Skip to Content
OpenStax Logo
Anatomy and Physiology

Index

Anatomy and PhysiologyIndex
Buy book
  1. Preface
  2. Unit 1: Levels of Organization
    1. 1 An Introduction to the Human Body
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
      3. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
      4. 1.3 Functions of Human Life
      5. 1.4 Requirements for Human Life
      6. 1.5 Homeostasis
      7. 1.6 Anatomical Terminology
      8. 1.7 Medical Imaging
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Interactive Link Questions
      12. Review Questions
      13. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
      3. 2.2 Chemical Bonds
      4. 2.3 Chemical Reactions
      5. 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
      6. 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Cell Membrane
      3. 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
      4. 3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
      5. 3.4 Protein Synthesis
      6. 3.5 Cell Growth and Division
      7. 3.6 Cellular Differentiation
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Review
      10. Interactive Link Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 Types of Tissues
      3. 4.2 Epithelial Tissue
      4. 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
      5. 4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion
      6. 4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
      7. 4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Review
      10. Interactive Link Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
  3. Unit 2: Support and Movement
    1. 5 The Integumentary System
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 Layers of the Skin
      3. 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
      4. 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
      5. 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Review
      8. Interactive Link Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 6 Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
      3. 6.2 Bone Classification
      4. 6.3 Bone Structure
      5. 6.4 Bone Formation and Development
      6. 6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
      7. 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
      8. 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 7 Axial Skeleton
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
      3. 7.2 The Skull
      4. 7.3 The Vertebral Column
      5. 7.4 The Thoracic Cage
      6. 7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
      3. 8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
      4. 8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
      5. 8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
      6. 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 9 Joints
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 Classification of Joints
      3. 9.2 Fibrous Joints
      4. 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
      5. 9.4 Synovial Joints
      6. 9.5 Types of Body Movements
      7. 9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
      8. 9.7 Development of Joints
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Interactive Link Questions
      12. Review Questions
      13. Critical Thinking Questions
    6. 10 Muscle Tissue
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
      3. 10.2 Skeletal Muscle
      4. 10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
      5. 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
      6. 10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
      7. 10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
      8. 10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
      9. 10.8 Smooth Muscle
      10. 10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
      11. Key Terms
      12. Chapter Review
      13. Interactive Link Questions
      14. Review Questions
      15. Critical Thinking Questions
    7. 11 The Muscular System
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
      3. 11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
      4. 11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
      5. 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
      6. 11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
      7. 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Review
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
  4. Unit 3: Regulation, Integration, and Control
    1. 12 The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
      3. 12.2 Nervous Tissue
      4. 12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
      5. 12.4 The Action Potential
      6. 12.5 Communication Between Neurons
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 13 Anatomy of the Nervous System
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
      3. 13.2 The Central Nervous System
      4. 13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
      5. 13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Review
      8. Interactive Link Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 14 The Somatic Nervous System
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 Sensory Perception
      3. 14.2 Central Processing
      4. 14.3 Motor Responses
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Review
      7. Interactive Link Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 15 The Autonomic Nervous System
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
      3. 15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
      4. 15.3 Central Control
      5. 15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
      6. Key Terms
      7. Chapter Review
      8. Interactive Link Questions
      9. Review Questions
      10. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 16 The Neurological Exam
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
      3. 16.2 The Mental Status Exam
      4. 16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
      5. 16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
      6. 16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    6. 17 The Endocrine System
      1. Introduction
      2. 17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
      3. 17.2 Hormones
      4. 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
      5. 17.4 The Thyroid Gland
      6. 17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
      7. 17.6 The Adrenal Glands
      8. 17.7 The Pineal Gland
      9. 17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
      10. 17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
      11. 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
      12. 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System
      13. Key Terms
      14. Chapter Review
      15. Interactive Link Questions
      16. Review Questions
      17. Critical Thinking Questions
  5. Unit 4: Fluids and Transport
    1. 18 The Cardiovascular System: Blood
      1. Introduction
      2. 18.1 An Overview of Blood
      3. 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
      4. 18.3 Erythrocytes
      5. 18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
      6. 18.5 Hemostasis
      7. 18.6 Blood Typing
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Review
      10. Interactive Link Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
      1. Introduction
      2. 19.1 Heart Anatomy
      3. 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
      4. 19.3 Cardiac Cycle
      5. 19.4 Cardiac Physiology
      6. 19.5 Development of the Heart
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 20 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
      1. Introduction
      2. 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
      3. 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
      4. 20.3 Capillary Exchange
      5. 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
      6. 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
      7. 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
      8. Key Terms
      9. Chapter Review
      10. Interactive Link Questions
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 21 The Lymphatic and Immune System
      1. Introduction
      2. 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
      3. 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
      4. 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
      5. 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
      6. 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
      7. 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
      8. 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Interactive Link Questions
      12. Review Questions
      13. Critical Thinking Questions
  6. Unit 5: Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange
    1. 22 The Respiratory System
      1. Introduction
      2. 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
      3. 22.2 The Lungs
      4. 22.3 The Process of Breathing
      5. 22.4 Gas Exchange
      6. 22.5 Transport of Gases
      7. 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
      8. 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Interactive Link Questions
      12. Review Questions
      13. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 23 The Digestive System
      1. Introduction
      2. 23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
      3. 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
      4. 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
      5. 23.4 The Stomach
      6. 23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
      7. 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
      8. 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Interactive Link Questions
      12. Review Questions
      13. Critical Thinking Questions
    3. 24 Metabolism and Nutrition
      1. Introduction
      2. 24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
      3. 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
      4. 24.3 Lipid Metabolism
      5. 24.4 Protein Metabolism
      6. 24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
      7. 24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
      8. 24.7 Nutrition and Diet
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Review Questions
      12. Critical Thinking Questions
    4. 25 The Urinary System
      1. Introduction
      2. 25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
      3. 25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
      4. 25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
      5. 25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
      6. 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
      7. 25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
      8. 25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
      9. 25.8 Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
      10. 25.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
      11. 25.10 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
      12. Key Terms
      13. Chapter Review
      14. Review Questions
      15. Critical Thinking Questions
    5. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
      1. Introduction
      2. 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
      3. 26.2 Water Balance
      4. 26.3 Electrolyte Balance
      5. 26.4 Acid-Base Balance
      6. 26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
      7. Key Terms
      8. Chapter Review
      9. Interactive Link Questions
      10. Review Questions
      11. Critical Thinking Questions
  7. Unit 6: Human Development and the Continuity of Life
    1. 27 The Reproductive System
      1. Introduction
      2. 27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
      3. 27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
      4. 27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
      5. Key Terms
      6. Chapter Review
      7. Interactive Link Questions
      8. Review Questions
      9. Critical Thinking Questions
    2. 28 Development and Inheritance
      1. Introduction
      2. 28.1 Fertilization
      3. 28.2 Embryonic Development
      4. 28.3 Fetal Development
      5. 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
      6. 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
      7. 28.6 Lactation
      8. 28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
      9. Key Terms
      10. Chapter Review
      11. Interactive Link Questions
      12. Review Questions
      13. Critical Thinking Questions
  8. References
  9. Index
Symbols
α-dextrin23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
α-dextrinase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
A
abdominal aorta20.5 Circulatory Pathways
abdominopelvic cavity1.6 Anatomical Terminology
abducens nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
abduct11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Abduction9.5 Types of Body Movements
abductor11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
abductor digiti minimi11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
abductor pollicis brevis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
abductor pollicis longus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
ABO blood group18.6 Blood Typing
absolute refractory period12.4 The Action Potential
absorption23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
absorptive state24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
accessory digestive organ23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
accessory duct23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
Acclimatization22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
accommodation16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
accommodation–convergence reflex16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
acetabular labrum9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
acetabulum8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
acetylcholine (ACh)10.2 Skeletal Muscle, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
acid2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
acinus23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
Acne5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
acromegaly17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
acromial end of the clavicle8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acromial process8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acromioclavicular joint8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acromion8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
acrosomal reaction28.1 Fertilization
acrosome28.1 Fertilization
actin10.2 Skeletal Muscle
action potential10.2 Skeletal Muscle, 12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
activation energy2.3 Chemical Reactions
activation gate12.4 The Action Potential
Active immunity21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
active transport3.1 The Cell Membrane
Acute inflammation21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Acute mountain sickness (AMS)22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
adaptive immune response21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
adduction9.5 Types of Body Movements
adductor11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
adductor brevis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
adductor longus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
adductor magnus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
adductor pollicis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
adductor tubercle8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)1.3 Functions of Human Life, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
adenylyl cyclase17.2 Hormones
Adipocytes4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Adipose tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
adrenal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
adrenal cortex17.6 The Adrenal Glands
adrenal glands17.6 The Adrenal Glands
adrenal medulla15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 17.6 The Adrenal Glands
adrenal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
adrenergic15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Aerobic respiration10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
afferent branch15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
afferent lymphatic vessels21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
afterbirth28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
Afterload19.4 Cardiac Physiology
agglutination18.6 Blood Typing
agonist11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, 15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
agranular leukocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
ala22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alar cartilage22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alar plate13.2 The Central Nervous System
alarm reaction17.6 The Adrenal Glands
Albinism5.1 Layers of the Skin
Albumin18.1 An Overview of Blood
Aldosterone17.6 The Adrenal Glands
alimentary canal23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
Alkaloids14.1 Sensory Perception
allantois28.2 Embryonic Development
allele28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
alpha (α)-adrenergic receptor15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
alpha cell17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
Alveolar dead space22.3 The Process of Breathing
alveolar duct22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alveolar macrophage22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alveolar pores22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Alveolar process of the mandible7.2 The Skull
alveolar process of the maxilla7.2 The Skull
alveolar sac22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
alveoli27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
alveolus22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
amacrine cells14.1 Sensory Perception
amino acid2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
aminopeptidase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
amnion28.2 Embryonic Development
amniotic cavity28.2 Embryonic Development
amphiarthrosis9.1 Classification of Joints
amphipathic3.1 The Cell Membrane
ampulla14.1 Sensory Perception, 27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
amygdala13.2 The Central Nervous System
Anabolic hormones24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
anabolic reactions24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
anabolism1.3 Functions of Human Life, 1.3 Functions of Human Life
anagen5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
anal canal23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
anal column23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
anal sinus23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
anal triangle11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
Anaphase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
Anaphylactic shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
anastomosis19.1 Heart Anatomy
anatomical dead space22.3 The Process of Breathing
anatomical neck8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
anatomical position1.6 Anatomical Terminology
anatomical sphincter25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
anatomy1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
anchoring junction4.2 Epithelial Tissue
anconeus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
anemia18.3 Erythrocytes
angioblasts20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
angiogenesis10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
angiotensin I25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
Angiotensin II25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
angiotensin-converting enzyme17.6 The Adrenal Glands
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
angiotensinogen25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
angle of the mandible7.2 The Skull
angle of the rib7.4 The Thoracic Cage
anion2.2 Chemical Bonds
ankle joint8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
annular ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
anosmia14.1 Sensory Perception
antagonist11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, 15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
Anterior1.6 Anatomical Terminology
anterior (ventral) sacral foramen7.3 The Vertebral Column
anterior arch7.3 The Vertebral Column
anterior border of the tibia8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
anterior cardiac veins19.1 Heart Anatomy
anterior cerebral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterior columns13.2 The Central Nervous System
anterior communicating artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterior compartment of the arm11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
anterior compartment of the forearm11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
anterior compartment of the leg11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
anterior compartment of the thigh11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
anterior corticospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses
anterior cranial fossa7.2 The Skull
anterior cruciate ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
anterior horn13.2 The Central Nervous System
anterior inferior iliac spine8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
anterior interventricular artery19.1 Heart Anatomy
anterior interventricular sulcus19.1 Heart Anatomy
anterior longitudinal ligament7.3 The Vertebral Column
anterior median fissure13.2 The Central Nervous System
anterior sacroiliac ligament8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
anterior scalene11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
anterior spinal artery13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
anterior superior iliac spine8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
anterior talofibular ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
anterior tibial artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterior tibial vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
anterograde amnesia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
antibodies18.1 An Overview of Blood
antibody21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
anticholinergic drugs15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
anticoagulant18.5 Hemostasis
anticodon3.4 Protein Synthesis
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 26.2 Water Balance
antigen21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
antigen presentation21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Antigen processing21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
antigen receptor21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
antigenic determinant21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Antithrombin18.5 Hemostasis
antrum27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
anulus fibrosus7.3 The Vertebral Column
anuria25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
aorta20.5 Circulatory Pathways
aortic arch20.5 Circulatory Pathways
aortic hiatus20.5 Circulatory Pathways
aortic sinuses20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
