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Introduction to Political Science

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Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. Introduction to Political Science
    1. 1 What Is Politics and What Is Political Science?
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Defining Politics: Who Gets What, When, Where, How, and Why?
      3. 1.2 Public Policy, Public Interest, and Power
      4. 1.3 Political Science: The Systematic Study of Politics
      5. 1.4 Normative Political Science
      6. 1.5 Empirical Political Science
      7. 1.6 Individuals, Groups, Institutions, and International Relations
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  3. Individuals
    1. 2 Political Behavior Is Human Behavior
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 What Goals Should We Seek in Politics?
      3. 2.2 Why Do Humans Make the Political Choices That They Do?
      4. 2.3 Human Behavior Is Partially Predictable
      5. 2.4 The Importance of Context for Political Decisions
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 3 Political Ideology
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Classical Origins of Western Political Ideologies
      3. 3.2 The Laws of Nature and the Social Contract
      4. 3.3 The Development of Varieties of Liberalism
      5. 3.4 Nationalism, Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
      6. 3.5 Contemporary Democratic Liberalism
      7. 3.6 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Left
      8. 3.7 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Right
      9. 3.8 Political Ideologies That Reject Political Ideology: Scientific Socialism, Burkeanism, and Religious Extremism
      10. Summary
      11. Key Terms
      12. Review Questions
      13. Suggested Readings
    3. 4 Civil Liberties
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 The Freedom of the Individual
      3. 4.2 Constitutions and Individual Liberties
      4. 4.3 The Right to Privacy, Self-Determination, and the Freedom of Ideas
      5. 4.4 Freedom of Movement
      6. 4.5 The Rights of the Accused
      7. 4.6 The Right to a Healthy Environment
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 5 Political Participation and Public Opinion
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 What Is Political Participation?
      3. 5.2 What Limits Voter Participation in the United States?
      4. 5.3 How Do Individuals Participate Other Than Voting?
      5. 5.4 What Is Public Opinion and Where Does It Come From?
      6. 5.5 How Do We Measure Public Opinion?
      7. 5.6 Why Is Public Opinion Important?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  4. Groups
    1. 6 The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Political Socialization: The Ways People Become Political
      3. 6.2 Political Culture: How People Express Their Political Identity
      4. 6.3 Collective Dilemmas: Making Group Decisions
      5. 6.4 Collective Action Problems: The Problem of Incentives
      6. 6.5 Resolving Collective Action Problems
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    2. 7 Civil Rights
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Civil Rights and Constitutionalism
      3. 7.2 Political Culture and Majority-Minority Relations
      4. 7.3 Civil Rights Abuses
      5. 7.4 Civil Rights Movements
      6. 7.5 How Do Governments Bring About Civil Rights Change?
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    3. 8 Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Elections
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 What Is an Interest Group?
      3. 8.2 What Are the Pros and Cons of Interest Groups?
      4. 8.3 Political Parties
      5. 8.4 What Are the Limits of Parties?
      6. 8.5 What Are Elections and Who Participates?
      7. 8.6 How Do People Participate in Elections?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  5. Institutions
    1. 9 Legislatures
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 What Do Legislatures Do?
      3. 9.2 What Is the Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems?
      4. 9.3 What Is the Difference between Unicameral and Bicameral Systems?
      5. 9.4 The Decline of Legislative Influence
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 10 Executives, Cabinets, and Bureaucracies
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Democracies: Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Regimes
      3. 10.2 The Executive in Presidential Regimes
      4. 10.3 The Executive in Parliamentary Regimes
      5. 10.4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes
      6. 10.5 Semi-Presidential Regimes
      7. 10.6 How Do Cabinets Function in Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes?
      8. 10.7 What Are the Purpose and Function of Bureaucracies?
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 11 Courts and Law
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 What Is the Judiciary?
      3. 11.2 How Does the Judiciary Take Action?
      4. 11.3 Types of Legal Systems around the World
      5. 11.4 Criminal versus Civil Laws
      6. 11.5 Due Process and Judicial Fairness
      7. 11.6 Judicial Review versus Executive Sovereignty
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 12 The Media
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 The Media as a Political Institution: Why Does It Matter?
      3. 12.2 Types of Media and the Changing Media Landscape
      4. 12.3 How Do Media and Elections Interact?
      5. 12.4 The Internet and Social Media
      6. 12.5 Declining Global Trust in the Media
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
  6. States and International Relations
    1. 13 Governing Regimes
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Contemporary Government Regimes: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
      3. 13.2 Categorizing Contemporary Regimes
      4. 13.3 Recent Trends: Illiberal Representative Regimes
      5. Summary
      6. Key Terms
      7. Review Questions
      8. Suggested Readings
    2. 14 International Relations
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 What Is Power, and How Do We Measure It?
