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Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience

Multiple Choice

Introduction to Behavioral NeuroscienceMultiple Choice

18.1 Memory is Classified Based on Time Course and Type of Information Stored

1.
Which type of memory has a timescale of seconds?
  1. Sensory memory
  2. Working memory
  3. Long-term memory
  4. Short-term memory
2 .
Which type of memory has a timescale of hours to a lifetime?
  1. Sensory memory
  2. Working memory
  3. Long-term memory
  4. Short-term memory
3.
Which is the process by which information in working memory is converted into long-term memories?
  1. Consolidation
  2. Recall
  3. Retrieval
  4. Reconsolidation
4 .
Patient H.M. had the anterior two-thirds of his medial temporal lobe removed. As a result, he suffered from _____, or the inability to form new memories.
  1. dementia
  2. Alzheimer’s disease
  3. retrograde amnesia
  4. anterograde amnesia
5.
Patient H.M. displayed intact skill-based knowledge or ________, even though he had no memory of having practiced the skills that had been learned.
  1. episodic memory
  2. declarative memory
  3. procedural memory
  4. explicit memory
6 .
Which structural abnormality is associated with Alzheimer’s disease?
  1. Neurofibrillary tangles
  2. Amyloid beta plaques
  3. Brain shrinking and enlargement of the ventricles
  4. All of the above
7.
Which is thought to causes the memory problems associated with temporal lobe epilepsy?
  1. The seizures themselves
  2. The medications used to treat the seizure
  3. Interictal epileptiform discharges
  4. All of the above

18.2 Implicit Memories: Associative vs. Nonassociative Learning

8 .
Which are the two main types of non-associative learning?
  1. Negative and positive reinforcement learning
  2. Operant and classical conditioning
  3. Habituation and sensitization
  4. Cued fear learning and contextual fear learning
9.
You are performing an operant conditioning experiment with a rodent, and you would like it to increase the frequency of a behavior (lever pressing). To accomplish this, you could:
  1. present a positive stimulus or remove a positive stimulus after a lever press.
  2. present a positive stimulus or remove a negative stimulus after a lever press.
  3. present a negative stimulus or remove a negative stimulus after a lever press.
  4. present a negative stimulus or remove a negative stimulus after a lever press.
10 .
In cued fear conditioning, the animal:
  1. learns to pull a lever when a tone is presented.
  2. learns to ignore a harmless stimulus.
  3. forms an association between a tone and a shock.
  4. Forms an association between the environment and a shock.
11.
In sensitization, the response to a stimulus:
  1. increases.
  2. decreases.
  3. decreases if paired with a neutral stimulus.
  4. increases if paired with a neutral stimulus.
12 .
In the experiment with Pavlov’s dog, the conditioned responses is:
  1. the ringing bell.
  2. the food.
  3. the dog.
  4. salivation.
13.
In the experiment with Pavlov’s dog, the conditioned stimulus is
  1. the ringing bell.
  2. the food.
  3. the dog.
  4. salivation.

18.3 Explicit Memories: Episodic and Semantic Memories

14 .
When a rodent runs along an elevated track, some hippocampal neurons fire in response to the animal being in a particular location. These neurons are referred to as:
  1. place cells.
  2. border cells.
  3. head direction cells.
  4. speed cells.
15.
These types of neurons get their name from the fact that connecting the centers of their firing fields gives a regular pattern.
  1. Place cells
  2. Grid cells
  3. Speed cells
  4. Head direction cells
16 .
Which structure includes the hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex?
  1. Internal capsule
  2. Basal ganglia
  3. Hippocampal formation
  4. Neocortex
17.
Which is an example of an episodic memory?
  1. Playing a rehearsed song perfectly at your piano recital
  2. Being able to recall the capital of your home state
  3. Eventually ignoring a repeated harmless stimulus (noise in the city)
  4. Being able to recall the details of your family vacation last summer
18 .
Which is the best description of the hippocampus?
  1. A three-layered structure in the temporal lobe that encodes episodic and spatial memories
  2. A six-layered structure in the neocortex that stores all learned information
  3. A nucleus in the basal ganglia that encodes procedural skills
  4. A small gland in the hypothalamus that secretes memory-promoting hormones

18.4 Synaptic Mechanisms of Long-Term Memory

19.
According to Donald Hebb:
  1. synapses are likely not involved in information storage.
  2. neurons that fire together, wire together.
  3. synaptic strength does NOT change throughout life.
  4. new synaptic connections are NOT formed throughout life.
20 .
Different regions of the hippocampus are connected through a series of excitatory glutamatergic pathways known as the:
  1. trisynaptic loop.
  2. perforant path.
  3. mossy fiber pathway.
  4. Schaffer collateral pathway.
21.
Repeated high frequency stimulation leads to increased synaptic strength. This increased synaptic strength is caused by:
  1. internalization of AMPA receptors.
  2. degradation of NMDA receptors.
  3. decreased numbers of NMDA receptors at the synapse.
  4. increased numbers of AMPA receptors at the synapse.
22 .
Why is the NMDA receptor considered a molecular coincidence detector?
  1. Its activation only requires postsynaptic depolarization.
  2. Its activation only requires glutamate.
  3. Its activation requires both glutamate and postsynaptic depolarization.
  4. Its activation requires silencing of AMPA receptors.
23.
Unlike long-term potentiation, long-term depression involves:
  1. decreasing the numbers of AMPA receptors at the synapse.
  2. delivery of AMPA receptors to the postsynaptic membrane.
  3. degradation of NMDA receptors.
  4. increased numbers of NMDA receptors at the synapse.
24 .
You are performing an LTP experiment and delivering high frequency stimulation to Schaffer collaterals. Which treatment when applied to the hippocampal slice would NOT interfere with LTP induction at these CA3-CA1 synapses?
  1. Application of NMDA receptor inhibitors
  2. Removal of Mg2+ from the extracellular bath
  3. Application of CaMKII inhibitors
  4. Application of AMPA receptor inhibitors
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