aortic valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
apex22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
aphasia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
apical4.2 Epithelial Tissue
apical ectodermal ridge8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
apneustic center22.3 The Process of Breathing
Apocrine secretion4.2 Epithelial Tissue
apocrine sweat gland5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
aponeurosis10.2 Skeletal Muscle
Apoptosis4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
appendicular11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
appendicular skeleton7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
appendix23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
aquaporin25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
aqueous humor14.1 Sensory Perception
arachnoid granulations13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
arachnoid mater13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
arachnoid trabeculae13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
arcuate line of the ilium8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
areola27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Areolar tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
arm8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
arrector pili5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
arterial circle20.5 Circulatory Pathways
arteriole20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
arteriovenous anastomosis20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
artery20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
articular capsule9.4 Synovial Joints
articular cartilage6.3 Bone Structure, 9.4 Synovial Joints
articular disc9.4 Synovial Joints
Articular tubercle7.2 The Skull
articulation6.3 Bone Structure, 9.1 Classification of Joints
artificial pacemaker19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
ascending aorta20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ascending colon23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
ascending pathway14.2 Central Processing
Ascending tracts13.2 The Central Nervous System
association area14.2 Central Processing
Astrocyte4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, 12.2 Nervous Tissue
ataxia16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
atlanto-occipital joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
atlantoaxial joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
atlas7.3 The Vertebral Column
Atmospheric pressure22.3 The Process of Breathing
atom2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
atomic number2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
ATP synthase24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
ATPase10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
atrial reflex19.4 Cardiac Physiology, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
atrioventricular (AV) node19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
atrioventricular bundle19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
atrioventricular bundle branches19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
atrioventricular septum19.1 Heart Anatomy
atrioventricular valves19.1 Heart Anatomy
atrium19.1 Heart Anatomy
atrophy4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging, 10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
audition14.1 Sensory Perception
auricle14.1 Sensory Perception, 19.1 Heart Anatomy
auricular surface of the ilium8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
autocrine17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
autolysis3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
autonomic nervous system (ANS)12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
autonomic tone15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis, 19.4 Cardiac Physiology
Autophagy3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
autorhythmicity10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
autosomal chromosomes28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
autosomal dominant28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
autosomal recessive28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
axial11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
axial skeleton7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
axillary artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
axillary nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
axillary vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
axis7.3 The Vertebral Column
axon12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
axon hillock12.2 Nervous Tissue
axon segment12.2 Nervous Tissue
axon terminal12.2 Nervous Tissue
axoplasm12.2 Nervous Tissue
azygos vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
B
B cells21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
B lymphocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Babinski sign16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Bachmann’s bundle19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
bacterial flora23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
Bainbridge reflex19.4 Cardiac Physiology
ball-and-socket joint9.4 Synovial Joints
baroreceptor15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
baroreceptor reflex19.4 Cardiac Physiology
Barrier defenses21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Bartholin’s glands27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
basal cell5.1 Layers of the Skin
Basal cell carcinoma5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
basal forebrain13.2 The Central Nervous System
basal lamina4.2 Epithelial Tissue
basal metabolic rate (BMR)24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
basal nuclei13.2 The Central Nervous System
basal plate13.2 The Central Nervous System
base2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
base of the metatarsal bone8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
basement membrane4.2 Epithelial Tissue
basilar artery13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
basilar membrane14.1 Sensory Perception
basilic vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Basophils18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
bedsore5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
belly11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
beta (β)-adrenergic receptor15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
beta (β)-hydroxybutyrate24.3 Lipid Metabolism
beta (β)-oxidation24.3 Lipid Metabolism
beta cell17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
Betz cells14.3 Motor Responses
bi11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
biaxial joint9.1 Classification of Joints
biceps brachii11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
biceps femoris11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
bicipital groove8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
bicuspid valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
Bile23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
bile canaliculus23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
bile salts24.3 Lipid Metabolism
bilirubin18.3 Erythrocytes, 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
biliverdin18.3 Erythrocytes
binocular depth cues14.2 Central Processing
biogenic amine12.5 Communication Between Neurons
biosynthesis reactions24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
bipennate11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Bipolar12.2 Nervous Tissue
bipolar cells14.1 Sensory Perception
blastocoel28.2 Embryonic Development
blastocyst28.2 Embryonic Development
blastomere28.2 Embryonic Development
blood18.1 An Overview of Blood
blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)20.3 Capillary Exchange
Blood flow20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Blood hydrostatic pressure20.3 Capillary Exchange
blood islands20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
blood pressure20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
blood-brain barrier (BBB)12.2 Nervous Tissue
blood–testis barrier27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
body23.4 The Stomach
body mass index (BMI)24.7 Nutrition and Diet
body of the rib7.4 The Thoracic Cage
body of uterus27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Bohr effect22.5 Transport of Gases
bolus23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
bond2.2 Chemical Bonds
Bone6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
bone marrow21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
bone marrow biopsy18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
bone marrow transplant18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Bowman’s capsule25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
Boyle’s law22.3 The Process of Breathing
brachial artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
brachial plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
brachial vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
brachialis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
brachiocephalic vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
brachioradialis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
brain12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
brain case7.2 The Skull
brain stem13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Braxton Hicks contractions28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
brevis11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
bridge22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
broad ligament27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Broca’s area13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.3 Motor Responses
Brodmann’s areas13.2 The Central Nervous System
bronchi22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
bronchial artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
bronchial bud22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
bronchial tree22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
bronchial vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
bronchiole22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
bronchoconstriction22.2 The Lungs
bronchodilation22.2 The Lungs
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
brown adipose tissue28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
brush border23.5 The Small and Large Intestines, 25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
buccinator11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
buffer2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
buffy coat18.1 An Overview of Blood
bulbourethral glands27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
bulbus cordis19.5 Development of the Heart
bundle of His19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
bursa9.4 Synovial Joints
C
calcaneal tendon11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
calcaneofibular ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
calcaneus8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
calcitonin17.4 The Thyroid Gland
callus5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
calmodulin10.8 Smooth Muscle
Calorie24.7 Nutrition and Diet
calvaria7.2 The Skull
calyces25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
canaliculi6.3 Bone Structure
capacitance20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capacitance vessels20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capacitation28.1 Fertilization
capillary20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capillary bed20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)20.3 Capillary Exchange
capitate8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
capitulum8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
capsaicin14.1 Sensory Perception
carbaminohemoglobin18.3 Erythrocytes, 22.5 Transport of Gases
carbohydrate2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)22.5 Transport of Gases
cardia23.4 The Stomach
cardiac accelerator nerves15.3 Central Control
cardiac cycle19.3 Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac muscle4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion, 10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
cardiac notch19.1 Heart Anatomy, 22.2 The Lungs
Cardiac output (CO)19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac plexus19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac reflexes19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac reserve19.4 Cardiac Physiology
cardiac skeleton19.1 Heart Anatomy
cardiogenic area19.5 Development of the Heart
cardiogenic cords19.5 Development of the Heart
Cardiogenic shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
cardiomyocyte19.1 Heart Anatomy
cardiovascular center15.3 Central Control
Carotid canal7.2 The Skull, 7.2 The Skull, 13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
carotid sinuses20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
carpal bone8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
carpal tunnel8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
carpometacarpal joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
carrier28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
cartilage6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
cartilaginous joint9.1 Classification of Joints
Catabolic hormones24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
Catabolic reactions24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
catabolism1.3 Functions of Human Life, 1.3 Functions of Human Life
catagen5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
catalyst2.3 Chemical Reactions
cation2.2 Chemical Bonds
cauda equina13.2 The Central Nervous System
caudal1.6 Anatomical Terminology
caudate13.2 The Central Nervous System
caval opening11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
cavernous sinus20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cecum23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
celiac ganglion15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
celiac trunk20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cell1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
cell cycle3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cell junction4.2 Epithelial Tissue
cell membrane3.1 The Cell Membrane
cellular respiration24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
cementum23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
central canal6.3 Bone Structure, 13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
central chemoreceptor22.3 The Process of Breathing
central nervous system (CNS)12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
central neuron15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
central sulcus13.2 The Central Nervous System
Central tolerance21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
central vein23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
centriole3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
centromere3.5 Cell Growth and Division
centrosome3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cephalic flexure13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
cephalic phase23.4 The Stomach
cephalic vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cerebellum13.2 The Central Nervous System
cerebral aqueduct13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
cerebral cortex12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue, 13.2 The Central Nervous System
cerebral hemisphere13.2 The Central Nervous System
cerebral peduncles14.3 Motor Responses
cerebrocerebellum16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)12.2 Nervous Tissue
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cerebrum13.2 The Central Nervous System
cervical curve7.3 The Vertebral Column
cervical enlargement14.3 Motor Responses
cervical plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
cervical vertebrae7.3 The Vertebral Column
cervix27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
channel protein3.1 The Cell Membrane
check reflex16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
checkpoint3.5 Cell Growth and Division
chemical digestion23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
Chemical energy2.3 Chemical Reactions
chemical synapse12.5 Communication Between Neurons
chemokine21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
chemoreceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
chief cells23.4 The Stomach
chief sensory nucleus14.2 Central Processing
chloride shift22.5 Transport of Gases
cholecystokinin (CCK)24.3 Lipid Metabolism
cholinergic15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
cholinergic system12.5 Communication Between Neurons
chondrocytes4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
chordae tendineae19.1 Heart Anatomy
chorion28.2 Embryonic Development
chorionic membrane28.2 Embryonic Development
chorionic villi28.2 Embryonic Development
choroid14.1 Sensory Perception
choroid plexus12.2 Nervous Tissue, 13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
chromaffin17.6 The Adrenal Glands
chromaffin cells15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
chromatin3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
chromosome3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
Chronic inflammation21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
chyle21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
chylomicron23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
chylomicrons24.3 Lipid Metabolism
chyme23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
chymotrypsin24.4 Protein Metabolism
chymotrypsinogen24.4 Protein Metabolism
Cilia3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
ciliary body14.1 Sensory Perception
ciliary ganglion15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
circadian rhythm14.2 Central Processing
circle of Willis13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Circular11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
circular fold23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
circulatory shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
Circumduction9.5 Types of Body Movements
circumflex artery19.1 Heart Anatomy
cisterna chyli21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
citric acid cycle24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
clasp-knife response16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Class switching21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
clavicle8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
clavicular notch7.4 The Thoracic Cage
cleavage28.2 Embryonic Development
cleavage furrow3.5 Cell Growth and Division
clitoris27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
clonal anergy21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
clonal deletion21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
clonal expansion21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Clonal selection21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
clone21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
closed reduction6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
Clotting4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
clotting factors18.5 Hemostasis
coagulation18.5 Hemostasis
coccyx7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
cochlea14.1 Sensory Perception
cochlear duct14.1 Sensory Perception
Codominance28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
codon3.4 Protein Synthesis
Collagen fiber4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Collateral ganglia15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
colloid2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 17.4 The Thyroid Gland
colon23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
colostrum28.6 Lactation
common bile duct23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
common carotid arteries13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
common carotid artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common hepatic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common hepatic duct23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
common iliac artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common iliac vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
common pathway18.5 Hemostasis
compact bone6.3 Bone Structure
complement21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Compliance20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
compound2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.2 Chemical Bonds
compressor urethrae11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
Computed tomography (CT)1.7 Medical Imaging
concentration2.3 Chemical Reactions
concentration gradient3.1 The Cell Membrane
concentric contraction10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
conceptus28.2 Embryonic Development
conducting zone22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Conduction24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
Conduction aphasia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
conductive hearing16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
condylar process of the mandible7.2 The Skull
condyle7.2 The Skull
condyloid joint9.4 Synovial Joints
cone photoreceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
conjugate gaze16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Connective tissue4.1 Types of Tissues
connective tissue membrane4.1 Types of Tissues
Connective tissue proper4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
constant region domain21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
continuous capillary20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
continuous conduction12.4 The Action Potential
Contractility10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
contraction phase10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
contralateral14.1 Sensory Perception
control center1.5 Homeostasis
Convection24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
convergence16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
convergent11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
coordination exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
coracobrachialis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
coracoclavicular ligament8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
coracohumeral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
coracoid process8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
corn5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
cornea14.1 Sensory Perception
corneal reflex14.3 Motor Responses
corona radiata28.1 Fertilization
coronal suture7.2 The Skull
Coronary arteries19.1 Heart Anatomy
coronary sinus19.1 Heart Anatomy
coronary sulcus19.1 Heart Anatomy
Coronary veins19.1 Heart Anatomy
coronoid fossa8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
coronoid process of the mandible7.2 The Skull
coronoid process of the ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
corpus albicans27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
corpus callosum13.2 The Central Nervous System
corpus cavernosum27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
corpus luteum27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
corpus spongiosum27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
corrugator supercilii11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
