Symbols
π* antibonding molecular orbital
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
σ
s
molecular orbital
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
molecular orbital
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
A
acid anhydrides
18.4 Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
acid ionization
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
acid-base indicators
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations
acid-base reaction
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
acid-ionization constant, Ka
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
acidic
14.2 pH and pOH
actinide series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
actinides
2.5 The Periodic Table
actinoid series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
activated complex
12.5 Collision Theory
activation energy (Ea)
12.5 Collision Theory
active electrode
17.2 Galvanic Cells
actual yield
4.4 Reaction Yields
addition reaction
20.1 Hydrocarbons
adhesive forces
10.2 Properties of Liquids
Alcohols
20.2 Alcohols and Ethers
alkali metals
2.5 The Periodic Table
Alkaline batteries
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
Alkanes
20.1 Hydrocarbons
alkenes
20.1 Hydrocarbons
alkyl group
20.1 Hydrocarbons
alkynes
20.1 Hydrocarbons
Allotropes
18.1 Periodicity
alloys
11.1 The Dissolution Process
Alpha (α) decay
21.3 Radioactive Decay
Alpha particles
21.2 Nuclear Equations
alpha particles (α particles)
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
Amides
20.4 Amines and Amides
Amines
20.4 Amines and Amides
amorphous solids
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
amphiphilic
11.5 Colloids
amphiprotic
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
amphoteric
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
amplitude
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
angular momentum quantum number
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
anode
17.2 Galvanic Cells
antibonding orbitals
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
antimatter
21.2 Nuclear Equations
aqueous solution
3.3 Molarity
aromatic hydrocarbons
20.1 Hydrocarbons
Arrhenius
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Arrhenius equation
12.5 Collision Theory
atmosphere (atm)
9.1 Gas Pressure
atomic mass
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
atomic mass unit (amu)
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
atomic number (Z)
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
atomic orbital
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
Atwater system
5.2 Calorimetry
Aufbau principle
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
autoionization
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Autumn
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
average rate
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates
Avogadro’s number (NA)
3.1 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
axial position
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
B
Balmer
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
band of stability
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
bar
9.1 Gas Pressure
barometer
9.1 Gas Pressure
base anhydrides
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
base ionization
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
base-ionization constant (Kb)
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
basic
14.2 pH and pOH
battery
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
becquerel (Bq)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
Beta (β) decay
21.3 Radioactive Decay
Beta particles
21.2 Nuclear Equations
bicarbonate anion
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
Bidentate ligands
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
bimolecular reaction
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
binary acid
2.7 Chemical Nomenclature
binary compounds
2.7 Chemical Nomenclature
binding energy per nucleon
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
biofuel
5.3 Enthalpy
Bismuth
18.1 Periodicity
blackbody
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
body-centered cubic (BCC) solid
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
body-centered cubic unit cell
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
Bohr’s model
6.2 The Bohr Model
boiling point
10.3 Phase Transitions
boiling point elevation
11.4 Colligative Properties
boiling point elevation constant
11.4 Colligative Properties
Boltzmann
16.2 Entropy
bomb calorimeter
5.2 Calorimetry
bond angle
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
bond dipole moment
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
bond distance
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
bond length
7.2 Covalent Bonding
bond order
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
bonding orbitals
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
Born-Haber cycle
7.5 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Bragg equation
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
Brønsted-Lowry acid
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Brønsted-Lowry base
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
buffer
14.6 Buffers
buffer capacity
14.6 Buffers
C
calories (cal)
5.1 Energy Basics
calorimeter
5.2 Calorimetry
calorimetry
5.2 Calorimetry
capillary action
10.2 Properties of Liquids
carbonyl group
20.3 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
carboxylic acids
20.3 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
Carnot
16.2 Entropy
cathode
17.2 Galvanic Cells
cathode ray
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
cathodic protection
17.6 Corrosion
cell notation
17.2 Galvanic Cells
cell potential
17.2 Galvanic Cells
Celsius (°C)
1.4 Measurements
central metal
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
chain reaction
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
chalcogens
2.5 The Periodic Table
chelating ligands
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
chemical change
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
chemical equation
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
chemical property
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
chemical reduction
18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
chemical symbol
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
chemical thermodynamics
5.3 Enthalpy
chemistry
1.1 Chemistry in Context
chemotherapy
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
chlor-alkali process
