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achlorhydria
condition in which not enough acid is produced in the stomach
acid reflux
condition in which gastric acid moves up the esophagus, causing irritation
andropause
reduction in testosterone production in males
burnout
a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged stress and excessive workload, often associated with work-related responsibilities and caregiving roles
compassion fatigue
the emotional toll experienced by individuals caring for others
crystallized intelligence
the ability to draw and extrapolate from previously learned experiences
end-organ damage
a complication associated with diabetes; caused by damage to vascular organ systems
Erickson’s psychosocial development theory
theory explaining social aspects of human development from infancy through adulthood, including personality development through the life span
esophageal sphincter
the muscular closure between the esophagus and stomach
executive functioning
the ability to develop plans, focus attention, perform from working memory, maintain self-awareness, initiate and execute complicated tasks, control impulses, and manage emotions
fluid intelligence
the ability to reason, transform, or generate new information
inhibitory functioning
the ability to focus on certain information while suppressing attention to less pertinent information
interpersonal violence
intentional use of physical force or power against another person or group that results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in, injury, death, psychological harm, or deprivation
intrusive thoughts
disruptive thought or mental image associated with anxiety triggers that interrupt normal thought processes
Kegan’s constructive developmental theory
theory explaining that individuals change their thought processes over time as their cognitive development progresses
Levinson’s theory of adult development
theory suggesting that adults work through tasks as they progress through developmental stages
medication misuse
any use of medications other than as directed by the prescribing healthcare provider
menopause
for persons assigned female at birth, the cessation of the menstrual cycle for at least twelve months
multigenerational household
home with three or more generations living together in one household
Neugarten’s theory of adult development
the “social clock” theory describes a culturally determined timeline prescribing when individuals should achieve certain milestones and life events, such as marriage, parenthood, career advancement, and retirement
neurogenesis
the brain’s capacity to renew itself through the generation of new connections
neuroplasticity
the brain’s capacity to replenish itself through the strengthening of existing connections
obesity
a disorder in which an individual’s weight is greater than the healthy maximum for their age and height
osteoporosis
a condition characterized by loss of bone density, making bones weak and prone to fracture
osteosarcopenia
muscle and bone tissue decline
panic attack
a combination of physical symptoms in response to anxiety that may include chest pain, sweating, trembling, tachycardia, dizziness, throat tightening, tingling in face or extremities, chills, nausea
panic disorder
anxiety associated with recurrent panic attacks
perimenopause
the stage preceding menopause
physical growth
changes in height and weight
physiological change
a bodily function happening at a cellular level
plaques
fatty deposit that develops on the inside of a blood vessel
prediabetes
a chronic abnormal elevation in blood sugar levels; however, the level is not elevated enough to be considered diabetes
presbycusis
age-related hearing loss
presbyopia
loss of near vision
psychological change
relating to the mind and emotions
psychological health risks
anxiety, depression, and suicide
psychosocial factor
interpersonal interaction, such as a relationship, work communication, and cooperation in living situations
sarcopenia
loss of skeletal muscle mass
substance abuse
excessive or improper use of drugs or alcohol, leading to physical, mental, and social harm(also referred to as substance use or misuse to avoid stigmatization)
systolic blood pressure
the amount of pressure within the blood vessels when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the heart
transformation
a transition in Kegan’s constructive developmental theory in which individuals change their thinking and understanding of the world around them
triglycerides
the most common lipid circulating in the body; derived from food intake
type 2 diabetes mellitus
a disease defined by an impairment in glucose metabolism
Vaillant’s theory of adult development
theory based on educational and physical health measures; proposes that higher education levels directly affect self-care and health monitoring over the adult life stage
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