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Prealgebra 2e

Chapter 4

Prealgebra 2eChapter 4

Chapter 4

Be Prepared

4.1

11 11

4.2

− 2 > − 5 − 2 > − 5

4.3

2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3

4.5

Answers may vary. Acceptable answers include 1012,1518,5060,1012,1518,5060, etc.

4.6

3 3

4.7

1 12 1 12

4.8

13 5 13 5

4.9

5 x + 5 5 x + 5

4.11

5 6 5 6

4.12

10 12 , 15 18 10 12 , 15 18

4.13

2 2

4.15

2 3 4 2 3 4

4.16

7 2 7 2

4.17

1 1

4.18

y = 6 y = 6

4.19

- 6 - 6

Try It

4.1
  1. ⓐ 3838
  2. ⓑ 4949
4.2
  1. ⓐ 3535
  2. ⓑ 3434
4.9

5 3 = 1 2 3 5 3 = 1 2 3

4.10

13 8 = 1 5 8 13 8 = 1 5 8

4.13

1 2 7 1 2 7

4.14

1 3 4 1 3 4

4.15

11 8 11 8

4.16

11 6 11 6

4.17

1 6 7 . 1 6 7 .

4.18

1 5 9 1 5 9

4.19

3 2 7 3 2 7

4.20

4 4 11 4 4 11

4.21

26 7 26 7

4.22

23 8 23 8

4.23

50 11 50 11

4.24

34 3 34 3

4.25

2

4.26

3

4.27

Correct answers include 610,915,610,915, and 1220.1220.

4.28

Correct answers include 810,1215,810,1215, and 1620.1620.

4.29

18 21 18 21

4.30

30 100 30 100

4.35
  1. ⓐ >
  2. ⓑ >
  3. ⓒ <
  4. ⓓ <
4.36
  1. ⓐ >
  2. ⓑ <
  3. ⓒ >
  4. ⓓ <
4.37

2 3 2 3

4.38

3 4 3 4

4.39

− 3 4 − 3 4

4.40

− 2 3 − 2 3

4.41

− 9 7 − 9 7

4.42

− 9 5 − 9 5

4.43

23 40 23 40

4.44

5 8 5 8

4.45

x y x y

4.46

a b a b

4.47

3 10 3 10

4.48

5 12 5 12

4.49

2 15 2 15

4.50

21 40 21 40

4.51

5 14 5 14

4.52

14 27 14 27

4.53

− 4 21 − 4 21

4.54

− 3 16 − 3 16

4.55
  1. ⓐ 9
  2. ⓑ −33a
4.56
  1. ⓐ 2424
  2. ⓑ 44x344x3
4.57
  1. ⓐ 7575
  2. ⓑ −8−8
  3. ⓒ −411−411
  4. ⓓ 114114
4.58
  1. ⓐ 7373
  2. ⓑ −12−12
  3. ⓒ −914−914
  4. ⓓ 121121
4.61

2


4.62

2


4.63

6


4.64

6


4.65

− 9 14 − 9 14

4.66

− 10 21 − 10 21

4.67

21 5 p 21 5 p

4.68

15 8 q 15 8 q

4.69

4 5 4 5

4.70

5 4 5 4

4.71

4 15 4 15

4.72

2 3 2 3

4.73

2

4.74

9 4 9 4

4.75

−15

4.76

− 85 6 − 85 6

4.77

5 8 5 8

4.78

7 8 7 8

4.79

2

4.80

5 2 5 2

4.81

9 s 14 9 s 14

4.82

5 y 6 5 y 6

4.83

a − b c d a − b c d

4.84

p + q r p + q r

4.85

4 5 4 5

4.86

11 14 11 14

4.87

− 2 7 − 2 7

4.88

− 10 3 − 10 3

4.89

3 4 b 3 4 b

4.90

4 q 4 q

4.91

25 49 . 25 49 .

4.92

1 2 1 2

4.93

− 3 5 , 3 −5 − 3 5 , 3 −5

4.94

−2 7 , 2 −7 −2 7 , 2 −7

4.95

10 9 10 9

4.96

1 2 1 2

4.97

−3 4 −3 4

4.98

− 2 3 − 2 3

4.99

2 9 2 9

4.100

8 5 8 5

4.103

5 8 5 8

4.104

5 6 5 6

4.105

5 6 5 6

4.107

x + 3 4 x + 3 4

4.108

y + 5 8 y + 5 8

4.109

1 d 1 d

4.110

3 m 3 m

4.111

9 p 8 9 p 8

4.112

9 q 5 9 q 5

4.113

− 2 3 − 2 3

4.114

− 2 3 − 2 3

4.115

3838, models may differ.