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
cis configuration
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
Clausius
16.2 Entropy
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
10.3 Phase Transitions
coefficients
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
cohesive forces
10.2 Properties of Liquids
colligative properties
11.4 Colligative Properties
Collision theory
12.5 Collision Theory
colloidal dispersions
11.5 Colloids
colloids
11.5 Colloids
color-change interval
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations
combustion analysis
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
combustion reactions
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
common ion effect
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution
complete ionic equation
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
complex ion
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
compounds
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
compressibility factor (Z)
9.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
concentrated
3.3 Molarity
concentration
3.3 Molarity
concentration cell
17.4 The Nernst Equation
condensation
10.3 Phase Transitions
conjugate acid
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
conjugate base
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
containment system
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
continuous spectrum
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
control rods
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
coordinate covalent bond
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
coordination compounds
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds,
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
coordination isomers
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
coordination number
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids,
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
coordination sphere
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
core electrons
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
Corrosion
17.6 Corrosion
Cottrell
11.5 Colloids
Covalent network solids
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
covalent radius
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
crenation
11.4 Colligative Properties
critical mass
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
critical point
10.4 Phase Diagrams
Cronin
2.4 Chemical Formulas
crystal field splitting
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
crystal field theory
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
crystalline solids
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
cubic centimeter (cm3)
1.4 Measurements
cubic closest packing (CCP)
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
cubic meter (m3)
1.4 Measurements
Curie
21.2 Nuclear Equations
curie (Ci)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
D
d orbitals
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
d-block elements
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
Dalton (Da)
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
Dalton’s atomic theory
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
daughter nuclide
21.3 Radioactive Decay
Davisson
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
de Broglie
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
density
1.4 Measurements
deposition
10.3 Phase Transitions
diamagnetic
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
Diffraction
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
diffusion
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
dilute
3.3 Molarity
Dilution
3.3 Molarity
dimensional analysis
1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
dipole moment
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
dipole-dipole attraction
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
Diprotic acids
14.5 Polyprotic Acids
diprotic base
14.5 Polyprotic Acids
dispersed phase
11.5 Colloids
dispersion force
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
dispersion medium
11.5 Colloids
disproportionation reactions
18.4 Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
dissociation
11.2 Electrolytes
dissociation constant (Kd)
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
dissolved
3.3 Molarity
double bond
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
dry cell
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
dynamic equilibrium
10.3 Phase Transitions
E
effective nuclear charge, Zeff
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
effusion
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
Electrical potential
17.1 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
electrical work
17.4 The Nernst Equation
electrolysis
17.7 Electrolysis
electrolytes
11.2 Electrolytes
electrolytic cells
17.7 Electrolysis
electromagnetic radiation
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
electromagnetic spectrum
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
electron
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
electron affinity
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
Electron capture
21.3 Radioactive Decay
electron configuration
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
electron volts (eV)
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
electron-pair geometry
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
electronegativity
7.2 Covalent Bonding
electroplating
17.7 Electrolysis
element
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
elementary reaction
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
empirical formula
2.4 Chemical Formulas
empirical formula mass
3.2 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
emulsifying agent
11.5 Colloids
emulsion
11.5 Colloids
enantiomers
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
end point
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
endothermic process
5.1 Energy Basics
Energy
5.1 Energy Basics
enthalpy (H)
5.3 Enthalpy
enthalpy change (ΔH)
5.3 Enthalpy
entropy (S)
16.2 Entropy
equatorial position
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
equilibrium
13.1 Chemical Equilibria
equilibrium constant (K)
13.2 Equilibrium Constants
equivalence point
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Ethers
20.2 Alcohols and Ethers
exact number
1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
excess reactant
4.4 Reaction Yields
excited electronic state
6.2 The Bohr Model
exothermic process
5.1 Energy Basics