cortex5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
cortical nephrons25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
cortical reaction28.1 Fertilization
cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
corticobulbar tract14.3 Motor Responses
corticospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses
cortisol17.6 The Adrenal Glands
costal cartilage7.4 The Thoracic Cage
costal facet7.3 The Vertebral Column
costal groove7.4 The Thoracic Cage
costoclavicular ligament8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
countercurrent multiplier system25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
covalent bond2.2 Chemical Bonds
coxal bone8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
cranial1.6 Anatomical Terminology
cranial cavity1.6 Anatomical Terminology, 7.2 The Skull
cranial nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
cranial nerve exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
cranial nerve ganglion13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
craniosacral system15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
cranium7.2 The Skull
Creatine phosphate10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
cribriform plate7.2 The Skull
cricoid cartilage22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
crista galli7.2 The Skull
crown23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
cuboid8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
cupula14.1 Sensory Perception
cuspids23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
cutaneous membrane4.1 Types of Tissues
cuticle5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)17.2 Hormones
cyclin3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cystic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
cystic duct23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
cytoarchitecture16.2 The Mental Status Exam
cytokine21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Cytokines18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Cytokinesis3.5 Cell Growth and Division
cytoplasm3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
cytoskeleton3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Cytosol3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
D
Dalton’s law22.4 Gas Exchange
deciduous teeth23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
decomposition reaction2.3 Chemical Reactions
decussates14.2 Central Processing
Deep1.6 Anatomical Terminology
deep anterior compartment11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
deep femoral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
deep femoral vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
deep posterior compartment of the forearm11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
deep tendon reflex16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
deep transverse perineal11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
defecation23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
defensins18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
deglutition11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
dehydration26.2 Water Balance
Delayed hypersensitivity21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
delta cell17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
deltoid11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
deltoid ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
deltoid tuberosity8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Denaturation2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
dendrite12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
dens7.3 The Vertebral Column
dense body10.8 Smooth Muscle
dense connective tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
dentes23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
dentin23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
dentition23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
deoxyhemoglobin18.3 Erythrocytes
deoxyribonuclease23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
depolarization12.4 The Action Potential
depolarize10.2 Skeletal Muscle
Depression9.5 Types of Body Movements
dermal papilla5.1 Layers of the Skin
dermis5.1 Layers of the Skin
descending aorta20.5 Circulatory Pathways
descending colon23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
descending tracts13.2 The Central Nervous System
desmosome5.1 Layers of the Skin, 10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
detrusor muscle25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
Development1.3 Functions of Human Life
diabetes mellitus17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
diacylglycerol (DAG)17.2 Hormones
diapedesis18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
diaphragm11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
diaphysis6.3 Bone Structure
diarthrosis9.1 Classification of Joints
diastole19.3 Cardiac Cycle
diastolic pressure20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
diencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
differentiation1.3 Functions of Human Life
Diffusion3.1 The Cell Membrane
digastric11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
digital arteries20.5 Circulatory Pathways
digital veins20.5 Circulatory Pathways
dihydroxyvitamin D26.3 Electrolyte Balance
dilation28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
dipeptidase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
diploë6.3 Bone Structure
diploid3.5 Cell Growth and Division
diplopia16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
direct pathway13.2 The Central Nervous System
disaccharide2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
disinhibition13.2 The Central Nervous System
Distal1.6 Anatomical Terminology
distal convoluted tubules25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
distal radioulnar joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
distal tibiofibular joint8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
disulfide bond2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Diuresis26.2 Water Balance
diuretic25.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
DNA polymerase3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
DNA replication3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
dominant28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Dominant lethal28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
dorsal1.6 Anatomical Terminology
dorsal (posterior) cavity1.6 Anatomical Terminology
dorsal (posterior) nerve root13.2 The Central Nervous System
dorsal (posterior) root ganglion13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
dorsal arch20.5 Circulatory Pathways
dorsal column system14.2 Central Processing
dorsal group11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
dorsal interossei11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus15.3 Central Control
dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
dorsal respiratory group (DRG)22.3 The Process of Breathing
dorsal stream14.2 Central Processing
dorsal venous arch20.5 Circulatory Pathways
dorsalis pedis artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Dorsiflexion9.5 Types of Body Movements
dorsum nasi22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
downregulation17.2 Hormones
ductus arteriosus20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 28.3 Fetal Development
ductus deferens27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
ductus venosus20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 28.3 Fetal Development
duodenal glands23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
duodenum23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
dura mater13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
dural sinuses13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
E
ear ossicles7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
early induced immune response21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
eccentric contraction10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
eccrine sweat gland5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
ectoderm4.1 Types of Tissues, 28.2 Embryonic Development
ectopic pregnancy28.2 Embryonic Development
Eczema5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
edema16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
Edinger–Westphal nucleus15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
effector1.5 Homeostasis
effector protein12.5 Communication Between Neurons
effector T cells21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
efferent arteriole25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
efferent branch15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
efferent lymphatic vessels21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
ejaculatory duct27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
ejection fraction19.4 Cardiac Physiology
elastase24.4 Protein Metabolism
elastic artery20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Elastic cartilage4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Elastic fiber4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
elasticity10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
Elastin fibers5.1 Layers of the Skin
elbow joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb, 9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
electrical gradient3.1 The Cell Membrane
electrical synapse12.5 Communication Between Neurons
electrocardiogram (ECG)19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
electrochemical exclusion12.4 The Action Potential
electron2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
electron shell2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
electron transport chain (ETC)24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
eleiden5.1 Layers of the Skin
element2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
elevation9.5 Types of Body Movements
embolus16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam, 18.5 Hemostasis
embryo28.2 Embryonic Development
embryonic folding28.2 Embryonic Development
emigration18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
enamel23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
encapsulated ending14.1 Sensory Perception
end diastolic volume (EDV)19.3 Cardiac Cycle
end systolic volume (ESV)19.3 Cardiac Cycle
endocardial tubes19.5 Development of the Heart
endocardium19.1 Heart Anatomy
endochondral ossification6.4 Bone Formation and Development
endocrine gland4.2 Epithelial Tissue, 17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
endocrine system17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
Endocytosis3.1 The Cell Membrane
endoderm4.1 Types of Tissues, 28.2 Embryonic Development
endogenous15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
endogenous chemical15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
endometrium27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
endomysium10.2 Skeletal Muscle
endoneurium13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
endosteum6.3 Bone Structure
Endothelins25.8 Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
endothelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue, 19.1 Heart Anatomy
energy-consuming phase24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
energy-yielding phase24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
enteric nervous system13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
enteric nervous system (ENS)12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
enteric plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
enteroendocrine cells23.4 The Stomach
enterohepatic circulation23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
enterokinase24.4 Protein Metabolism
enteropeptidase23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
enzyme2.3 Chemical Reactions
Eosinophils18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
ependymal cell12.2 Nervous Tissue
epiblast28.2 Embryonic Development
epicardial coronary arteries19.1 Heart Anatomy
epicardium19.1 Heart Anatomy
epicranial aponeurosis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
epidermis5.1 Layers of the Skin
epididymis27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
epiglottis22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
epimysium10.2 Skeletal Muscle
epinephrine15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 17.6 The Adrenal Glands
epineurium13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
epiphyseal line6.4 Bone Formation and Development
epiphyseal plate6.3 Bone Structure
epiphysis6.3 Bone Structure
epiploic appendages23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
episiotomy28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
episodic memory16.2 The Mental Status Exam
epithalamus13.2 The Central Nervous System
epithelial membrane4.1 Types of Tissues
Epithelial tissue4.1 Types of Tissues
eponychium5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
equilibrium14.1 Sensory Perception
erector spinae group11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
erythroblastosis fetalis21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
erythrocyte18.3 Erythrocytes
erythropoietin (EPO)17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
esophageal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
esophageal plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
esophageal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
esophagus23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
estrogens17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
ethmoid air cell7.2 The Skull
ethmoid bone7.2 The Skull
Evaporation24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
eversion9.5 Types of Body Movements
exchange reaction2.3 Chemical Reactions
excitability10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
excitable membrane12.4 The Action Potential
excitation-contraction coupling10.2 Skeletal Muscle
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)12.5 Communication Between Neurons
executive functions14.3 Motor Responses
exocrine gland4.2 Epithelial Tissue
exocrine system17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
exocytosis3.1 The Cell Membrane
exogenous15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
exogenous chemical15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
exon3.4 Protein Synthesis
expiration22.3 The Process of Breathing
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)22.3 The Process of Breathing
expressive aphasia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
expulsion28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
extensibility10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
extension9.5 Types of Body Movements
extensor11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
extensor carpi radialis brevis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor carpi ulnaris11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor digiti minimi11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor digitorum11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor digitorum brevis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
extensor digitorum longus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
extensor hallucis longus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
extensor indicis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor pollicis brevis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor pollicis longus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor radialis longus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extensor retinaculum11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
External acoustic meatus7.2 The Skull
external anal sphincter23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
external callus6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
external carotid artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external ear14.1 Sensory Perception
external elastic membrane20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
external iliac artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external iliac vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external intercostal11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
external jugular vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
external nose22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
external oblique11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
external occipital protuberance7.2 The Skull
External respiration22.4 Gas Exchange
external root sheath5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
external urinary sphincter25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
exteroceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
Extracellular fluid (ECF)3.1 The Cell Membrane, 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
extraocular muscles13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System, 14.1 Sensory Perception
extrapyramidal system14.3 Motor Responses
extrinsic eye muscles11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
extrinsic ligament9.4 Synovial Joints
extrinsic muscles of the hand11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
extrinsic muscles of the tongue16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
extrinsic pathway18.5 Hemostasis
F
facet7.3 The Vertebral Column
facial bones7.2 The Skull
facial nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
Facilitated diffusion3.1 The Cell Membrane
FADH224.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
false ribs7.4 The Thoracic Cage
fas ligand21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
fascicle10.2 Skeletal Muscle, 11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
fascicles13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
fasciculation16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
fasciculus cuneatus14.2 Central Processing
fasciculus gracilis14.2 Central Processing
fast glycolytic (FG)10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
Fast oxidative (FO)10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
fatty acid oxidation24.3 Lipid Metabolism
fauces16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
Fc region21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
feces23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
femoral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
femoral circumflex vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
femoral nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
femoral triangle11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
femoral vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
femoropatellar joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fenestrated capillary20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
fenestrations25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
ferritin18.3 Erythrocytes
Fertilization28.1 Fertilization
fertilization membrane28.1 Fertilization
fetus28.2 Embryonic Development
fibrillation16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
fibrin18.5 Hemostasis
fibrinogen18.1 An Overview of Blood
Fibrinolysis18.5 Hemostasis
fibroblast4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Fibrocartilage4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
fibrocyte4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
fibroelastic membrane22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
fibrosis10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
fibrous joint9.1 Classification of Joints
fibrous tunic14.1 Sensory Perception
fibula8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fibular collateral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
fibular nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
fibular notch8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fibular vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
fibularis brevis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
fibularis longus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
fibularis tertius11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
fight-or-flight response15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
filling time19.4 Cardiac Physiology
filtration20.3 Capillary Exchange
filtration slits25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
fimbriae27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
first messenger17.2 Hormones
first-degree burn5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
fixator11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
flaccid paralysis16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
flaccidity16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
flagellum3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
flat bone6.2 Bone Classification
flatus23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
Flexion9.5 Types of Body Movements, 11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
flexor11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
flexor carpi radialis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor carpi ulnaris11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor digiti minimi brevis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor digitorum longus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
flexor digitorum profundus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor digitorum superficialis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor hallucis longus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
flexor pollicis brevis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor pollicis longus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
flexor retinaculum8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb, 11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
floating ribs7.4 The Thoracic Cage
flocculonodular lobe16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
fluid compartment26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
fluid connective tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
follicle27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
folliculogenesis27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
fontanelle7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
fontanelles9.2 Fibrous Joints
foot8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
Foramen lacerum7.2 The Skull
foramen magnum7.2 The Skull, 13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
foramen ovale19.1 Heart Anatomy, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 28.3 Fetal Development
Foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa7.2 The Skull
Foramen rotundum7.2 The Skull
Foramen spinosum7.2 The Skull
forced breathing22.3 The Process of Breathing
forearm8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
forebrain13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
foregut22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
foremilk28.6 Lactation
formed elements18.1 An Overview of Blood
forming urine25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
fossa8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
fossa ovalis19.1 Heart Anatomy
fourth ventricle13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
fourth-degree burn5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
fovea14.1 Sensory Perception
fovea capitis8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
fracture6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