4.116

1616, models may differ

4.117

3 7 3 7

4.118

1 2 1 2

4.119

x − 2 7 x − 2 7

4.120

y − 13 14 y − 13 14

4.121

− 16 x − 16 x

4.122

− 22 a − 22 a

4.123

−1

4.124

− 2 3 − 2 3

4.125

60

4.126

15

4.127

96

4.128

224

4.129

9 12 , 10 12 9 12 , 10 12

4.130

− 35 60 , 44 60 − 35 60 , 44 60

4.131

52 96 , 51 96 52 96 , 51 96

4.132

72 224 , 189 224 72 224 , 189 224

4.133

7 12 7 12

4.134

7 10 7 10

4.135

5 8 5 8

4.136

1 2 1 2

4.137

79 60 79 60

4.138

103 60 103 60

4.139

1 96 1 96

4.140

75 224 75 224

4.141

37 210 37 210

4.142

− 25 96 − 25 96

4.143

3 y + 14 18 3 y + 14 18

4.144

5 x + 14 30 5 x + 14 30

4.145
  1. ⓐ −1112−1112
  2. ⓑ −18−18
4.146
  1. ⓐ −103−103
  2. ⓑ 13121312
4.147
  1. ⓐ (27a−32)36(27a−32)36
  2. ⓑ 2a32a3
4.148
  1. ⓐ (24k+25)30(24k+25)30
  2. ⓑ 24k524k5
4.149

1 90 1 90

4.150

272

4.152

2 7 2 7

4.153
  1. ⓐ −1−1
  2. ⓑ −12−12
4.154
  1. ⓐ 7676
  2. ⓑ −14−14
4.155

− 3 4 − 3 4

4.156

− 23 8 − 23 8

4.157

− 1 2 − 1 2

4.158

2 3 2 3

4.159

− 5 2 − 5 2

4.160

3 2 3 2

4.163

423423

4.164

312312

4.165

5 6 7 5 6 7

4.166

7 9 11 7 9 11

4.167

16 1 2 16 1 2

4.168

15 1 3 15 1 3

4.169

9 1 3 9 1 3

4.170

6 3 5 6 3 5

4.171

3434

4.172

4545

4.173

9595

4.174

5353

4.175

2323

4.176

3434

4.177

2323

4.178

2525

4.179

2 2 3 2 2 3

4.180

1 5 7 1 5 7

4.181

2 2 3 2 2 3

4.182

1 5 7 1 5 7

4.183

6 7 12 6 7 12

4.184

12 3 10 12 3 10

4.185

4 7 10 4 7 10

4.186

2 11 12 2 11 12

4.187

− 41 8 − 41 8

4.188

− 757 63 − 757 63

4.189
  1. ⓐ no
  2. ⓑ yes
  3. ⓒ no
4.190
  1. ⓐ no
  2. ⓑ no
  3. ⓒ yes
4.191

− 1 2 − 1 2

4.192

− 4 15 − 4 15

4.193

−1

4.194

− 6 7 − 6 7

4.195

− 19 3 − 19 3

4.196

23 2 23 2

4.197

−125

4.198

−243

4.199

245

4.200

132

4.201

−48

4.202

23

4.203

35

4.204

18

4.205

−91

4.206

−108

4.207

n 7 = −21 ; n = −147 n 7 = −21 ; n = −147

4.208

n 8 = −56 ; n = −448 n 8 = −56 ; n = −448

4.209

q −8 = 72 ; q = −576 q −8 = 72 ; q = −576

4.210

p −9 = 81 ; p = −729 p −9 = 81 ; p = −729

4.211

2 5 f = 16 ; f = 40 2 5 f = 16 ; f = 40

4.212

3 4 f = 21 ; f = 28 3 4 f = 21 ; f = 28

4.213

n 2 3 = 5 12 ; n = 5 18 n 2 3 = 5 12 ; n = 5 18

4.214

c 3 8 = 4 9 ; c = 1 6 c 3 8 = 4 9 ; c = 1 6

4.215

5 8 + x = 1 4 ; x = − 3 8 5 8 + x = 1 4 ; x = − 3 8

4.216

1 3 4 − x = 5 6 ; x = 11 12 1 3 4 − x = 5 6 ; x = 11 12

Section 4.1 Exercises

1.
  1. ⓐ 1414
  2. ⓑ 3434
  3. ⓒ 3838
  4. ⓓ 5858
3.


