaganomics 31.1 The Reagan Revolution
realism 19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
recall 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
Reconquista 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
Reconstruction 16.1 Restoring the Union
Reconstruction Acts 16.3 Radical Reconstruction, 1867–1872
Red Scare 23.5 Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath
Red Summer 23.5 Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath
redeemers 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
referendum 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
repartimiento 3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
Report on Public Credit 8.1 Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Republic of Fredonia 11.3 Independence for Texas
Republic of Sonora 12.4 The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States
Republican Party 14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
republicanism 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
Reservationists 23.4 From War to Peace
Restoration colonies 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
return to normalcy 24.4 Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s
Revolution of 1800 8.3 Partisan Politics
Rhode Island system 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
Roanoke 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
robber barons 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
Rock and roll 28.4 Popular Culture and Mass Media
Roosevelt Corollary 22.4 Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Foreign Policy
Rosie the Riveter 27.2 The Home Front
rotation in office 10.2 The Rise of American Democracy
Rough Riders 22.2 The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire
S
sacraments 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
salutary neglect 4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
Sand Creek Massacre 17.4 The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture
scalawags 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
scientific management 18.3 Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor
Scopes Monkey Trial 24.2 Transformation and Backlash
Scottsboro Boys 25.3 The Depths of the Great Depression
Second Great Awakening 13.1 An Awakening of Religion and Individualism
Second Ku Klux Klan 24.2 Transformation and Backlash
second middle passage 12.2 African Americans in the Antebellum United States
second party system 10.5 The Tyranny and Triumph of the Majority
Seneca Falls 13.5 Women’s Rights
Separatists 2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
serfs 1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
settlement house movement 19.1 Urbanization and Its Challenges
Seward’s Folly 22.1 Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empire
Shakers 13.2 Antebellum Communal Experiments
sharecropping 16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Sherman’s March to the Sea 15.4 The Union Triumphant
silent majority 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
Silent Sentinels 21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
Slave Power 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West, 14.1 The Compromise of 1850
Slavery 4.3 An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution
smallpox 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Smoot-Hawley Tariff 25.4 Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal
social Darwinism 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth, 19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
social gospel 19.1 Urbanization and Its Challenges
Social Register 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
Social Security 26.3 The Second New Deal
sod houses 17.2 Homesteading: Dreams and Realities
Sons of Liberty 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
southern strategy 6.3 War in the South, 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
Southern Tenant Farmers Union 26.2 The First New Deal
Spanish-American War 21.4 Progressivism in the White House
specie 9.2 A Vibrant Capitalist Republic
Speculation 25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
sphere of influence 22.3 Economic Imperialism in East Asia
spoils system 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
Sputnik 28.3 The American Dream
Square Deal 21.4 Progressivism in the White House
stagflation 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
Stalwarts 20.2 The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold
Stamp Act 5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
START 31.3 A New World Order
state-level reforms 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
states’ rights 28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
Stonewall Inn 30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
subprime mortgages 32.2 The Domestic Mission
Suffolk Resolves 5.5 Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity
sugarcane 2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Supreme Court Packing Plan 26.3 The Second New Deal
Susquehannock 3.3 English Settlements in America
T
Taliban 32.1 The War on Terror
Tallmadge Amendment 11.2 The Missouri Crisis
Tammany Hall 19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
Tariff of Abominations 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
Taylorism 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
Tea Act of 1773 5.4 The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts
Tea Party 32.4 Hope and Change
Teapot Dome scandal 24.4 Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s
teetotalism 13.3 Reforms to Human Health
Tejanos 11.3 Independence for Texas
temperance 13.3 Reforms to Human Health
ten percent plan 16.1 Restoring the Union
Tennessee Valley Authority 26.2 The First New Deal
the Terror 8.2 The New American Republic
thirteen colonies 6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
three-fifths compromise 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
Timucua 3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
Title VII 29.4 Challenging the Status Quo
total war 15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
Townshend 5.3 The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest
Trail of Tears 10.4 Indian Removal
transcendentalism 13.1 An Awakening of Religion and Individualism
Treaty of Paris 4.5 Wars for Empire
trust 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
Tulsa Massacre 23.5 Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath
Tuskegee Institute 27.2 The Home Front
tyranny of the majority 10.5 The Tyranny and Triumph of the Majority
U
Underground Railroad 14.1 The Compromise of 1850
unicameral 7.3 Debating Democracy
Union Leagues 16.3 Radical Reconstruction, 1867–1872
universal manhood suffrage 10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
Urbanization 19.1 Urbanization and Its Challenges
V
vertical integration 18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
vice-admiralty courts 5.1 Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War
Victory Stamps 27.2 The Home Front
Vietnam Syndrome 31.3 A New World Order
Vietnamization 30.3 Vietnam: The Downward Spiral
Virginia Plan 7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
W
wampum 3.4 The Impact of Colonization
war on drugs 31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
war on poverty 29.2 Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
Washington Temperance Society 13.3 Reforms to Human Health
Whigs 10.3 The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War
Wilmot Proviso 11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
Wisconsin Idea 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
WMDs 32.1 The War on Terror
Wobblies 21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
Working Men’s Party 9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
Works Progress Administration Introduction, 26.3 The Second New Deal
Wounded Knee Massacre 17.4 The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture
X
XYZ affair 8.3 Partisan Politics
Y
yellow fever 22.4 Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Foreign Policy
yellow journalism 22.2 The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire
Yippies 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
Yom Kippur War 30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
Yorktown 6.3 War in the South
Yuppie 31.1 The Reagan Revolution
Z
Zimmermann telegram 23.1 American Isolationism and the European Origins of War
zoot suits 27.2 The Home Front
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