fracture hematoma6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
Frank-Starling mechanism19.4 Cardiac Physiology
free nerve ending14.1 Sensory Perception
frontal bone7.2 The Skull
frontal eye fields13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.3 Motor Responses
frontal lobe13.2 The Central Nervous System
frontal plane1.6 Anatomical Terminology
frontal sinus7.2 The Skull
frontalis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
functional group2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
functional residual capacity (FRC)22.3 The Process of Breathing
fundus23.4 The Stomach, 27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
fusiform11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
G
G cells23.4 The Stomach
G protein12.5 Communication Between Neurons, 17.2 Hormones
G protein–coupled receptor15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
G0 phase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
G1 phase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
G2 phase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
gait16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
gait exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
gallbladder23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
gamete27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
ganglion12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
ganglionic neuron15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
gap junction4.2 Epithelial Tissue
gastric emptying23.4 The Stomach
gastric gland23.4 The Stomach
gastric phase23.4 The Stomach
gastric pits23.4 The Stomach
gastric plexuses13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
gastrin23.4 The Stomach
gastrocnemius11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
gastrocolic reflex23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
gastroileal reflex23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
gastrulation28.2 Embryonic Development
gated12.4 The Action Potential
gene3.4 Protein Synthesis
Gene expression3.4 Protein Synthesis
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)17.6 The Adrenal Glands
general sense14.1 Sensory Perception
generator potential12.5 Communication Between Neurons
genicular artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
genioglossus11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
geniohyoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
genome3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
genotype28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Germinal centers21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
gestation28.2 Embryonic Development
gigantism17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Gingivae23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
glabella7.2 The Skull
glans penis27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
glassy membrane5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
glenohumeral joint8.1 The Pectoral Girdle, 9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
glenohumeral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
glenoid cavity8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
glenoid labrum9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
glial cell12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
globin18.3 Erythrocytes
globulins18.1 An Overview of Blood
globus pallidus13.2 The Central Nervous System
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
glomerulus25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
glossopharyngeal nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
glottis22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
glucagon17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
glucocorticoids17.6 The Adrenal Glands
Glucokinase24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
Gluconeogenesis24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
glucose-6-phosphate24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
gluteal group11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
gluteal tuberosity8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
gluteus maximus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
gluteus medius11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
gluteus minimus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
glycocalyx3.1 The Cell Membrane
glycogen24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
Glycolysis10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation, 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
glycoprotein3.1 The Cell Membrane
glycosuria25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
gnosis16.2 The Mental Status Exam
goblet cell4.2 Epithelial Tissue
goiter17.4 The Thyroid Gland
Golgi apparatus3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
gomphosis9.2 Fibrous Joints
gonadal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
gonadal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
gonadotropins17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
gonads27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
gracilis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
graded muscle response10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
graded potential12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
graft-versus-host disease21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
Granular leukocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
granulosa cells27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
granzyme21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
graphesthesia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
gray matter12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
gray rami communicantes15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
great cardiac vein19.1 Heart Anatomy
great cerebral vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
great saphenous vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
greater pelvis8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
greater sciatic foramen8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
greater sciatic notch8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
greater splanchnic nerve15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
greater trochanter8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
greater tubercle8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
greater wings of the sphenoid bone7.2 The Skull
Gross anatomy1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
ground substance4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Growth1.3 Functions of Human Life
growth hormone (GH)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
gustation14.1 Sensory Perception
gustatory receptor cells14.1 Sensory Perception
gyrus13.2 The Central Nervous System
H
Hair5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair bulb5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair cells14.1 Sensory Perception
hair follicle5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair matrix5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair papilla5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair root5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair shaft5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
Haldane effect22.5 Transport of Gases
hallux8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
hamate8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
hamstring group11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
hand8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
hard palate7.2 The Skull
haustra23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
haustral contraction23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
head of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
head of the fibula8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
head of the humerus8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
head of the metatarsal bone8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
head of the radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
head of the rib7.4 The Thoracic Cage
head of the ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
heart block19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
heart bulge19.5 Development of the Heart
heart rate (HR)19.4 Cardiac Physiology
heart sounds19.3 Cardiac Cycle
heavy chain21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
helicase3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
Helper T cells (Th)21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
hemangioblasts20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
hematocrit18.1 An Overview of Blood
hematopoiesis6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
heme18.3 Erythrocytes
hemiazygos vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
hemisection16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
hemocytoblast18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Hemoglobin18.3 Erythrocytes
hemolysis18.6 Blood Typing
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)18.6 Blood Typing
hemophilia18.5 Hemostasis
hemopoiesis18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
hemopoietic growth factors18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
hemopoietic stem cell18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
hemorrhage18.5 Hemostasis
hemorrhagic stroke16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
hemosiderin18.3 Erythrocytes
hemostasis18.5 Hemostasis
Henry’s law22.4 Gas Exchange
heparin18.5 Hemostasis
hepatic artery23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatic artery proper20.5 Circulatory Pathways
hepatic lobule23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatic portal system20.5 Circulatory Pathways
hepatic portal vein23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatic sinusoid23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatic vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways, 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatocyte23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
hepatopancreatic ampulla23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
hepatopancreatic sphincter23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
heterozygous28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
Hexokinase24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
high endothelial venules21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
hilum22.2 The Lungs
hindbrain13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Hindmilk28.6 Lactation
hinge joint9.4 Synovial Joints
hip bone8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
hip joint8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
hippocampus13.2 The Central Nervous System
histamine4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
histology4.1 Types of Tissues
histone3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
hole6.3 Bone Structure
holocrine secretion4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Homeostasis1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
homologous3.5 Cell Growth and Division
homozygous28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
hook of the hamate bone8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
horizontal plate7.2 The Skull
hormone17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
hormone receptor17.2 Hormones
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)28.2 Embryonic Development
humeroradial joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
humeroulnar joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
humerus8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Hyaline cartilage4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
hydrochloric acid (HCl)23.4 The Stomach
hydrogen bond2.2 Chemical Bonds
hydrophilic3.1 The Cell Membrane
hydrophobic3.1 The Cell Membrane
Hydrostatic pressure26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA)24.3 Lipid Metabolism
hymen27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
hyoglossus11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
hyoid bone7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
hypercalcemia6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hypercapnia26.4 Acid-Base Balance
Hyperchloremia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hyperextension9.5 Types of Body Movements
hyperflexia16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
hyperflexion9.5 Types of Body Movements
hyperglycemia17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
Hyperkalemia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hypernatremia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hyperparathyroidism17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
Hyperphosphatemia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hyperplasia10.8 Smooth Muscle
Hyperpnea22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
hypertension20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
hyperthyroidism17.4 The Thyroid Gland
hypertonia10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
hypertonic3.1 The Cell Membrane
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy19.1 Heart Anatomy
hypertrophy10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
hyperventilation22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
Hypervolemia20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
hypoblast28.2 Embryonic Development
Hypocalcemia6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hypocapnia26.4 Acid-Base Balance
Hypochloremia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hypodermis5.1 Layers of the Skin
hypoglossal canal7.2 The Skull
hypoglossal nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
Hypokalemia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
Hyponatremia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hyponychium5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
hypoparathyroidism17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
Hypophosphatemia26.3 Electrolyte Balance
hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa7.2 The Skull
hypophyseal portal system17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
hypothalamus13.2 The Central Nervous System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
hypothenar11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
hypothenar eminence11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
hypothyroidism17.4 The Thyroid Gland
hypotonia10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
hypotonic3.1 The Cell Membrane
hypotonicity16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
hypovolemia16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Hypovolemic shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
hypoxemia18.3 Erythrocytes
hypoxia20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
I
IgA21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
IgD21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
IgE21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
IgG21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
IgM21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
ileocecal sphincter23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
ileum23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
iliac crest8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
iliac fossa8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
iliacus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
iliococcygeus11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
iliocostalis cervicis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliocostalis group11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliocostalis lumborum11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliocostalis thoracis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
iliofemoral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
iliopsoas group11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
iliotibial tract11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
ilium8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
immediate hypersensitivity21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
immune system21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
immunoglobulin21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
immunoglobulins18.1 An Overview of Blood
immunological memory21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
implantation28.2 Embryonic Development
inactivation gate12.4 The Action Potential
inactive proenzymes24.4 Protein Metabolism
incisors23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
incomplete dominance28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
incontinence25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
incus14.1 Sensory Perception
indirect pathway13.2 The Central Nervous System
Inferior1.6 Anatomical Terminology
inferior angle of the scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
inferior articular process7.3 The Vertebral Column
inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP)16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
inferior colliculus13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.2 Central Processing
inferior extensor retinaculum11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
inferior gemellus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
inferior mesenteric artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
inferior mesenteric ganglion15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
inferior nasal concha7.2 The Skull
inferior oblique14.1 Sensory Perception
inferior olive13.2 The Central Nervous System, 16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
inferior phrenic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
inferior pubic ramus8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
inferior rectus14.1 Sensory Perception
Inferior rotation9.5 Types of Body Movements
inferior vena cava19.1 Heart Anatomy, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Inflammation4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
infraglenoid tubercle8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
infrahyoid muscles11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
infraorbital foramen7.2 The Skull
infraspinatus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
infraspinous fossa8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
infratemporal fossa7.2 The Skull
infundibulum17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
ingestion23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
inguinal canal27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
inhibin17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)12.5 Communication Between Neurons
initial segment12.2 Nervous Tissue
innate immune response21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
inner cell mass28.2 Embryonic Development
inner ear14.1 Sensory Perception
inner segment14.1 Sensory Perception
inner synaptic layer14.1 Sensory Perception
innermost intercostal11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
inorganic compound2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
inositol triphosphate (IP3)17.2 Hormones
insertion11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Inspiration22.3 The Process of Breathing
Inspiratory capacity (IC)22.3 The Process of Breathing
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)22.3 The Process of Breathing
insulin17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas, 24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
integral protein3.1 The Cell Membrane
integration12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
integumentary system5.1 Layers of the Skin
interatrial band19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
interatrial septum19.1 Heart Anatomy
interaural intensity difference14.2 Central Processing
interaural time difference14.2 Central Processing
intercalated cell25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
intercalated disc10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
intercondylar eminence8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intercondylar fossa8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intercostal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
intercostal muscles11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
intercostal nerves13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
intercostal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Interferons21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Interleukins18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
intermediate11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
intermediate cuneiform8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intermediate filament3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Internal acoustic meatus7.2 The Skull
internal anal sphincter23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
internal callus6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
internal capsule14.3 Motor Responses
internal carotid arteries13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
internal carotid artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal elastic membrane20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
internal iliac artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal iliac vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal intercostal11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
internal jugular vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal oblique11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
Internal respiration22.4 Gas Exchange
internal root sheath5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
internal thoracic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal thoracic vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
internal urinary sphincter25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
internodal pathways19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
internuclear ophthalmoplegia16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
interoceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
interosseous border of the fibula8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
interosseous border of the radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interosseous border of the tibia8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
interosseous border of the ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interosseous membrane9.2 Fibrous Joints
interosseous membrane of the forearm8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interosseous membrane of the leg8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
interphalangeal joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Interphase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
Interstitial fluid (IF)3.1 The Cell Membrane, 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure (IFCOP)20.3 Capillary Exchange
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)20.3 Capillary Exchange
intertrochanteric crest8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intertrochanteric line8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
intertubercular groove (sulcus)8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
interventricular foramina13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
interventricular septum19.1 Heart Anatomy
