Summary of Reactions

21 • Summary of Reactions

21 • Summary of Reactions

1. Reactions of carboxylic acids (Section 21.3)
   1. Conversion into acid chlorides
      

      

   2. Conversion into esters
      

      

   3. Conversion into amides
      

      

   4. Reduction to yield primary alcohols
      

      

2. Reactions of acid chlorides (Section 21.4)
   1. Hydrolysis to yield acids
      

      

   2. Reaction with carboxylates to yield anhydrides
      

      

   3. Alcoholysis to yield esters
      

      

   4. Aminolysis to yield amides
      

      

   5. Reduction to yield primary alcohols
      

      

   6. Grignard reaction to yield tertiary alcohols
      

      

   7. Diorganocopper reaction to yield ketones
      

      

3. Reactions of acid anhydrides (Section 21.5)
   1. Hydrolysis to yield acids
      

      

   2. Alcoholysis to yield esters
      

      

   3. Aminolysis to yield amides
      

      

4. Reactions of esters (Section 21.6)
   1. Hydrolysis to yield acids
      

      

   2. Reduction to yield primary alcohols
      

      

   3. Partial reduction to yield aldehydes
      

      

   4. Grignard reaction to yield tertiary alcohols
      

      

5. Reactions of amides (Section 21.7)
   1. Hydrolysis to yield acids
      

      

   2. Reduction to yield amines