5.


7.


9.


11.


13.


15.


17.
  1. ⓐ 54=11454=114
  2. ⓑ 74=13474=134
  3. ⓒ 118=138118=138
19.
  1. ⓐ 114=234114=234
  2. ⓑ 198=238198=238
21.


23.


25.


27.


29.

1 2 3 1 2 3

31.

2 3 5 2 3 5

33.

3 1 9 3 1 9

35.

3 2 15 3 2 15

37.

7 5 7 5

39.

17 6 17 6

41.

19 7 19 7

43.

32 9 32 9

45.

4

47.

9

49.

9

51.

Answers may vary. Correct answers include 26,39,412.26,39,412.

53.

Answers may vary. Correct answers include 1012,1518,2024.1012,1518,2024.

55.

Answers may vary. Correct answers include 1018,1527,2036.1018,1527,2036.

57.


59.


61.


63.


65.

<

67.

>

69.

<

71.

<

73.
  1. ⓐ 2
  2. ⓑ 614614
75.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.2 Exercises

77.

1 3 1 3

79.

3 4 3 4

81.

− 5 11 − 5 11

83.

− 12 7 − 12 7

85.

10 21 10 21

87.

− 7 8 − 7 8

89.

x y x y

91.

− x 4 y − x 4 y

93.

2 x 2 3 y 2 x 2 3 y

95.

1313

97.

518518

99.

2 15 2 15

101.

27 40 27 40

103.

1 4 1 4

105.

− 1 6 − 1 6

107.

− 2 9 − 2 9

109.

− 21 50 − 21 50

111.

11 30 11 30

113.

20 11 20 11

115.

9n

117.

7p

119.

−34

121.

3 8 3 8

123.

8 27 8 27

125.

1296 625 1296 625

127.

4 3 4 3

129.

− 17 5 − 17 5

131.

8 11 8 11

133.

− 1 19 − 1 19

135.

1

136.


137.


139.

4

141.

12

143.

4

145.

16 15 16 15

147.

− 5 4 − 5 4

149.

1

151.

18 5 y 18 5 y

153.

25 2 c 25 2 c

155.

− 3 4 − 3 4

157.

2 9 2 9

159.

14 r 15 s 14 r 15 s

161.

−12

163.

− 1 25 − 1 25

165.

9

167.

8 7 8 7

169.
  • ⓐ 4·234·23 cups=83=83 cups=223=223 cups
  • ⓑ Answers will vary.
171.

1818 yard

173.

Answers will vary.

175.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.3 Exercises

177.

44 21 44 21

179.

35 8 35 8

181.

− 16 3 − 16 3

183.

− 63 16 − 63 16

185.

3 2 3 2

187.

− 4 3 − 4 3

189.

2

191.

5

193.

7 v 13 7 v 13

195.

a b a b

197.

A 3 − B A 3 − B

199.

3 2 3 2

201.

− 15 22 − 15 22

203.

− 3 10 − 3 10

205.

1 6 1 6

207.

3 r 5 s 3 r 5 s

209.

9 2 y 9 2 y

211.

28

213.

− 1 18 − 1 18

215.

−4 9 , − 4 9 −4 9 , − 4 9

217.

13 −6 , −13 6 13 −6 , −13 6

219.

12 7 12 7

221.

5 2 5 2

223.

23 4 23 4

225.

− 1 3 − 1 3

227.

4 5 4 5

229.

− 1 2 − 1 2

231.

2

233.

5 6 5 6

235.

26 25 26 25

237.

11 6 11 6

239.

5 2 5 2

241.

−10

243.

−2

245.

51 20 51 20

247.

18 7 18 7

249.
  1. ⓐ 43=11343=113 cups
  2. ⓑ 803=2623803=2623 cups
251.