intervertebral disc7.3 The Vertebral Column, 7.3 The Vertebral Column
intervertebral foramen7.3 The Vertebral Column
intestinal gland23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
intestinal juice23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
intestinal phase23.4 The Stomach
intorsion16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Intra-alveolar pressure22.3 The Process of Breathing
intracapsular ligament9.4 Synovial Joints
Intracellular fluid (ICF)3.1 The Cell Membrane, 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
intramembranous ossification6.4 Bone Formation and Development
intramural ganglia15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Intrapleural pressure22.3 The Process of Breathing
intrinsic factor23.4 The Stomach
intrinsic ligament9.4 Synovial Joints
intrinsic muscles of the hand11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
intrinsic muscles of the tongue16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
intrinsic pathway18.5 Hemostasis
intron3.4 Protein Synthesis
inulin25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
Inversion9.5 Types of Body Movements
involution28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
ion2.2 Chemical Bonds
ionic bond2.2 Chemical Bonds
ionotropic receptor12.4 The Action Potential
ipsilateral14.1 Sensory Perception
iris14.1 Sensory Perception
irregular bone6.2 Bone Classification
ischemia20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
ischemic stroke16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
ischial ramus8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischial spine8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischial tuberosity8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischiococcygeus11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
ischiofemoral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
ischiopubic ramus8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
ischium8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
isometric contraction10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
isotonic3.1 The Cell Membrane
isotonic contractions10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
isotope2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
isovolumic contraction19.3 Cardiac Cycle
isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase19.3 Cardiac Cycle
isthmus27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
J
jaw-jerk reflex16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
jejunum23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
joint9.1 Classification of Joints
joint cavity9.1 Classification of Joints
joint interzone9.7 Development of Joints
jugular (suprasternal) notch7.4 The Thoracic Cage
jugular foramen7.2 The Skull
jugular veins13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
juxtaglomerular cell25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
juxtamedullary nephrons25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
K
karyotype28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
keloid5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
Keratin5.1 Layers of the Skin
keratinocyte5.1 Layers of the Skin
keratohyalin5.1 Layers of the Skin
ketone bodies24.3 Lipid Metabolism
kinesthesia13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.1 Sensory Perception
kinetic energy2.3 Chemical Reactions
kinetochore3.5 Cell Growth and Division
knee joint8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
Korotkoff sounds20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Krebs cycle24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
kyphosis7.3 The Vertebral Column
L
labia23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
labia majora27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
labia minora27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
labial frenulum23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lacrimal bone7.2 The Skull
lacrimal duct14.1 Sensory Perception
lacrimal fossa7.2 The Skull
lacrimal gland14.1 Sensory Perception
lactase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Lactation28.6 Lactation
lacteal23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
lactic acid10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
lactiferous ducts27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
lactiferous sinus27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
lacuna6.3 Bone Structure
lacunae4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
lambdoid suture7.2 The Skull
lamina7.3 The Vertebral Column
lamina propria4.1 Types of Tissues
Langerhans cell5.1 Layers of the Skin
lanugo28.3 Fetal Development
large intestine23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
laryngeal prominence22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
laryngopharynx22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
laryngotracheal bud22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
larynx22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
latch-bridges10.8 Smooth Muscle
latent period10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Lateral1.6 Anatomical Terminology
lateral (external) rotation9.5 Types of Body Movements
lateral apertures13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
lateral border of the scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
lateral circumflex artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lateral columns13.2 The Central Nervous System
lateral compartment of the leg11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
lateral condyle of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral condyle of the tibia8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral corticospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses
lateral cuneiform8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral epicondyle of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral epicondyle of the humerus8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Lateral excursion9.5 Types of Body Movements
Lateral flexion9.5 Types of Body Movements
lateral geniculate nucleus14.2 Central Processing
lateral horn13.2 The Central Nervous System
lateral malleolus8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lateral meniscus9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
lateral plantar artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lateral pterygoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
lateral pterygoid plate7.2 The Skull
lateral rectus14.1 Sensory Perception
lateral sacral crest7.3 The Vertebral Column
lateral sulcus13.2 The Central Nervous System
lateral supracondylar ridge8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
lateral tibiofemoral joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
lateral ventricles13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
lateralis11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
latissimus dorsi11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
leakage channel12.4 The Action Potential
leaky tight junctions25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
left atrioventricular valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
left colic flexure23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
left gastric artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
leg8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lens14.1 Sensory Perception
leptin17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
lesser pelvis8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
lesser sciatic foramen8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
lesser sciatic notch8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
lesser splanchnic nerve15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
lesser trochanter8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lesser tubercle8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
lesser wings of the sphenoid bone7.2 The Skull
let-down reflex28.6 Lactation
Leukemia18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
leukocyte18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Leukocyte esterase25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
leukocytosis18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Leukopenia18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
levator ani11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
levator palpebrae superioris14.1 Sensory Perception
Leydig cells27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
ligament9.2 Fibrous Joints
ligament of the head of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb, 9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
ligamentum flavum7.3 The Vertebral Column
ligand3.1 The Cell Membrane
ligand-gated cation channel15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
ligand-gated channel12.4 The Action Potential
light chain21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
lightening28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
limb bud8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
limbic cortex13.2 The Central Nervous System
limbic lobe15.3 Central Control
limbic system13.2 The Central Nervous System
linea alba11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
linea aspera8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
lingual frenulum23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lingual lipase23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lingual tonsil22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Lingula7.2 The Skull
lipid2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
lipogenesis24.3 Lipid Metabolism
lipolysis24.3 Lipid Metabolism
lipoprotein lipase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
liver23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
Localization of function16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
lochia28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
long bone6.2 Bone Classification
long reflex15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
longissimus capitis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longissimus cervicis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longissimus group11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longissimus thoracis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
longitudinal fissure13.2 The Central Nervous System
longus11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
loop of Henle25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
loose connective tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
lordosis7.3 The Vertebral Column
lower esophageal sphincter23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
lower motor neuron12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
lumbar arteries20.5 Circulatory Pathways
lumbar curve7.3 The Vertebral Column
lumbar enlargement14.3 Motor Responses
lumbar plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
lumbar puncture13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
lumbar veins20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Lumbar vertebrae7.3 The Vertebral Column
lumbrical11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
lumen20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
lunate8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
lung22.2 The Lungs
lung bud22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
lunula5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
Luteinizing hormone (LH)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Lymph21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymph node21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lymphatic capillaries21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymphatic system21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymphatic trunks21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lymphocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
lymphoid nodules21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lymphoid stem cells18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
Lymphoma18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
lysosome3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
lysozyme18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
M
macromolecule2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
macrophage18.3 Erythrocytes, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Macrophage oxidative metabolism21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
macula14.1 Sensory Perception
macula densa25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)1.7 Medical Imaging
main pancreatic duct23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
major duodenal papilla23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
malleus14.1 Sensory Perception
maltase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
mammary glands27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
mandible7.2 The Skull, 7.2 The Skull
Mandibular foramen7.2 The Skull
Mandibular fossa7.2 The Skull
mandibular notch7.2 The Skull
manubrium7.4 The Thoracic Cage
marginal arteries19.1 Heart Anatomy
mass movement23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
mass number2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
masseter11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
mast cell21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
mastication11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
mastoid process7.2 The Skull
matrix4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
matter2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
maxillary bone7.2 The Skull
maxillary sinus7.2 The Skull
maxillary vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
maximus11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
meatuses22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Mechanical digestion23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
mechanically gated channel12.4 The Action Potential
mechanoreceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
meconium28.3 Fetal Development
Medial1.6 Anatomical Terminology
medial (internal) rotation9.5 Types of Body Movements
medial border of the scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
medial compartment of the thigh11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
medial condyle of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial condyle of the tibia8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial cuneiform8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial epicondyle of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial epicondyle of the humerus8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Medial excursion9.5 Types of Body Movements
medial forebrain bundle15.3 Central Control
medial geniculate nucleus14.2 Central Processing
medial lemniscus14.2 Central Processing
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
medial malleolus8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
medial meniscus9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
medial plantar artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
medial pterygoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
medial pterygoid plate7.2 The Skull
medial rectus14.1 Sensory Perception
medial tibiofemoral joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
medialis11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
median antebrachial vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
median aperture13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
median cubital vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
median nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
median sacral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
median sacral crest7.3 The Vertebral Column
mediastinal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
medius11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
medulla5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin, 25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
medullary cavity6.3 Bone Structure
megakaryocyte18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Meissner corpuscle5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
Melanin5.1 Layers of the Skin
melanocyte5.1 Layers of the Skin
melanoma5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
melanosome5.1 Layers of the Skin
melatonin17.7 The Pineal Gland
membrane potential12.4 The Action Potential
memory cell18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
memory T cells21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
menarche27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
meninges13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
meniscus9.4 Synovial Joints
menses27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
menses phase27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
menstrual cycle27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Mental foramen7.2 The Skull
Mental protuberance7.2 The Skull
mental status exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
Merkel cell5.1 Layers of the Skin
Merocrine secretion4.2 Epithelial Tissue
mesangial25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
mesencephalic nuclei14.2 Central Processing
mesencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
mesenchymal cell4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
mesenchyme4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
mesenteric plexus15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
mesoappendix23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
mesoderm4.1 Types of Tissues, 19.5 Development of the Heart, 28.2 Embryonic Development
mesothelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue, 19.1 Heart Anatomy
messenger RNA (mRNA)3.4 Protein Synthesis
Metabolic acidosis26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Metabolic alkalosis26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
metabolic rate24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
Metabolism1.3 Functions of Human Life, 24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
metabotropic receptor12.5 Communication Between Neurons
metacarpal bone8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
metacarpophalangeal joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Metaphase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
metaphase plate3.5 Cell Growth and Division
metarteriole20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
metastasis5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
metatarsal bone8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
metatarsophalangeal joint8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
metencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
MHC class I21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
MHC class II21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
MHC polygeny21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
MHC polymorphism21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
micelle23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
microcirculation20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
microfilament3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Microglia12.2 Nervous Tissue
microscopic anatomy1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
microtubule3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
microvilli23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
Micturition25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
midbrain13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
midcarpal joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
middle cardiac vein19.1 Heart Anatomy
middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP)16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
middle cerebral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
middle cranial fossa7.2 The Skull
middle ear14.1 Sensory Perception
middle nasal concha7.2 The Skull
middle sacral vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
middle scalene11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
migrating motility complex23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
mineralocorticoids17.6 The Adrenal Glands
Minerals24.7 Nutrition and Diet
minimus11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
mitochondrion3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
Mitosis3.5 Cell Growth and Division
mitotic phase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
mitotic spindle3.5 Cell Growth and Division
mitral valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
mixing wave23.4 The Stomach
modeling6.4 Bone Formation and Development
moderator band 19.1 Heart Anatomy
molars23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
molecule2.2 Chemical Bonds
monocyte21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
Monocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
monoglyceride molecules24.3 Lipid Metabolism
monosaccharide2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
mons pubis27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
morula28.2 Embryonic Development
motilin23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
motility23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
motor end-plate10.2 Skeletal Muscle
motor exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
motor unit10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
mucosa23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
mucosal barrier23.4 The Stomach
mucous connective tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
mucous gland4.2 Epithelial Tissue
mucous membrane4.1 Types of Tissues
mucous neck cells23.4 The Stomach
Müllerian duct27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
multiaxial joint9.1 Classification of Joints
multifidus11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
multimodal integration area14.2 Central Processing
multipennate11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Multipolar12.2 Nervous Tissue
multipotent3.6 Cellular Differentiation
murmur19.3 Cardiac Cycle
muscarinic receptor12.5 Communication Between Neurons, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
muscle tension10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Muscle tissue4.1 Types of Tissues
muscle tone10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
muscular artery20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
muscularis23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
mutation3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
mydriasis15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
myelencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
myelin4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, 12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
myelin sheath12.2 Nervous Tissue
Myeloid stem cells18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
myenteric plexus23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
mylohyoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
Mylohyoid line7.2 The Skull
myoblast10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
myocardial conducting cells19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
myocardial contractile cells19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
myocardium19.1 Heart Anatomy
myocyte4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion
myofibril10.2 Skeletal Muscle
myogenic mechanism25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