expansion work
5.3 Enthalpy
extensive property
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
external beam radiation therapy
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
F
f orbitals
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
f-block elements
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
face-centered cubic (FCC) solid
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
face-centered cubic unit cell
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
factor-label method
1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
Faraday’s constant
17.4 The Nernst Equation
first law of thermodynamics
5.3 Enthalpy
first transition series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
fissionable
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
formal charge
7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance
formation constant (Kf)
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
formula mass
3.1 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
fourth transition series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
Frasch process
18.10 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur
free radicals
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
freezing
10.3 Phase Transitions
freezing point
10.3 Phase Transitions
freezing point depression
11.4 Colligative Properties
freezing point depression constant
11.4 Colligative Properties
frequency
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
frequency factor
12.5 Collision Theory
fuel cell
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
functional group
20.1 Hydrocarbons
fundamental unit of charge (e)
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
fusion reactor
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
G
Galvanic cells
17.2 Galvanic Cells
galvanized iron
17.6 Corrosion
Gamma emission (γ emission)
21.3 Radioactive Decay
gamma rays (γ)
21.2 Nuclear Equations
Geiger counter
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
gel
11.5 Colloids
Gibbs
16.4 Free Energy
Gibbs free energy change (G)
16.4 Free Energy
Graham’s law of effusion
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
gravimetric analysis
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
gray (Gy)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
Greaney
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
ground electronic state
6.2 The Bohr Model
groups
2.5 The Periodic Table
H
Haber process
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
half-life
21.3 Radioactive Decay
half-life of a reaction (t1/2)
12.4 Integrated Rate Laws
half-reaction
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
half-reaction method
17.1 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Hall–Héroult cell
18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
halogens
2.5 The Periodic Table
Hasselbalch
14.6 Buffers
Heat (q)
5.1 Energy Basics
heat capacity (C)
5.1 Energy Basics
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
hemolysis
11.4 Colligative Properties
Henderson
14.6 Buffers
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
14.6 Buffers
hertz (Hz)
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
heterogeneous catalyst
12.7 Catalysis
heterogeneous equilibrium
13.2 Equilibrium Constants
heterogeneous mixture
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
hexagonal closest packing (HCP)
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
high-spin complexes
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
homogeneous catalyst
12.7 Catalysis
homogeneous equilibrium
13.2 Equilibrium Constants
homogeneous mixture
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
homonuclear diatomic molecules
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
Hückel
11.4 Colligative Properties
Huygens
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
hybrid orbitals
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
hybridization
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
hydrocarbons
5.3 Enthalpy
hydrogen bonding
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
hydrogen carbonates
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
hydrogen halides
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
hydrogen sulfates
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
hydrogen sulfites
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
hydrogenation
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
hydrometallurgy
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
hydrostatic pressure
9.1 Gas Pressure
hypertonic
11.4 Colligative Properties
hypervalent molecules
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
hypothesis
1.1 Chemistry in Context
hypotonic
11.4 Colligative Properties
I
ideal gas constant
9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
ideal solution
11.1 The Dissolution Process
immiscible
11.3 Solubility
indicators
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
induced dipole
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
Inert electrodes
17.2 Galvanic Cells
inert gases
2.5 The Periodic Table
inert pair effect
7.1 Ionic Bonding
initial rate
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates
inner transition metals
2.5 The Periodic Table
insoluble
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
instantaneous dipole
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
instantaneous rate
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates
integrated rate laws
12.4 Integrated Rate Laws
intensive property
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
interference patterns
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
intermediates
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
intermolecular forces
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
internal energy (U)
5.3 Enthalpy
internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy)
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
International System of Units
1.4 Measurements
interstitial sites
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
ion-dipole attraction
11.2 Electrolytes
ion-product constant for water (Kw)
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
ionic compound
2.6 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Ionic solids
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
ionization energy
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
Ionization isomers
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
ionizing radiation
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