Answers will vary.

253.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.4 Exercises

255.



710710

257.



3434

259.

7 9 7 9

261.

16 15 16 15

263.

y + 2 3 y + 2 3

265.

14 q 14 q

267.

9 a 7 9 a 7

269.

−4 x 5 −4 x 5

271.

− 3 4 − 3 4

273.

− 7 8 − 7 8

275.

8 19 8 19

277.

− 13 12 − 13 12

279.



1212

281.

1 5 1 5

283.

5 13 5 13

285.

1 6 1 6

287.

− 8 3 − 8 3

289.

x − 8 19 x − 8 19

291.

11 z − 8 13 11 z − 8 13

293.

− 14 c − 14 c

295.

− 55 v − 55 v

297.

3 d 11 3 d 11

299.

− 14 s 3 − 14 s 3

301.

2 7 2 7

303.

− 3 11 − 3 11

305.

− 1 8 − 1 8

307.

6 − s 11 6 − s 11

309.

− 2 9 − 2 9

311.

49 27 49 27

313.

1414 cup

315.

No, adding up the number of pieces gives 13121312, which is greater than 1. (Answers may vary.)

Section 4.5 Exercises

317.

20

319.

48

321.

240

323.

245

325.

60

327.

5 20 , 4 20 5 20 , 4 20

329.

14 24 , 15 24 14 24 , 15 24

331.

33 48 , − 20 48 33 48 , − 20 48

333.

20 60 , 45 60 , 36 60 20 60 , 45 60 , 36 60

335.

9 20 9 20

337.

11 24 11 24

339.

3 8 3 8

341.

2 3 2 3

343.

23 20 23 20

345.

19 24 19 24

347.

1 48 1 48

349.

1 24 1 24

351.

1 12 1 12

353.

7 60 7 60

355.

− 53 80 − 53 80

357.

− 291 245 − 291 245

359.

1 20 1 20

361.

11 40 11 40

363.

11 6 11 6

365.

7 10 7 10

367.

3 y + 4 6 3 y + 4 6

369.

4 x − 5 20 4 x − 5 20

371.
  1. ⓐ 5656
  2. ⓑ 44
373.
  1. ⓐ −3740−3740
  2. ⓑ −110−110
375.
  1. ⓐ 9a149a14
  2. ⓑ 9a−14249a−1424
377.
  1. ⓐ −4q27−4q27
  2. ⓑ 12−25q4512−25q45
379.

3 4 3 4

381.

11 24 11 24

383.

7 18 7 18

385.

− 2 15 − 2 15

387.

−33 − 8 x 88 −33 − 8 x 88

389.

16 39 16 39

391.

1 81 1 81

393.

32

395.

36 25 36 25

397.

60 7 60 7

399.

15 2 15 2

401.

3 13 3 13

403.

19 30 19 30

405.

−9

407.

91 60 91 60

409.

11 40 11 40

411.

5 6 5 6

413.

1

415.

22 7 22 7

417.
  1. ⓐ 1212
  2. ⓑ −1−1
419.
  1. ⓐ 0 0
  2. ⓑ −16−16
421.
  1. ⓐ 1313
  2. ⓑ −1−1
423.
  1. ⓐ 1616
  2. ⓑ 2323
425.

4 15 4 15

427.

− 9 16 − 9 16

429.

−2

431.

3

433.

She needs 238238 cups

435.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.6 Exercises

437.



323323

439.



323323

441.

7 5 9 7 5 9

443.

11

445.

11 1 3 11 1 3

447.

11 1 3 11 1 3

449.



1212

451.

1 1 6 1 1 6

453.

6 2 5 6 2 5

455.

1 7 9 1 7 9

457.

5 6 5 6

459.

7 11 12 7 11 12

461.

16 1 6 16 1 6

463.

5 11 20 5 11 20

465.

−1 11 24 −1 11 24

467.

6 17 18 6 17 18

469.

7 9 7 9

471.

23

473.

8 3 4 8 3 4

475.

4 15 4 15

477.

5 3 5 5 3 5

479.

1 16 1 16

481.

13 1 13 13 1 13

483.

7 1 30 7 1 30

485.

10 27 10 27

487.

2 7 45 2 7 45

489.

17 24 17 24

491.

712712 yards

493.