      3. 14.2 Understanding the Different Types of Actors in the International System
      4. 14.3 Sovereignty and Anarchy
      5. 14.4 Using Levels of Analysis to Understand Conflict
      6. 14.5 The Realist Worldview
      7. 14.6 The Liberal and Social Worldview
      8. 14.7 Critical Worldviews
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 15 International Law and International Organizations
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Problem of Global Governance
      3. 15.2 International Law
      4. 15.3 The United Nations and Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
      5. 15.4 How Do Regional IGOs Contribute to Global Governance?
      6. 15.5 Non-state Actors: Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
      7. 15.6 Non-state Actors beyond NGOs
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 16 International Political Economy
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 The Origins of International Political Economy
      3. 16.2 The Advent of the Liberal Economy
      4. 16.3 The Bretton Woods Institutions
      5. 16.4 The Post–Cold War Period and Modernization Theory
      6. 16.5 From the 1990s to the 2020s: Current Issues in IPE
      7. 16.6 Considering Poverty, Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  7. References
  8. Index
1.
Writing to an elected official is a form of _______________.
  1. social capital
  2. majority opinion
  3. cluster sampling
  4. political participation
2.
Political participation is related to self-government because:
  1. They are both in the Constitution
  2. Without self-government, there can be no meaningful political participation
  3. Self-government and political participation are the same thing
  4. Both are essential for state sovereignty
3.
Voting is an important type of political participation because:
  1. Voting is compulsory in the United States
  2. Everyone votes
  3. Voting and political participation are the same thing
  4. It is the primary way that people express their will
4.
In the US, voter turnout has:
  1. Risen steadily since World War II
  2. Dropped and then risen slowly over time since World War II
  3. Stayed the same since World War II
  4. Risen and fallen sharply many times
5.
True or false: Voting rates are higher in the United States than in most democratic industrialized countries, including Sweden and South Korea.
  1. True
  2. False
6.
Which groups are most likely to vote in a US election?
  1. Whites, the wealthy, and the most educated
  2. Minorities and those with a college education
  3. Women and people who work part time
  4. Everyone votes in equal proportion
7.
Voter ID laws can be a form of _____________.
  1. gerrymandering
  2. selection bias
  3. social desirability bias
  4. voter suppression
8.
Individual-level ways to participate in politics other than voting include:
  1. Donating money, writing to an elected official, and keeping track of the news
  2. Volunteering for a cause, following an elected official on social media, and discussing politics with a friend
  3. Filing tax returns and paying parking tickets
  4. Both A and B
9.
Which of the following cannot be considered a group-level form of political participation?
  1. Being part of a political party
  2. Taking part in a protest
  3. Phoning your elected official
  4. Working for a political campaign
10.
Social capital encourages political participation because:
  1. It reinforces social bonds and networks
  2. It makes people register to vote
  3. It forces people to save more
  4. It prevents voter suppression
11.
Public opinion can be defined as:
  1. The opinion of elected officials
  2. The measurement of your opinion only
  3. The aggregate views of the public that they are willing to express openly
  4. The opinions that people have of one another
12.
Which of these is a type of public opinion?
  1. Majority opinion
  2. Elite opinion
  3. Issue publics
  4. All of the above
13.
Which of the following has not been shown to affect an individual’s political opinion?
  1. Race
  2. Gender
  3. Diet
  4. Political ideology
14.
Which of the following is a method of public opinion polling?
  1. Selection bias
  2. Gerrymandering
  3. Statistical sampling
  4. Cluster sampling
15.
Interviewer bias is when:
  1. Individual characteristics of the interviewer affect a person’s survey response
  2. The interviewer is biased against the respondent
  3. The poll is biased against the respondent
  4. The poll is biased against the interviewer
16.
Social desirability bias is when:
  1. People respond to a survey interviewer in a certain way because of their race
  2. People respond to surveys in a certain way so that they don’t seem biased
  3. Interviewers ask questions in a way so that they don’t seem biased
  4. Interviewers ask questions in different ways depending upon what they know about the respondent
17.
Public opinion is important because:
  1. It lets us understand how people feel, not just the way they vote
  2. It is the only way we can understand the electorate
  3. It is easily manipulated
  4. It is easily measurable
18.
Public opinion enables:
  1. Elected officials to understand what the public wants
  2. The public to express how it feels on certain issues
  3. Elites to influence government
  4. Both A and B
  5. All of the above
19.
Public opinion is important in global politics because:
  1. It is easy to poll people from several countries at once
  2. It allows us to understand how to cooperate globally
  3. It reinforces the status of global powers
  4. Global polling is more cost effective than domestic polling
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