myogenic response20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
myogram10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
myometrium27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
myosin10.2 Skeletal Muscle
myotube10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
N
NADH24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
nail bed5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail body5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail cuticle5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail fold5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
nail root5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
naïve lymphocyte21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
naris22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
nasal bone7.2 The Skull, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
nasal cavity7.2 The Skull
nasal conchae7.2 The Skull
nasal septum7.2 The Skull, 7.2 The Skull, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
nasolacrimal canal7.2 The Skull
nasopharynx22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Natural killer (NK) cells18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
natural killer cell (NK)21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
navicular8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
neck of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
neck of the radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
neck of the rib7.4 The Thoracic Cage
Necrosis4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
Negative feedback1.5 Homeostasis
negative inotropic factors19.4 Cardiac Physiology
negative selection21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Neonatal hypothyroidism17.4 The Thyroid Gland
Nephrons25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
nerve12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
nerve plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
nervi vasorum20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Nervous tissue4.1 Types of Tissues
net filtration pressure (NFP)20.3 Capillary Exchange, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
neural crest13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
neural fold13.1 The Embryologic Perspective, 28.2 Embryonic Development
neural groove13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
neural plate13.1 The Embryologic Perspective, 28.2 Embryonic Development
neural tube13.1 The Embryologic Perspective, 28.2 Embryonic Development
neural tunic14.1 Sensory Perception
neuraxis13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
Neurogenic shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
neuroglia4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
neurological exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)10.2 Skeletal Muscle
neuron4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, 12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
neuropeptide12.5 Communication Between Neurons
neurotransmitter10.2 Skeletal Muscle, 12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
neurulation28.2 Embryonic Development
Neutralization21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
neutron2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
neutrophil21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
neutrophils18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
nicotinic receptor12.5 Communication Between Neurons, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
nociceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
node of Ranvier12.2 Nervous Tissue
nonshivering thermogenesis28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
nonspecific channel12.4 The Action Potential
norepinephrine15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 17.6 The Adrenal Glands
normal range1.5 Homeostasis
notochord7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 28.2 Embryonic Development
nuchal ligament7.3 The Vertebral Column
nuclear envelope3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nuclear pore3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nucleolus3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nucleosidase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
nucleosome3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
nucleotide2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
nucleus3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
nucleus ambiguus15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
nucleus cuneatus14.2 Central Processing
nucleus gracilis14.2 Central Processing
nucleus pulposus7.3 The Vertebral Column
nutrient1.4 Requirements for Human Life
nutrient foramen6.3 Bone Structure
O
oblique11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Obstructive shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
obturator externus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
obturator foramen8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
obturator internus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
occipital bone7.2 The Skull
occipital condyle7.2 The Skull
occipital lobe13.2 The Central Nervous System
occipital sinus20.5 Circulatory Pathways
occipital sinuses13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
occipitalis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
occipitofrontalis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
oculomotor nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
odorant molecules14.1 Sensory Perception
olecranon fossa8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
olecranon process8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
olfaction13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.1 Sensory Perception
olfactory bulb14.1 Sensory Perception
olfactory epithelium14.1 Sensory Perception
olfactory nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
olfactory pit22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
olfactory sensory neuron14.1 Sensory Perception
Oligodendrocyte4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, 12.2 Nervous Tissue
oligopotent3.6 Cellular Differentiation
oliguria25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
omohyoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
oocyte27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
oogenesis27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
oogonia27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Open reduction6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
ophthalmic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
opponens digiti minimi11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
opponens pollicis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
Opposition9.5 Types of Body Movements
opsins14.1 Sensory Perception
Opsonization21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
optic canal7.2 The Skull, 7.2 The Skull
optic chiasm14.2 Central Processing
optic disc14.1 Sensory Perception
optic nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System, 14.1 Sensory Perception
optic tract14.2 Central Processing
oral cavity23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
oral vestibule23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
orbicularis oculi11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
orbicularis oris11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
orbit7.2 The Skull
organ1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
organ system1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
organelle3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
organelles1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
organic compound2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
organism1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
organogenesis28.2 Embryonic Development
organs of Corti14.1 Sensory Perception
origin11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
oropharynx22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
orthopedist6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
orthostatic reflex13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
Osmoreceptors14.1 Sensory Perception, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Osmosis3.1 The Cell Membrane
osseous tissue6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
ossicles14.1 Sensory Perception
ossification6.4 Bone Formation and Development
ossification center6.4 Bone Formation and Development
osteoblast6.3 Bone Structure
osteoclast6.3 Bone Structure
osteocyte6.3 Bone Structure
osteogenic cell6.3 Bone Structure
osteoid6.4 Bone Formation and Development
osteomalacia25.10 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
osteon6.3 Bone Structure
Osteoporosis6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
otolithic membrane14.1 Sensory Perception
outer segment14.1 Sensory Perception
outer synaptic layer14.1 Sensory Perception
oval window14.1 Sensory Perception
ovarian artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ovarian cycle27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
ovarian vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ovaries27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
ovulation27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
ovum27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
oxidation24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
oxidation-reduction reaction24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
oxidative phosphorylation24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
oxygen debt10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve22.5 Transport of Gases
oxyhemoglobin18.3 Erythrocytes, 22.5 Transport of Gases
oxytocin17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
P
P wave19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
pacemaker19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
pacesetter cell10.8 Smooth Muscle
Pacinian corpuscle5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
packed cell volume (PCV)18.1 An Overview of Blood
palatine bone7.2 The Skull
palatine process7.2 The Skull
palatine tonsil22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
palatoglossal arch23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
palatoglossus11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
palatopharyngeal arch23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
palmar arches20.5 Circulatory Pathways
palmar interossei11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
palmar venous arches20.5 Circulatory Pathways
palmaris longus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
palpebral conjunctiva14.1 Sensory Perception
pancreas17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas, 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
pancreatic amylase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
pancreatic islets17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
pancreatic juice23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
pancreatic lipase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
pancreatic lipases24.3 Lipid Metabolism
pancreatic nuclease23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
papillae14.1 Sensory Perception
papillary layer5.1 Layers of the Skin
papillary muscle19.1 Heart Anatomy
paracrine17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
Parallel11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
paranasal sinus22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
paranasal sinuses7.2 The Skull
parasympathetic division15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
parasympathomimetic drugs15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
parathyroid glands17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
parathyroid hormone (PTH)17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
paravertebral ganglia13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
parenchyma4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
paresis16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
parietal bone7.2 The Skull
parietal branches20.5 Circulatory Pathways
parietal cells23.4 The Stomach
parietal lobe13.2 The Central Nervous System
parietal pleura22.2 The Lungs
parieto-occipital sulcus13.2 The Central Nervous System
parotid glands23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
Partial pressure22.4 Gas Exchange
parturition28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
Passive immunity21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
Passive transport3.1 The Cell Membrane
patella8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
patellar ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints, 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
patellar surface8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
pattern recognition receptor (PRR)21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
pectinate line23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
pectinate muscles19.1 Heart Anatomy
pectineal line8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pectineus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
pectoral girdle8.1 The Pectoral Girdle, 11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pectoralis major11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pectoralis minor11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pedicels25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
pedicle7.3 The Vertebral Column
pelvic brim8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pelvic diaphragm11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
pelvic girdle8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis, 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
pelvic inlet8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pelvic outlet8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pelvis8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
penis27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Pennate11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
pepsin24.4 Protein Metabolism
pepsinogen23.4 The Stomach
peptide bond2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
perforating canal6.3 Bone Structure
perforin21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
perfusion20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
pericardial artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
pericardial cavity19.1 Heart Anatomy
pericardial sac19.1 Heart Anatomy
pericardium1.6 Anatomical Terminology, 19.1 Heart Anatomy
perichondrium6.4 Bone Formation and Development
pericyte10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
perimetrium27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
perimysium10.2 Skeletal Muscle
perineum11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
perineurium13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
periodic table of the elements2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
periodontal ligament9.2 Fibrous Joints
periosteum6.3 Bone Structure
peripheral chemoreceptor22.3 The Process of Breathing
peripheral nervous system (PNS)12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Peripheral proteins3.1 The Cell Membrane
peripheral tolerance21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
Peristalsis23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
peritoneum1.6 Anatomical Terminology
peritubular capillaries25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
permanent teeth23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
peroxisome3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone7.2 The Skull
petrosal sinus20.5 Circulatory Pathways
petrous ridge7.2 The Skull
pH2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Phagocytosis3.1 The Cell Membrane, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
phalanx bone of the foot8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
phalanx bone of the hand8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
pharyngeal tonsil22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
pharynx22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
phenotype28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
philtrum22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
phosphatase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
phosphodiesterase (PDE)17.2 Hormones
phospholipid2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Phosphorylation2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
phosphorylation cascade17.2 Hormones
photoisomerization14.1 Sensory Perception
photon14.1 Sensory Perception
photoreceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
phrenic nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
phrenic vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
physiological sphincter25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
physiology1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
pia mater13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
pineal gland17.7 The Pineal Gland
pinealocyte17.7 The Pineal Gland
pinocytosis3.1 The Cell Membrane
piriformis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
pisiform8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
pituitary dwarfism17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
pituitary gland17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
pivot joint9.4 Synovial Joints
placenta28.2 Embryonic Development
placenta previa28.2 Embryonic Development
placentation28.2 Embryonic Development
plane1.6 Anatomical Terminology
plane joint9.4 Synovial Joints
plantar aponeurosis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
plantar arch20.5 Circulatory Pathways
plantar flexion9.5 Types of Body Movements
plantar group11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
plantar reflex16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
plantar veins20.5 Circulatory Pathways
plantar venous arch20.5 Circulatory Pathways
plantaris11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
plasma18.1 An Overview of Blood
plasma cell21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Plasma osmolality26.2 Water Balance
plasmin18.5 Hemostasis
platelet plug18.5 Hemostasis
platelets18.1 An Overview of Blood
pleura1.6 Anatomical Terminology
pleural cavity22.2 The Lungs
Pleural fluid22.2 The Lungs
plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
pluripotent3.6 Cellular Differentiation
pluripotent stem cell18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
pneumotaxic center22.3 The Process of Breathing
podocytes25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
polar body27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
polar molecule2.2 Chemical Bonds
pollex8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
polyclonal response21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
polycythemia18.3 Erythrocytes
polymorphonuclear18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
polypeptide3.4 Protein Synthesis
polyribosome3.4 Protein Synthesis
Polysaccharides2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
polyspermy28.1 Fertilization
polyuria25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
popliteal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
popliteal fossa11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
popliteal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
popliteus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
porta hepatis23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
portal triad23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
positive chemotaxis18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Positive feedback1.5 Homeostasis
positive inotropic factors19.4 Cardiac Physiology
positive selection21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Positron emission tomography (PET)1.7 Medical Imaging
postabsorptive state24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
postcentral gyrus13.2 The Central Nervous System
Posterior1.6 Anatomical Terminology
posterior (dorsal) sacral foramen7.3 The Vertebral Column
posterior arch7.3 The Vertebral Column
posterior cardiac vein19.1 Heart Anatomy
posterior cerebral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterior columns13.2 The Central Nervous System
posterior communicating artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterior compartment of the leg11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
posterior compartment of the thigh11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
posterior cranial fossa7.2 The Skull
posterior cruciate ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
posterior horn13.2 The Central Nervous System
posterior inferior iliac spine8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
posterior interventricular artery19.1 Heart Anatomy
posterior interventricular sulcus19.1 Heart Anatomy
posterior longitudinal ligament7.3 The Vertebral Column
posterior median sulcus13.2 The Central Nervous System
posterior sacroiliac ligament8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
posterior scalene11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
posterior superior iliac spine8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
posterior talofibular ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
posterior tibial artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterior tibial vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
posterolateral sulcus13.2 The Central Nervous System
postganglionic fiber15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
postsynaptic potential (PSP)12.5 Communication Between Neurons
Potential energy2.3 Chemical Reactions
power stroke10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
PP cell17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
praxis16.2 The Mental Status Exam
precapillary sphincters20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
precentral gyrus13.2 The Central Nervous System
precentral gyrus of the frontal cortex12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
prefrontal lobe13.2 The Central Nervous System
preganglionic fiber15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
preload19.3 Cardiac Cycle
premolars23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
premotor area13.2 The Central Nervous System
premotor cortex14.3 Motor Responses
prepotential depolarization19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
prepuce27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Pressure1.4 Requirements for Human Life
prevertebral ganglia13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
primary adaptive response21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
primary curve7.3 The Vertebral Column
primary follicles27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
primary lymphoid organs21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
primary ossification center6.4 Bone Formation and Development
primary sensory cortex14.2 Central Processing
primary union4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
primary vesicles13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
prime mover11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
primitive atrium19.5 Development of the Heart
primitive heart tube19.5 Development of the Heart
primitive streak28.2 Embryonic Development
primitive ventricle19.5 Development of the Heart
primordial follicles27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
principal cell25.6 Tubular Reabsorption
procedural memory16.2 The Mental Status Exam