13141314 inches

495.

Answers will vary.

497.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.7 Exercises

499.
  1. ⓐ no
  2. ⓑ yes
  3. ⓒ no
501.
  1. ⓐ no
  2. ⓑ yes
  3. ⓒ no
503.

m = 1 2 m = 1 2

505.

h = − 2 3 h = − 2 3

507.

c = −1

509.

z = −1

511.

p = 37 40 p = 37 40

513.

k = − 7 15 k = − 7 15

515.

k = 18 7 k = 18 7

517.

v = − 11 3 v = − 11 3

519.

b = −27

521.

x = −256

523.

q = 160

525.

s = 45

527.

y = −42

529.

k = 17 20 k = 17 20

531.

p = 100

533.

m = −16

535.

b = −21

537.

v = 36

539.

y = 0

541.

g = 1 9 g = 1 9

543.

q = − 3 4 q = − 3 4

545.

n = 14 5 n = 14 5

547.

y = − 25 24 y = − 25 24

549.

d = − 8 15 d = − 8 15

551.

n 6 = −24 ; n = −144 n 6 = −24 ; n = −144

553.

m −7 = −8 ; m = 56 m −7 = −8 ; m = 56

555.

f −4 = −20 ; f = 80 f −4 = −20 ; f = 80

557.

g 9 = 14 ; g = 126 g 9 = 14 ; g = 126

559.

2 5 q = 20 ; q = 50 2 5 q = 20 ; q = 50

561.

4 9 p = −28 ; p = −63 4 9 p = −28 ; p = −63

563.

h 2 = 43 ; h = 86 h 2 = 43 ; h = 86

565.

a 2 3 = 3 4 ; a = 1 2 a 2 3 = 3 4 ; a = 1 2

567.

3 4 + x = 1 8 ; x = − 5 8 3 4 + x = 1 8 ; x = − 5 8

569.

y − 1 3 = − 1 6 ; y = 1 6 y − 1 3 = − 1 6 ; y = 1 6

571.

30 inches

573.

Answers will vary.

Review Exercises

575.

5 9 5 9

577.

3 2 = 1 1 2 3 2 = 1 1 2

579.

5 8 11 5 8 11

581.

49 5 49 5

583.

Answers may vary.

585.


587.

>

589.

− 3 4 − 3 4

591.

− x y − x y

593.

− 4 7 − 4 7

595.

24 m 11 24 m 11

597.

6

599.

4 15 4 15

601.

−4

603.

4

605.

4 15 4 15

607.

− 5 2 b − 5 2 b

609.

− 268 11 − 268 11

611.

8

613.

V h − 6 V h − 6

615.

− 2 9 − 2 9

617.

22

619.

7 36 7 36

621.

5 8 5 8

623.

3 5 3 5

625.

x + 7 10 x + 7 10

627.

1 2 1 2

629.

− 19 15 − 19 15

631.

8 15 8 15

633.

15

635.

60

637.

924924 and 20242024

639.

2060,45602060,4560 and 48604860

641.

1 4 1 4

643.

− 77 90 − 77 90

645.

3 y − 10 30 3 y − 10 30

647.

14 d 11 14 d 11

649.

256 225 256 225

651.
  1. ⓐ −85−85
  2. ⓑ −1120−1120
653.

13 2 3 13 2 3

655.

8 1 11 8 1 11

657.

5 1 10 5 1 10

659.

1 1 3 1 1 3

661.
  1. ⓐ no
  2. ⓑ yes
  3. ⓒ no
663.

n = − 5 11 n = − 5 11

665.

h = − 51 40 h = − 51 40

667.

z = −23

669.

q − 1 10 = 1 2 ; q = 3 5 q − 1 10 = 1 2 ; q = 3 5

671.

3 8 y = 24 ; y = 64 3 8 y = 24 ; y = 64

Practice Test

673.

23 7 23 7

675.

1 4 1 4

677.

1 4 1 4

679.

16u

681.

−2

683.

12 25 12 25

685.

5

687.

5 p 2 q 5 p 2 q

689.

13

691.

− 7 13 − 7 13

693.

−1

695.

− 9 4 x − 9 4 x

697.

3

699.

y = 4 5 y = 4 5

701.

f = 13 12 f = 13 12

703.

c = −27

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