Unfolding Case Study
1.
b.
The components of an effective PICOT question are population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time.
2.
c.
The intervention refers to the change or treatment that will be implemented for the identified population. The intervention in this PICOT is daily exercise.
3.
c.
After the PICOT question has been developed, the next step is to search the literature for research evidence to support the proposed intervention of exercise to reduce anxiety in adolescents.
4.
d.
Though all of the above databases could be used, Medline Full Text specifically highlights articles regarding public health and public policy.
5.
d.
Critically appraising each study for relevance and credibility is necessary to ensure the information provided is meaningful, trustworthy, and relevant. Information is considered trustworthy based on its confirmability and the reviewer’s confidence in the believability of the information produced in the literature.
6.
a.
Researchers use a pyramid to rank the evidence. At the highest level of the pyramid, randomized controlled studies should be used first to compile the most effective evidence.
Review Questions
1.
c.
EBDM provides a concrete, objective, and replicable process to ensure that interventions are supported by data.
2.
b.
The applicability of a research article refers to how well the results and data can pertain to broad or specific populations.
4.
b.
Zinc supplementation is the intervention in this PICOT question. Intervention is the change or treatment that will be implemented for the identified client (population).
5.
b.
Synthesizing the data involves compiling the information to determine what the research is saying about the concern/issue and identifying common trends in the data.
6.
a.
Databases, collections of information organized in a systematic method, are helpful during the process of searching for sources of existing literature related to the topic of one’s inquiry. The Cochrane Library database is a core source for EBP, including systematic reviews that are regularly updated.
7.
d.
Each participant in a research study should receive fully transparent information regarding the intent of the research and how the information will be used.
8.
d.
The population of a PICOT question is the individuals, community, or population being studied. In this research question, the nurse is studying high school students in a specific rural community who smoke.
9.
a.
Qualitative research deals with nonnumerical data such as experiences, attitudes, and behaviors.
10.
c.
During the evaluation phase, the final step in EBDM, the nurse determines the effectiveness of the implemented plan by determining if the plan accomplished what was intended and, if not, what may need to be changed moving forward.