Check Your Understanding Questions
1
.
What were the three major Phoenician cities and where were they located?
2
.
What explains why iron replaced bronze as the metal of choice between 1200 and 900 BCE in the Near East and eastern Mediterranean?
3
.
What evidence suggests that Minoan civilization was conquered by the Mycenaeans?
4
.
What was the primary reason that Greeks established colonies overseas in the Archaic period?
5
.
What were Athens’s and Sparta’s expectations of their respective allies before and during the Peloponnesian War?
6
.
Under Athens’s democracy in the Classical period, how were Athenian citizens (free adult males) able to participate in the government?
7
.
In what ways did the efforts of Philip II ultimately lead to the success of Alexander the Great?
8
.
What were the boundaries of Alexander the Great’s empire by the time of his death in 323 BCE?
9
.
Why was there a period of wars following Alexander’s death in 323 BCE?
10
.
Who were the tribunes and what were their main powers as elected officials?
11
.
How did the plebeians win concessions from the ruling patricians during the Struggle of the Orders?
12
.
During the Punic Wars and the wars fought by Rome thereafter, why did Rome’s farmers come under stress?
13
.
What did Augustus actually accomplish with his efforts to “restore” the Republic?
14
.
Why did some Roman senators assassinate Julius Caesar?
15
.
During the wars between the members of the Second Triumvirate, what advantage did Octavian enjoy over his rivals?