process12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
product2.3 Chemical Reactions
progesterone17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
projection6.3 Bone Structure
prolactin28.6 Lactation
prolactin (PRL)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
proliferative phase27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
proliferative zone6.4 Bone Formation and Development
promoter3.4 Protein Synthesis
pronated position9.5 Types of Body Movements
Pronation9.5 Types of Body Movements
pronator drift16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
pronator quadratus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
pronator teres11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
Prone1.6 Anatomical Terminology
propagation12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
Prophase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
proprioception13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.1 Sensory Perception
proprioceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
propulsion23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
prosencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
prostaglandin2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
prostate gland27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
protein2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
protein kinase17.2 Hormones
proteolysis24.4 Protein Metabolism
proteome3.4 Protein Synthesis
proton2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Protraction9.5 Types of Body Movements
Proximal1.6 Anatomical Terminology
proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs)25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
proximal radioulnar joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb, 9.4 Synovial Joints
proximal tibiofibular joint8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
psoas major11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
psychoneuroimmunology21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
pterion7.2 The Skull
Puberty27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
pubic arch8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubic body8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubic symphysis8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubic tubercle8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubis8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
pubococcygeus11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
pubofemoral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
pulmonary arteries19.1 Heart Anatomy
pulmonary artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways, 22.2 The Lungs
pulmonary capillaries19.1 Heart Anatomy
pulmonary circuit19.1 Heart Anatomy, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
pulmonary plexus22.2 The Lungs
pulmonary surfactant22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
pulmonary trunk19.1 Heart Anatomy, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
pulmonary valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
pulmonary veins19.1 Heart Anatomy, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Pulmonary ventilation22.3 The Process of Breathing
pulp cavity23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
pulse20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
pulse pressure20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Punnett square28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
pupil14.1 Sensory Perception
purine2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Purkinje fibers19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
putamen13.2 The Central Nervous System
pyloric antrum23.4 The Stomach
pyloric canal23.4 The Stomach
pyloric sphincter23.4 The Stomach
pylorus23.4 The Stomach
pyramidal decussation14.3 Motor Responses
pyramidine2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
pyramids14.3 Motor Responses
pyruvate24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
pyruvic acid10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
Q
QRS complex19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
quadratus femoris 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
quadratus lumborum11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
quadriceps femoris group11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
quadriceps tendon11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
quickening28.3 Fetal Development
Quiet breathing22.3 The Process of Breathing
R
radial artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
radial collateral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
radial fossa8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radial nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
radial notch of the ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radial tuberosity8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radial vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Radiation24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
radioactive isotope2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
radiocarpal joint8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ramus of the mandible7.2 The Skull
reabsorption20.3 Capillary Exchange
reactant2.3 Chemical Reactions
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
receptive aphasia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
receptor3.1 The Cell Membrane
receptor cell14.1 Sensory Perception
receptor potential12.5 Communication Between Neurons
Receptor-mediated endocytosis3.1 The Cell Membrane
recessive28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
recessive lethal28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
recruitment10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
rectal valves23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
rectum23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
rectus11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
rectus abdominis11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
rectus femoris11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
rectus sheaths11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
red blood cells (RBCs)18.1 An Overview of Blood
Red marrow6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
red nucleus14.3 Motor Responses, 16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
reduction24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
referred pain15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
reflex arc15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
refractory period12.4 The Action Potential
Regional anatomy1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Regulatory T cells (Treg)21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
relative refractory period12.4 The Action Potential
relaxation phase10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
remodeling6.4 Bone Formation and Development
renal artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
renal columns25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal corpuscle25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal cortex25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal fat pad25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal hilum25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal papillae25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal pyramids25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
renal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
renin25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
repolarization12.4 The Action Potential
reposition9.5 Types of Body Movements
Reproduction1.3 Functions of Human Life
reserve zone6.4 Bone Formation and Development
Residual volume (RV)22.3 The Process of Breathing
resistance12.4 The Action Potential, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Respiratory acidosis26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory alkalosis26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
respiratory bronchiole22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
respiratory cycle22.3 The Process of Breathing
respiratory epithelium22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
respiratory membrane22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
respiratory pump20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
respiratory rate22.3 The Process of Breathing
Respiratory volume22.3 The Process of Breathing
respiratory zone22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
response12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Responsiveness1.3 Functions of Human Life
rest and digest15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
resting membrane potential12.4 The Action Potential
Reticular fiber4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
reticular formation13.2 The Central Nervous System
reticular lamina4.2 Epithelial Tissue
reticular layer5.1 Layers of the Skin
Reticular tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
reticulocyte18.3 Erythrocytes
reticuloendothelial cells23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
reticulospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses
retina14.1 Sensory Perception
retinacula11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
retinal14.1 Sensory Perception
retinal ganglion cell (RGC)14.1 Sensory Perception
retraction9.5 Types of Body Movements
retrograde amnesia16.2 The Mental Status Exam
retroperitoneal23.1 Overview of the Digestive System, 25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
Rh blood group18.6 Blood Typing
rhodopsin14.1 Sensory Perception
rhombencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
rhomboid major11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
rhomboid minor11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
ribonuclease23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)3.4 Protein Synthesis
ribosome3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
ribs7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
rickets5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
right atrioventricular valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
right colic flexure23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
right gastric artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
right lymphatic duct21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Rinne test16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
RNA polymerase3.4 Protein Synthesis
rod photoreceptor14.1 Sensory Perception
Romberg test16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
root22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
Rotation9.5 Types of Body Movements
rotator cuff9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints, 11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
round window14.1 Sensory Perception
rubrospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses, 16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
ruga23.4 The Stomach
rugae27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
S
S phase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
saccade16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
saccharolytic fermentation23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
saccule14.1 Sensory Perception
sacral canal7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacral foramina7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacral hiatus7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacral micturition center25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
sacral plexus13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sacral promontory7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacrococcygeal curve7.3 The Vertebral Column
sacroiliac joint8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
sacrospinous ligament8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
sacrotuberous ligament8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
sacrum7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
saddle joint9.4 Synovial Joints
sagittal plane1.6 Anatomical Terminology
sagittal suture7.2 The Skull
Saliva23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
salivary amylase23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus, 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
salivary glands23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
salivation23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
saltatory conduction12.4 The Action Potential
saphenous nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sarcolemma10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sarcomere10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sarcopenia10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
sarcoplasm10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)10.2 Skeletal Muscle
sartorius11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
satellite cell10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 12.2 Nervous Tissue
scala tympani14.1 Sensory Perception
scala vestibuli14.1 Sensory Perception
scalene muscles11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
scaphoid8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
scar5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
Schwann cell4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, 12.2 Nervous Tissue
sciatic nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sciatica13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
sclera14.1 Sensory Perception
sclerotome7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
scoliosis7.3 The Vertebral Column
scrotum27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
sebaceous gland5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
sebum5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
second messenger17.2 Hormones
second-degree burn5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
secondary adaptive response21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
secondary curve7.3 The Vertebral Column
secondary follicles27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
secondary lymphoid organs21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
secondary ossification center6.4 Bone Formation and Development
secondary sex characteristics27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
secondary union4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
secondary vesicles13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
secretin24.4 Protein Metabolism
secretory phase27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
section1.6 Anatomical Terminology
segmental muscle group11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
Segmentation23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
selective permeability3.1 The Cell Membrane
sella turcica7.2 The Skull
semen27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
semicircular canals14.1 Sensory Perception
semilunar valves19.1 Heart Anatomy
semimembranosus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
seminal vesicle27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
seminiferous tubules27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
semispinalis capitis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
semispinalis cervicis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
semispinalis thoracis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
semitendinosus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
sensation12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
sensitization21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
sensor1.5 Homeostasis
sensorineural hearing16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
sensory exam16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
sensory homunculus14.2 Central Processing
sensory modality14.1 Sensory Perception
sepsis20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
septal cartilage7.2 The Skull
septic shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
septum19.1 Heart Anatomy
septum primum19.1 Heart Anatomy
Seroconversion21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
serosa23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
serous gland4.2 Epithelial Tissue
serous membrane1.6 Anatomical Terminology, 4.1 Types of Tissues
serratus anterior11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
Sertoli cells27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
serum18.5 Hemostasis
sesamoid bone6.2 Bone Classification
set point1.5 Homeostasis
severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
sex chromosomes28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
shaft of the femur8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
shaft of the fibula8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
shaft of the humerus8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
shaft of the radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
shaft of the tibia8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
shaft of the ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
short bone6.2 Bone Classification
short reflex15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
short-term memory16.2 The Mental Status Exam
shunt28.3 Fetal Development
sickle cell disease18.3 Erythrocytes
sigmoid colon23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
sigmoid sinuses13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
simple columnar epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
simple cuboidal epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
simple squamous epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
sinoatrial (SA) node19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
sinus rhythm19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
sinus venosus19.5 Development of the Heart
sinusoid capillary20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
sister chromatid3.5 Cell Growth and Division
size exclusion12.4 The Action Potential
Skeletal muscle4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion, 10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
skeletal muscle pump20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
skeletal system6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
skeleton7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
skull7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
Slow oxidative (SO)10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
small cardiac vein19.1 Heart Anatomy
small intestine23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
small saphenous vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Smooth muscle4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion, 10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
Snellen chart16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
sodium bicarbonate24.4 Protein Metabolism
sodium-potassium pump3.1 The Cell Membrane
soft palate23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
soleal line8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
soleus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
solitary nucleus14.2 Central Processing
solution2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
soma12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
somatic cell3.5 Cell Growth and Division
somatic nervous system (SNS)12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
somatic reflex15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
somatosensation13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.1 Sensory Perception
somite7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
somites10.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 28.2 Embryonic Development
spasticity16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Spatial summation12.5 Communication Between Neurons
special sense14.1 Sensory Perception
specific gravity25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
sperm27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
spermatic cord27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
spermatid27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
spermatocyte27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
spermatogenesis27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
spermatogonia27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
spermiogenesis27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
sphenoid bone7.2 The Skull
sphenoid sinus7.2 The Skull
sphincter urethrovaginalis11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
sphygmomanometer20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
spinal accessory nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
spinal cavity1.6 Anatomical Terminology
spinal cord12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
spinal nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
spinal trigeminal nucleus14.2 Central Processing
spinalis capitis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spinalis cervicis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spinalis group11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spinalis thoracis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spine of the scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
spinocerebellar tract16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
spinocerebellum16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
spinothalamic tract14.2 Central Processing
spinous process7.3 The Vertebral Column
spiral ganglia14.1 Sensory Perception
spleen21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
splenic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
splenius11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
splenius capitis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
splenius cervicis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
spliceosome3.4 Protein Synthesis
splicing3.4 Protein Synthesis
spongy bone6.3 Bone Structure
spontaneous depolarization19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
Squamous cell carcinoma5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
squamous suture7.2 The Skull
stage of exhaustion17.6 The Adrenal Glands
stage of resistance17.6 The Adrenal Glands
stapes14.1 Sensory Perception
stem cell3.6 Cellular Differentiation
stereocilia14.1 Sensory Perception
stereognosis16.2 The Mental Status Exam
sternal angle7.4 The Thoracic Cage
sternal end of the clavicle8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
sternoclavicular joint8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
sternocleidomastoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
sternohyoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
sternothyroid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
sternum7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
steroid2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
stimulus12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
stomach23.4 The Stomach
straight sinus13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
stratified columnar epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Stratified cuboidal epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
stratum basale5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum corneum5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum granulosum5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum lucidum5.1 Layers of the Skin
stratum spinosum5.1 Layers of the Skin
