- abusive head trauma (AHT)
- a preventable, severe form of physical child abuse that results in injury to the brain of an infant or child; includes shaken baby syndrome
- ageism
- discrimination against older people because of negative and inaccurate stereotyping
- alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)
- congenital disorders due to FASD in which the infant may have problems with the heart, kidneys, bones, and/or hearing
- alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
- an FASD in which the infant may experience intellectual disabilities and/or problems with behavior and learning; may have difficulties in school, particularly with math, memory, attention, and judgment, as well as poor impulse control
- code-switching
- the mixing of two languages during a conversation that often occurs in dual language learners
- concussion
- a traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body, which causes the person to experience any of a defined set of signs or symptoms
- developmental disabilities
- a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas, which begin during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout the lifetime
- dual language learners (DLLs)
- children who are learning two or more languages simultaneously or learning a second language while still learning their first language
- elder abuse
- an intentional act or failure to act that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult
- family engagement
- the process used to build genuine relationships with families to promote strong parent-child relationships, family well-being, and better outcomes for children and families
- fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)
- a group of conditions that can occur in a person who was exposed to alcohol before birth
- fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
- an FASD in which the infant exhibits central nervous system (CNS) problems, minor facial features, growth problems, or problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication, vision, and/or hearing; may have difficulties in school and trouble getting along with others
- gestational diabetes
- diabetes that can develop during pregnancy; caused when the body cannot make enough insulin to meet its needs during pregnancy
- infant mortality rate
- the number of children dying under 1 year of age divided by the number of live births that year
- low birth weight (LBW)
- a newborn weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth
- multiple gestation
- the term for pregnancy with twins, triplets, or more fetuses
- neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
- a treatable condition that occurs in newborns exposed to certain drugs, particularly opioids, in utero
- neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)
- a term used specifically to describe the symptoms experienced by infants exposed to opioids in utero
- neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE)
- an FASD in which the delivering client must have consumed more than 13 alcoholic drinks per month of pregnancy (that is, any 30-day period of pregnancy) or more than two alcoholic drinks in one setting, and the child must have problems in three defined areas
- obesity
- adult body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher
- preeclampsia
- a sudden spike in a pregnant client’s high blood pressure
- preterm birth
- when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy
- sexual risk behavior
- any sexual behavior (typically condom-unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse) that puts one at risk for one or more defined adverse health outcomes
- sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- the sudden, unexpected death of a baby less than 1 year old that does not have a known cause even after full investigation
- sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
- umbrella category for all sudden, unexpected infant deaths from known causes, such as injury or accident, and those from unknown causes