Skip to ContentGo to accessibility pageKeyboard shortcuts menu
OpenStax Logo
Organic Chemistry

Summary of Reactions

Organic ChemistrySummary of Reactions

23 • Summary of Reactions

23 • Summary of Reactions

  1. Aldol reaction (Section 23.1)
    The reversible reaction shows two aldehydes with sodium hydroxide/ethanol, forming beta-hydroxy aldehyde. The product is R C H 2 C H O H C H R C H O.
  2. Mixed aldol reaction (Section 23.5)
    A ketone reacts with phenylaldehyde and sodium hydroxide, ethanol to form a compound with hydroxyl and keto. A ketone reacts with formaldehyde to form a compound with alcohol.
  3. Intramolecular aldol reaction (Section 23.6)
    The reaction shows the intramolecular aldol formation of a diketocarbonyl compound with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, forming a cyclic carbonyl compound and water as the products.
  4. Dehydration of aldol products (Section 23.3)
    The reaction shows the dehydration of a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound, in the presence of sodium hydroxide or hydronium ions, forming an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound and water.
  5. Claisen condensation reaction (Section 23.7)
    Claisen condensation of two molecules of an ester in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol forms a beta keto ester product, releasing alcohol as a byproduct.
  6. Mixed Claisen condensation reaction (Section 23.8)
    A mixed Claisen condensation between two different esters produces a beta-ketoester product and ethyl alcohol as a byproduct. This reaction forms new carbon-carbon bonds and releases alcohol.
  7. Intramolecular Claisen condensation (Dieckmann cyclization; Section 23.9)
    The first reaction shows the intramolecular condensation of a diester (six-carbon) forming a cyclic five-membered dicarbonyl. The second reaction shows the formation of cyclic six-membered dicarbonyl (seven-carbon) using sodium ethoxide/ethanol.
  8. Michael reaction (Section 23.10)
    The reaction of dicarbonyl and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound with sodium ethoxide and ethanol, forms a new carbon-carbon bond between the two reactants.
  9. Carbonyl condensations with enamines (Stork enamine reaction; Section 23.11)
    An enamine reacts with alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound in T H F solvent followed by acid hydrolysis, yielding a dicarbonyl product, forming a new carbon-carbon bond.
PreviousNext
Order a print copy

As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.

Citation/Attribution

This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission.

Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License and you must attribute OpenStax.

Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/organic-chemistry/pages/1-why-this-chapter
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/organic-chemistry/pages/1-why-this-chapter
Citation information

© Jan 9, 2024 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.