- acromegaly
- a disorder that results in overgrowth of bones in the face, hands, and feet in response to abnormally high levels of growth hormone
- dwarfism
- short stature secondary to a genetic or medical condition
- gestational diabetes
- a disorder that produces glucose intolerance during pregnancy as the result of dysfunction or delayed response of the beta cells to blood glucose
- glycemic index
- a system that ranks carbohydrate-containing foods on a scale from 1 to 100 based on their ability to raise blood sugar levels quickly or significantly
- human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
- a hormone that stimulates the corpus luteum to produce the progesterone necessary for promoting and maintaining a growing fetus; reduces the pregnant individual’s immune function to protect the fetus from immune rejection
- hyperemesis gravidarum
- a condition during pregnancy characterized by extreme, persistent nausea and vomiting
- hyperglycemia
- a blood glucose greater than 125 mg/dL or plasma blood glucose level greater than 150 mg/dL
- hyperthyroidism
- a clinically abnormal, elevated level of thyroid hormone in the blood; characterized by an increased metabolic rate, excessive body heat and sweating, diarrhea, weight loss, tremors, and increased heart rate
- hypoglycemia
- a blood glucose level at or less than 40 mg/dL
- hypothyroidism
- a clinically abnormal, low level of thyroid hormone in the blood; characterized by low metabolic rate, weight gain, cold extremities, constipation, reduced libido, menstrual irregularities, and reduced mental activity
- insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
- a peptide hormone that promotes bone and tissue growth
- malnutrition
- occurs when the body either does not receive sufficient nutrients or is unable to absorb essential nutrients, resulting in body composition changes and impaired functions
- puberty
- a stage of development in which sexual maturation and reproduction capabilities refine and mature
- relaxin
- a hormone secreted by the corpus luteum and then by the placenta to help prepare the body for childbirth
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- a hormone that triggers secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland
- thyroxine (T4)
- tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine) long-acting hormone released by the thyroid gland that can be converted to T3
- triiodothyronine (T3)
- hormone released by the thyroid gland to help regulate processes including metabolism, weight, and energy levels
- type 1 diabetes
- insulin-dependent diabetes; develops when insulin producing cells (beta cells) are destroyed in the pancreas, resulting in low to non-existent levels of insulin
- type 2 diabetes
- noninsulin-dependent diabetes; results from insulin resistance that develops gradually from obesity and aging