isoelectronic
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
isomers
2.4 Chemical Formulas
isomorphous
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
isotonic
11.4 Colligative Properties
isotopes
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
IUPAC
20.1 Hydrocarbons
J
joule (J)
5.1 Energy Basics
K
kelvin (K)
1.4 Measurements
kilogram (kg)
1.4 Measurements
kinetic energy
5.1 Energy Basics
kinetic molecular theory
9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
L
lanthanide series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
lanthanides
2.5 The Periodic Table
lanthanoid series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
lattice energy (ΔHlattice)
7.5 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
law of conservation of matter
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
law of constant composition
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
law of definite proportions
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
law of mass action
13.2 Equilibrium Constants
law of multiple proportions
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
Le Châtelier's principle
13.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
lead acid battery
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
length
1.4 Measurements
leveling effect of water
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
Lewis acid
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis acid-base adduct
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis base
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis structures
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
Lewis symbol
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
limiting reactant
4.4 Reaction Yields
line spectra
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
Linkage isomers
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
liter (L)
1.4 Measurements
Lithium ion batteries
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
London
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
London dispersion force
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
lone pairs
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
low-spin complexes
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
M
macroscopic domain
1.1 Chemistry in Context
magic numbers
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
magnetic quantum number
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
main-group elements
2.5 The Periodic Table
manometer
9.1 Gas Pressure
Marsden
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
mass defect
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
mass number (A)
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
mass percentage
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
mass-energy equivalence equation
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
mass-volume percent
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
Maxwell
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
mean free path
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
melting
10.3 Phase Transitions
melting point
10.3 Phase Transitions
Mendeleev
2.5 The Periodic Table
Metallic solids
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
metalloid
18.1 Periodicity
metalloids
2.5 The Periodic Table
meter (m)
1.4 Measurements
method of initial rates
12.3 Rate Laws
Meyer
2.5 The Periodic Table
microscopic domain
1.1 Chemistry in Context
microstate (W)
16.2 Entropy
millicurie (mCi)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
Millikan
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
milliliter (mL)
1.4 Measurements
miscible
11.3 Solubility
Molality
11.4 Colligative Properties
molar mass
3.1 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
Molarity (M)
3.3 Molarity
mole fraction (X)
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
molecular compounds
2.6 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
molecular equation
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
molecular formula
2.4 Chemical Formulas
molecular mass
2.4 Chemical Formulas
molecular orbital (Ψ2)
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
molecular orbital diagram
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
Molecular orbital theory
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
Molecular solids
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
molecularity
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
Molina
12.7 Catalysis
monatomic ions
2.6 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
monodentate
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
monoprotic acids
14.5 Polyprotic Acids
multiple equilibria
15.3 Multiple Equilibria
N
Nagaoka
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
Nernst equation
17.4 The Nernst Equation
net ionic equation
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
neutral
14.2 pH and pOH
neutralization reaction
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
neutrons
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
Newton
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
Nickel-cadmium
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
nitrogen fixation
18.7 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
noble gases
2.5 The Periodic Table
Nomenclature
2.7 Chemical Nomenclature
nonelectrolytes
11.2 Electrolytes
nonionizing radiation
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
nonmetals
2.5 The Periodic Table
nonspontaneous process
16.1 Spontaneity
normal boiling point
10.3 Phase Transitions
nuclear binding energy
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
Nuclear chemistry
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
Nuclear fuel
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
nuclear moderator
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
nuclear reactions
21.2 Nuclear Equations
nuclear reactor
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
Nuclear transmutation
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
nucleons
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
nucleus
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
nutritional calorie (Calorie)
5.2 Calorimetry
O
octahedral
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
octahedral hole
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
octet rule
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
optical isomers
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
Orbital diagrams
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
