Short Answer
21.1 Planck and Quantum Nature of Light
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The curve would appear as a Gaussian probability distribution with a large peak in the middle.
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The curve would appear as a vertical line.
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The curve would appear as a horizontal line.
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The curve would appear as a diagonal line correlating intensity to frequency at a 1:1 ratio.
Because there are more gradations to high frequency radiation than low frequency radiation, scientists also thought it possible that a curve titled the ultraviolet catastrophe would occur. Explain what the blackbody radiation curve would look like if this were the case.
- The curve would steadily increase in intensity with increasing frequency.
- The curve would steadily decrease in intensity with increasing frequency.
- The curve would be much steeper than in the blackbody radiation graph.
- The curve would be much flatter than in the blackbody radiation graph.
Energy provided by a light exists in the following quantities: 150 J, 225 J, 300 J. Define one possible quantum of energy and provide an energy state that cannot exist with this quantum.
- 65 J; 450 J cannot exist
- 70 J; 450 J cannot exist
- 75 J; 375 J cannot exist
- 75 J; 100 J cannot exist
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Planck’s constant is smaller than any previous discovered constant.
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Planck hypothesized that energy is quantized rather than continuous.
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Planck’s theories meant that classical physics was no longer useful for any system.
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Plank discovered the blackbody radiation spectrum.
How many 500-mm microwave photons are needed to supply the 8 kJ of energy necessary to heat a cup of water by 10 degrees Celsius?
- 8.05 × 1028 photons
- 8.05 × 1026 photons
- 2.01 × 1026 photons
- 2.01 × 1028 photons
What is the efficiency of a 100-W, 550-nm lightbulb if a photometer finds that 1 × 1020 photons are emitted each second?
- 101 percent
- 72 percent
- 18 percent
- 36 percent
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Gamma rays
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Radio waves
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Ultraviolet light
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X-rays
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Photons of gamma rays and X-rays carry with them less energy.
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Photons of gamma rays and X-rays have longer wavelengths.
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Photons of gamma rays and X-rays have lower frequencies.
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Photons of gamma rays and X-rays carry with them more energy.
21.2 Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect
According to wave theory, what is necessary to eject electrons from a surface?
- Enough energy to overcome the binding energy of the electrons at the surface
- A frequency that is higher than that of the electrons at the surface
- Energy that is lower than the binding energy of the electrons at the surface
- A very small number of photons
What is the wavelength of EM radiation that ejects 2.00-eV electrons from calcium metal, given that the binding energy is 2.71 eV?
- 16.1 × 105 m
- 6.21 × 10−5 m
- 9.94 × 10−26 m
- 2.63 × 10-7 m
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6.22 \times 10^{-7}\,\text{m}
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5.92 \times 10^{-5}\,\text{m}
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1.24 \times 10^{-5}\,\text{m}
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5.31 \times 10^{-7}\,\text{m}
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The light’s wavelength was about 837 nm.
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The light’s wavelength was about 886 nm.
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The light’s wavelength was about 908 nm.
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The light’s wavelength was about 950 nm.
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Solar panels take advantage of the photoelectric effect to store potential energy as heat.
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Solar panels take advantage of the photoelectric effect to convert heat energy into power.
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Solar panels take advantage of the photoelectric effect to generate power from incoming radiation.
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Solar panels take advantage of the photoelectric effect to create light from incoming heat energy.
21.3 The Dual Nature of Light
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The photon’s wavelength will drop to zero.
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The photon’s wavelength will decrease.
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The photon’s wavelength will increase.
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The photon’s wavelength will be inverted.
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Their momentums are the same because they have the same energy.
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The electron has a greater momentum than the photon; photon momentum arises from Planck’s constant which is many orders of magnitude smaller than the mass of an electron.
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The photon has a greater momentum than the electron; photon momentum arises from the speed of light which is much faster than an electron can move.
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The photon must have a momentum of zero because its rest mass is zero.
A 500-nm photon strikes an electron and loses 20 percent of its energy. What is the new momentum of the photon?
- 4.24 × 10−27 kg ⋅ m/s
- 3.18 × 10−27 kg ⋅ m/s
- 2.12 × 10−27 kg ⋅ m/s
- 1.06 × 10−27 kg ⋅ m/s
A 500-nm photon strikes an electron and loses 20 percent of its energy. What is the speed of the recoiling electron?
- 7.18 × 105 m/s
- 6.18 × 105 m/s
- 5.18 × 105 m/s
- 4.18 × 105 m/s
When a photon strikes a solar sail, what is the direction of impulse on the photon?
- parallel to the sail
- perpendicular to the sail
- tangential to the sail
- opposite to the sail
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Solar sails rely on disorganized strikes from light particles, while sailboats rely on disorganized strikes from air particles.
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Solar sails rely on disorganized strikes from air particles, while sailboats rely on disorganized strikes from light particles.
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Solar sails rely on organized strikes from air particles, while sailboats rely on organized strikes from light particles.
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Solar sails rely on organized strikes from light particles, while sailboats rely on organized strikes from air particles.
The wavelength of a particle is called the de Broglie wavelength, and it can be found with the equation .
Yes or no—Can the wavelength of an electron match that of a proton?
- Yes, a slow-moving electron can achieve the same momentum as a slow-moving proton.
- No, a fast-moving electron cannot achieve the same momentum, and hence the same wavelength, as a proton.
- No, an electron can achieve the same momentum, and hence not the same wavelength, as a proton.
- Yes, a fast-moving electron can achieve the same momentum, and hence have the same wavelength, as a slow-moving proton.
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The length of the wave is the same as the diameter of the ball, so they are indistinguishable.
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The length of the wave is longer than the diameter of the ball, making the wave difficult to observe.
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The length of the wave is much shorter than the diameter of the ball, making the wave difficult to observe.
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The ball is not rolling quickly enough to have wave-like qualities.