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Delli Carpini, Michael X., and Scott Keeter. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth. The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion, Our Social Skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Patterson, Thomas E. The Vanishing Voter: Public Involvement in an Age of Uncertainty. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Schudson, Michael. The Good Citizen: A History of American Civic Life. New York: Free Press, 1998.

Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.

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