stress-relaxation response10.8 Smooth Muscle
stretch mark5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
stretch reflex14.3 Motor Responses
striation4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion
striatum13.2 The Central Nervous System
stroke16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam
stroke volume (SV)19.4 Cardiac Physiology
styloglossus11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
stylohyoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
Styloid process7.2 The Skull
styloid process of the radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
styloid process of the ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
Stylomastoid foramen7.2 The Skull
subacromial bursa9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
subarachnoid space13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
subclavian artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
subclavian vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
subclavius11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
subcortical nuclei13.2 The Central Nervous System
subcutaneous bursa9.4 Synovial Joints
sublingual glands23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
submandibular glands23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
submodalities14.1 Sensory Perception
submucosa23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
submucosal plexus23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
submuscular bursa9.4 Synovial Joints
subpubic angle8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
subscapular bursa9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
subscapular fossa8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
subscapular vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
subscapularis11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
substantia nigra pars compacta13.2 The Central Nervous System
substantia nigra pars reticulata13.2 The Central Nervous System
substrate2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
subtalar joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
subtendinous bursa9.4 Synovial Joints
subthalamus13.2 The Central Nervous System
Sucrase23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
sudoriferous glands5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
sulcus13.2 The Central Nervous System, 19.1 Heart Anatomy
summate12.5 Communication Between Neurons
Superficial1.6 Anatomical Terminology
superficial anterior compartment of the forearm11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
superficial posterior compartment of the forearm11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
superficial reflex16.4 The Sensory and Motor Exams
Superior1.6 Anatomical Terminology
superior angle of the scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
superior articular process7.3 The Vertebral Column
superior articular process of the sacrum7.3 The Vertebral Column
superior border of the scapula8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
superior cervical ganglion15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
superior colliculus13.2 The Central Nervous System, 14.2 Central Processing
superior extensor retinaculum11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
superior gemellus11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
superior mesenteric artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
superior mesenteric ganglion15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
superior nasal concha7.2 The Skull
superior nuchal line7.2 The Skull
superior oblique14.1 Sensory Perception
Superior orbital fissure7.2 The Skull
superior phrenic artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
superior pubic ramus8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
superior rectus14.1 Sensory Perception
superior rotation9.5 Types of Body Movements
superior sagittal sinus13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
superior vena cava19.1 Heart Anatomy, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
supinated position9.5 Types of Body Movements
Supination9.5 Types of Body Movements
supinator11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
supine1.6 Anatomical Terminology
supplemental motor area14.3 Motor Responses
Supportive connective tissue4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
suprachiasmatic nucleus14.2 Central Processing
supraglenoid tubercle8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
Suprahyoid muscles11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
supraorbital foramen7.2 The Skull
supraorbital margin7.2 The Skull
suprascapular notch8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
supraspinatus11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
supraspinous fossa8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
supraspinous ligament7.3 The Vertebral Column
surgical neck8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
suspension2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
suspensory ligaments27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
sustentaculum tali8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
suture7.2 The Skull, 9.2 Fibrous Joints
sympathetic chain ganglia13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic division15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
sympatholytic drug15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
sympathomimetic drug15.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
symphysis9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
synapses12.2 Nervous Tissue
synaptic cleft10.2 Skeletal Muscle, 12.5 Communication Between Neurons
synaptic end bulb12.2 Nervous Tissue
synarthrosis9.1 Classification of Joints
synchondrosis9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
syncytiotrophoblast28.2 Embryonic Development
syndesmosis9.2 Fibrous Joints
synergist11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
synostosis9.2 Fibrous Joints
synovial fluid9.4 Synovial Joints
synovial joint9.1 Classification of Joints
synovial membrane4.1 Types of Tissues, 9.4 Synovial Joints
synthesis reaction2.3 Chemical Reactions
systemic anatomy1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
systemic circuit19.1 Heart Anatomy
systemic edema25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
systemic nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
systole19.3 Cardiac Cycle
systolic pressure20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
T
T cell21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
T cell tolerance21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
T cell-dependent antigen21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
T cell-independent antigen21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
T lymphocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
T wave19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
T-tubules10.2 Skeletal Muscle
talocrural joint9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
talus8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
target effector15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
target heart rate19.4 Cardiac Physiology
tarsal bone8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
taste buds14.1 Sensory Perception
tectorial membrane14.1 Sensory Perception
tectospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses
tectum13.2 The Central Nervous System
tegmentum13.2 The Central Nervous System
telencephalon13.1 The Embryologic Perspective
telogen5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
Telophase3.5 Cell Growth and Division
temporal bone7.2 The Skull
temporal fossa7.2 The Skull
temporal lobe13.2 The Central Nervous System
temporal process of the zygomatic bone7.2 The Skull
Temporal summation12.5 Communication Between Neurons
temporal vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
temporalis11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
tendinous intersections11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
tendon9.4 Synovial Joints
tendon sheath9.4 Synovial Joints
teniae coli23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
tensor fascia latae11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
teres major11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
teres minor11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
terminal electron acceptor24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
terminal ganglia13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
tertiary follicles27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
testes27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
testicular artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
testicular vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
testosterone17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
tetanus10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Th1 cells21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
Th2 cells21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
thalamus12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue, 13.2 The Central Nervous System
Thalassemia18.3 Erythrocytes
theca cells27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
thenar11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
thenar eminence11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
thermoneutral24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
thermoreceptor12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue, 14.1 Sensory Perception
thermoregulation24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
thick filament10.2 Skeletal Muscle
thigh8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
thin filament10.2 Skeletal Muscle
third ventricle13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
third-degree burn5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
thoracic aorta20.5 Circulatory Pathways
thoracic cage7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
thoracic cavity1.6 Anatomical Terminology
thoracic curve7.3 The Vertebral Column
thoracic duct21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
thoracic vertebrae7.3 The Vertebral Column
Thoracic wall compliance22.3 The Process of Breathing
thoracolumbar system15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
thoroughfare channel20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
threshold12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
thrombin18.5 Hemostasis
thrombocytes18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
thrombocytopenia18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Thrombocytosis18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
Thrombopoietin18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
thrombosis18.5 Hemostasis
thrombus18.5 Hemostasis
thymocyte21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
thymosins17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
thymus17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
thyrocervical artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
thyrohyoid11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
thyroid cartilage22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
thyroid gland17.4 The Thyroid Gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
thyroxine17.4 The Thyroid Gland
tibia8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
tibial collateral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
tibial nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
tibial tuberosity8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
tibialis anterior11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
tibialis posterior11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
Tidal volume (TV)22.3 The Process of Breathing
tight junction4.2 Epithelial Tissue
tissue1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 4.1 Types of Tissues
tissue factor18.5 Hemostasis
tissue membrane4.1 Types of Tissues
Tissue typing21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
tongue23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
Tonsils21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
topographical14.1 Sensory Perception
Total dead space22.3 The Process of Breathing
total lung capacity (TLC)22.3 The Process of Breathing
Total pressure22.4 Gas Exchange
totipotent3.6 Cellular Differentiation, 4.1 Types of Tissues
totipotent stem cell18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
trabeculae6.3 Bone Structure
trabeculae carneae19.1 Heart Anatomy
trachea22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
trachealis muscle22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
tract12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
trait28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
transamination24.4 Protein Metabolism
transcription3.4 Protein Synthesis
transcription factor3.6 Cellular Differentiation
transduction14.1 Sensory Perception
Transfer RNA (tRNA)3.4 Protein Synthesis
transferrin18.3 Erythrocytes
transient ischemic attack (TIA)16.1 Overview of the Neurological Exam, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
transitional epithelium4.2 Epithelial Tissue
Translation3.4 Protein Synthesis
Transpulmonary pressure22.3 The Process of Breathing
transverse colon23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
transverse foramen7.3 The Vertebral Column
transverse plane1.6 Anatomical Terminology
transverse process7.3 The Vertebral Column
transverse sinuses13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System, 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
transversospinales11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
transversus abdominis11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
trapezium8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
trapezius11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
trapezoid8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
treppe10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
tri11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles
triad10.2 Skeletal Muscle
tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
triceps brachii11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
tricuspid valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
trigeminal ganglion13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
trigeminal nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
triglyceride2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
triglycerides24.3 Lipid Metabolism
trigone25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
triiodothyronine17.4 The Thyroid Gland
trimesters28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
triplet3.4 Protein Synthesis
triquetrum8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
trochlea8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb, 14.1 Sensory Perception
trochlear nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
trochlear notch8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
trophoblasts28.2 Embryonic Development
tropomyosin10.2 Skeletal Muscle
troponin10.2 Skeletal Muscle
true labor28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
true ribs7.4 The Thoracic Cage
true vocal cord22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
truncus arteriosus19.5 Development of the Heart
trunk20.5 Circulatory Pathways
trypsin24.4 Protein Metabolism
trypsinogen24.4 Protein Metabolism
tubercle of the rib7.4 The Thoracic Cage
tubuloglomerular feedback25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
tunica externa20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
tunica intima20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
tunica media20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
twitch10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
tympanic membrane14.1 Sensory Perception
type I alveolar cell22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
type I hypersensitivity21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
type II alveolar cell22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
Type II hypersensitivity21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
Type III hypersensitivity21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
U
ulna8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ulnar artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
ulnar collateral ligament9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
ulnar nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
ulnar notch of the radius8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ulnar tuberosity8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
ulnar vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
Ultrasonography1.7 Medical Imaging
Umami14.1 Sensory Perception
umbilical arteries20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
umbilical cord28.2 Embryonic Development
umbilical vein20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
uniaxial joint9.1 Classification of Joints
unipennate11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
Unipolar12.2 Nervous Tissue
unipotent3.6 Cellular Differentiation
universal donor18.6 Blood Typing
universal recipient18.6 Blood Typing
upper esophageal sphincter23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
upper motor neuron12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
upregulation17.2 Hormones
urea cycle24.4 Protein Metabolism
urethra25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
Urinalysis25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
urochrome25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
urogenital triangle11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
uterine tubes27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
uterus27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
utricle14.1 Sensory Perception
V
vagina27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
vagus nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
valence shell2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Valsalva’s maneuver23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
valve19.1 Heart Anatomy
variable region domain21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
varicosity10.8 Smooth Muscle, 15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
vasa recta25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
vasa vasorum20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Vascular shock20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
vascular shunt20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vascular spasm18.5 Hemostasis
vascular tone20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Vascular tubes20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
vascular tunic14.1 Sensory Perception
vasoconstriction20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vasodilation4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vasomotion20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vasomotor nerves15.3 Central Control
vastus intermedius11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
vastus lateralis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
vastus medialis11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
vein20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
venous reserve20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
Ventilation22.4 Gas Exchange
ventral1.6 Anatomical Terminology
ventral (anterior) cavity1.6 Anatomical Terminology
ventral (anterior) nerve root13.2 The Central Nervous System
ventral posterior nucleus14.2 Central Processing
ventral respiratory group (VRG)22.3 The Process of Breathing
ventral stream14.2 Central Processing
ventricle12.2 Nervous Tissue, 19.1 Heart Anatomy
ventricles13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
ventricular ejection phase19.3 Cardiac Cycle
venule20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
vermis16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
vernix caseosa28.3 Fetal Development
vertebra7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
vertebral (spinal) canal7.3 The Vertebral Column
vertebral arch7.3 The Vertebral Column
vertebral arteries13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
vertebral artery20.5 Circulatory Pathways
vertebral column7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
vertebral foramen7.3 The Vertebral Column
vertebral vein20.5 Circulatory Pathways
vesicle3.1 The Cell Membrane
vestibular fold22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
vestibular ganglion14.1 Sensory Perception
vestibular nuclei14.2 Central Processing
vestibule14.1 Sensory Perception
vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)14.2 Central Processing, 16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
vestibulocerebellum16.5 The Coordination and Gait Exams
vestibulocochlear nerve13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
vestibulospinal tract14.3 Motor Responses
villi23.5 The Small and Large Intestines
visceral branches20.5 Circulatory Pathways
visceral muscle10.8 Smooth Muscle
visceral pleura22.2 The Lungs
visceral reflex15.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
visceral sense14.1 Sensory Perception
Vision14.1 Sensory Perception
visual acuity14.1 Sensory Perception
Vital capacity (VC)22.3 The Process of Breathing
vitamin D5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
Vitamins24.7 Nutrition and Diet
vitiligo5.1 Layers of the Skin
vitreous humor14.1 Sensory Perception
voltage-gated channel12.4 The Action Potential
voltage-gated sodium channels10.2 Skeletal Muscle
voluntary phase23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
vomer bone7.2 The Skull
vulva27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
W
wave summation10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Weber test16.3 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Wernicke’s area16.2 The Mental Status Exam
white blood cells (WBCs)18.1 An Overview of Blood
white matter12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
white rami communicantes15.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Wolffian duct27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
working memory14.3 Motor Responses
wound contraction4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
X
X-linked28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
X-linked dominant28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
X-linked recessive28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
X-ray1.7 Medical Imaging
xiphoid process7.4 The Thoracic Cage
Y
Yellow marrow6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
yolk sac28.2 Embryonic Development
Z
zona fasciculata17.6 The Adrenal Glands
zona glomerulosa17.6 The Adrenal Glands
zona pellucida28.1 Fertilization
zona reticularis17.6 The Adrenal Glands
zone of calcified matrix6.4 Bone Formation and Development
zone of maturation and hypertrophy6.4 Bone Formation and Development
zonule fibers14.1 Sensory Perception
zygapophysial joints9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
zygomatic arch7.2 The Skull
zygomatic bone7.2 The Skull
zygomatic process of the temporal bone7.2 The Skull
zygote28.1 Fertilization
Previous
Citation/Attribution

Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book is Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 and you must attribute OpenStax.

Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
Citation information

© Jan 16, 2020 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.