organic compounds
20.1 Hydrocarbons
osmosis
11.4 Colligative Properties
osmotic pressure (Π)
11.4 Colligative Properties
Ostwald process
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
overall reaction order
12.3 Rate Laws
overlap
8.1 Valence Bond Theory
overpotential
17.7 Electrolysis
oxidation
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
oxidation number
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
oxidation state
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
oxidizing agent (oxidant)
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
Oxyanions
2.6 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
P
p orbitals
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
pairing energy (P)
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
paramagnetism
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
parent nuclide
21.3 Radioactive Decay
partial pressure
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
partially miscible
11.3 Solubility
particle accelerators
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
parts per billion (ppb)
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
parts per million (ppm)
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
pascal (Pa)
9.1 Gas Pressure
passivation
18.1 Periodicity
Pauli exclusion principle
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
Pauling
7.2 Covalent Bonding
percent composition
3.2 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
percent ionization
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
percent yield
4.4 Reaction Yields
periodic law
2.5 The Periodic Table
periodic table
2.5 The Periodic Table
periods
2.5 The Periodic Table
Perrier
21.2 Nuclear Equations
phase diagram
10.4 Phase Diagrams
photons
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
photosynthesis
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
physical change
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
physical property
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
pi (π) bonding molecular orbital
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
pi bond (π bond)
8.1 Valence Bond Theory
Pidgeon process
18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
platinum metals
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
pnictogens
2.5 The Periodic Table
pOH
14.2 pH and pOH
polar covalent bond
7.2 Covalent Bonding
polar molecule
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
polarizability
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
polyatomic ions
2.6 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
polydentate ligand
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
position of equilibrium
13.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
Positron emission (β+ decay
21.3 Radioactive Decay
Positrons
21.2 Nuclear Equations
potential energy
5.1 Energy Basics
pounds per square inch (psi)
9.1 Gas Pressure
precipitate
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
precipitation reaction
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
pressure
9.1 Gas Pressure
Primary batteries
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
principal quantum number
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
pure covalent bond
7.2 Covalent Bonding
pure substance
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
Q
quantitative analysis
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
quantization
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
quantum mechanics
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
quantum numbers
6.2 The Bohr Model
R
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
Radiation dosimeters
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
Radiation therapy
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
radioactive decay
21.3 Radioactive Decay
radioactive decay series
21.3 Radioactive Decay
radioactive label
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
radioactive tracer
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
radioactivity
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
radiocarbon dating
21.3 Radioactive Decay
radioisotope
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
radiometric dating
21.3 Radioactive Decay
Raoult’s law
11.4 Colligative Properties
rare earth elements
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
rate constant
12.3 Rate Laws
rate equations
12.3 Rate Laws
rate expression
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates
Rate laws
12.3 Rate Laws
rate of diffusion
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
rate of reaction
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates
rate-limiting step
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
reaction mechanism
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
reaction order
12.3 Rate Laws
reaction quotient (Q)
13.2 Equilibrium Constants
reactor coolant
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
reducing agent (reductant)
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
reduction
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
reduction half-reaction
17.1 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
relative biological effectiveness
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
representative metals
18.1 Periodicity
resonance
7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance
resonance forms
7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance
resonance hybrid
7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance
reversible process
16.2 Entropy
reversible reaction
13.1 Chemical Equilibria
roentgen equivalent for man (rem)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
root mean square velocity
9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Rydberg
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
S
s orbitals
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
s-p mixing
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
sacrificial anodes
17.6 Corrosion
saturated
11.3 Solubility
saturated hydrocarbons
20.1 Hydrocarbons
scientific method
1.1 Chemistry in Context
scintillation counter
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
second (s)
1.4 Measurements
second law of thermodynamics
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
second transition series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
Secondary batteries
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
Segre
21.2 Nuclear Equations
selective precipitation
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution
