Review Questions
1.
On what Aegean island did Minoan civilization develop?
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Crete
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Sardinia
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Cyprus
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Rhodes
2.
The Etruscan culture arose in the central area of what modern country?
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Greece
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Anatolia
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Spain
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Italy
3.
Who developed the first alphabet?
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Egyptians
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Akkadians
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Greeks
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Phoenicians
4.
What is an example of the Greeks borrowing and adapting Phoenician cultural traits?
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Greeks adopted the Phoenician fasces to symbolize power.
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Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet.
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Greeks adopted Phoenician deities to worship as gods.
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Greeks adopted Phoenician warfare tactics in their athletic competitions.
5.
What likely set Athens on the path toward democracy as early as the eighth century BCE?
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the decline in literacy
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the decline in population
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its growing prosperity
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a rising conflict with Phoenicia
6.
What Athenian leader played an instrumental role in the founding of a democracy in Athens in the late sixth century BCE?
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Socrates
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Cleisthenes
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Pericles
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Alcibiades
7.
Though unsuccessful, the Spartans inspired the Greeks with their defense against the Persian army of what mountain pass in 480 BCE?
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Salamis
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Mantinea
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Thermopylae
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Leuctra
8.
What two Greek city-states led their respective alliances on either side in the Peloponnesian War?
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Corinth and Thermopylae
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Athens and Corcyra
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Thebes and Syracuse
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Sparta and Athens
9.
What Greek philosopher founded his own school at the Lyceum in Athens?
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Aristotle
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Plato
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Socrates
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Democritus
10.
At what battle did the forces of Philip of Macedon defeat the allied armies of Athens and Thebes in 338 BCE?
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Thermopylae
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Chaeronea
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Leuctra
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Salamis
11.
What land did Alexander the Great and the Macedonians conquer?
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Egypt
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Italy
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Sicily
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Carthage
12.
What Greek city was the largest in the Hellenistic period?
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Alexandria
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Carthage
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Athens
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Sparta
13.
Around what Persian sun god did a mystery religion form?
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Zeus
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Isis
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Baal
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Mithras
14.
In what branch of government was Rome’s Council of Elders?
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Senate
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praetors
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censors
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tribunes
15.
What Roman officials could veto the actions of Roman law courts, the popular assemblies, and the Senate?
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consuls
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praetors
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censors
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tribunes
16.
The common people of the Roman Republic were known as:
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patricians
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optimates
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plebeians
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senators
17.
With what group did Rome fight a war for control of the Mediterranean?
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Latins
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Carthaginians
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Samnites
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Etruscans
18.
What were private contractors called who constructed public works and collected taxes in Rome?
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publicans
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equestrians
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populares
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proletariat
19.
Who were the members of the First Triumvirate?
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Lepidus, Caesar, Octavian
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Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
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Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
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Pompey, Lepidus, Marc Antony
20.
What event led to the establishment of the Second Triumvirate?
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the assassination of Caesar
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the succession of Tiberius
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the retirement of Lepidus
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the suicide of Cleopatra
21.
Julius Caesar won popularity among the Roman people for his successful military campaigns in ______.
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Pontus
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Parthia
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Carthage
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Gaul
22.
Octavian’s success in the civil war was due largely to support from ______.
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Pompey’s veteran soldiers
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optimates
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Julius Caesar’s veteran soldiers
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Julius Caesar’s assassins
23.
Octavian’s naval forces defeated those of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of ______.
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Pharsalus
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Actium
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Philippi
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Zama