semipermeable membranes
11.4 Colligative Properties
series
2.5 The Periodic Table
SI Units
1.4 Measurements
sievert (Sv)
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
sigma bonds (σ bonds)
8.1 Valence Bond Theory
significant digits
1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
significant figures
1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
simple cubic structure
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
simple cubic unit cell
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
single bond
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
Single-displacement (replacement) reactions
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
skeletal structure
20.1 Hydrocarbons
solubility product (Ksp)
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution
solute
3.3 Molarity
solvation
11.1 The Dissolution Process
solvent
3.3 Molarity
sp hybrid orbitals
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
sp2 hybrid orbitals
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
sp3 hybrid orbitals
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
sp3d hybrid orbitals
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
sp3d2 hybrid orbitals
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
space lattice
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
spatial isomers
2.4 Chemical Formulas
specific heat capacity (c)
5.1 Energy Basics
spectator ions
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
spectrochemical series
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
spin quantum number
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
standard cell potential
17.3 Standard Reduction Potentials
Standard enthalpy of combustion
5.3 Enthalpy
standard enthalpy of formation
5.3 Enthalpy
Standard entropies
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
standard entropy change (ΔS°)
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
standard free energy change (ΔG°)
16.4 Free Energy
standard free energy of formation
16.4 Free Energy
standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
17.3 Standard Reduction Potentials
standard molar volume
9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
standard state
5.3 Enthalpy
standard temperature and pressure (STP)
9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
Standing waves
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
state function
5.3 Enthalpy
stationary waves
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
stepwise ionization
14.5 Polyprotic Acids
stoichiometric factors
4.3 Reaction Stoichiometry
stoichiometry
4.3 Reaction Stoichiometry
strong acids
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
strong bases
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
strong electrolyte
11.2 Electrolytes
strong nuclear force
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
strong-field ligands
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
structural formula
2.4 Chemical Formulas
structural isomers
2.4 Chemical Formulas
subcritical mass
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
sublimation
10.3 Phase Transitions
subshell
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
substituents
20.1 Hydrocarbons
substitution reaction
20.1 Hydrocarbons
superconductor
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
supercritical fluid
10.4 Phase Diagrams
supercritical mass
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
supersaturated
11.3 Solubility
Surface tension
10.2 Properties of Liquids
surroundings
5.2 Calorimetry
symbolic domain
1.1 Chemistry in Context
system
5.2 Calorimetry
T
termolecular reaction
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
tetrahedral
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
tetrahedral hole
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
theoretical yield
4.4 Reaction Yields
theories
1.1 Chemistry in Context
Thermal energy
5.1 Energy Basics
thermochemistry
5.1 Energy Basics
third law of thermodynamics
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
third transition series
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
Thomson
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
titration analysis
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
titration curve
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations
torr
9.1 Gas Pressure
trans configuration
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
transition metals
2.5 The Periodic Table
transition state
12.5 Collision Theory
transmutation
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
transuranium elements
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
trigonal bipyramidal
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
trigonal planar
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
triple bond
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures
triple point
10.4 Phase Diagrams
triprotic acid
14.5 Polyprotic Acids
Tyndall effect
11.5 Colloids
U
unified atomic mass unit (u)
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
unimolecular reaction
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
unit conversion factor
1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
Units
1.4 Measurements
unsaturated
11.3 Solubility
V
Vacancies
10.5 The Solid State of Matter
Valence bond theory
8.1 Valence Bond Theory
valence electrons
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory)
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity
van der Waals equation
9.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
van der Waals forces
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
van’t Hoff factor (i)
11.4 Colligative Properties
vapor pressure
10.3 Phase Transitions
vapor pressure of water
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
vaporization
10.3 Phase Transitions
viscosity
10.2 Properties of Liquids
voltaic cells
17.2 Galvanic Cells
Volume
1.4 Measurements
volume percentage
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
W
wave-particle duality
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
wavefunctions
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory
wavelength
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy
weak acids
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
weak bases
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
weak electrolyte
11.2 Electrolytes
weak-field ligands
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
Wohler
Introduction
work (w)
5.1 Energy Basics
X
X-ray crystallography
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
Y