Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page

Figure 1.1 From its humble origins, nursing has evolved into a professional practice based on theory, standards of practice, and scope of duties. (credit: (left) "historyofnursing4nutt" by Internet Archive Book Images/Flickr, Public Domain; (middle) "09-8132-99" by Navy Medicine/Flickr, Public Domain; and (right) "071204-F-9930C-165.JPG" by U.S. Air Force photo/Tech. Sgt. D. Clare, Public Domain)

Introduction

The evolution of nursing is a dynamic journey that spans centuries, marked by transformative shifts in practice, education, and the professional identity of nurses. These shifts follow the historical progression of nursing and nursing theories, revealing the foundations that have shaped the field. Nursing education programs have likewise undergone significant development, adapting to the evolving healthcare landscape to equip nurses with the knowledge and skills necessary for contemporary practice.

As nursing emerged as a distinct profession, it became characterized by a commitment to compassionate care and a dedication to advancing the health and well-being of individuals and communities. Delving into the history and evolution of nursing theories introduces us to the visionary minds that have contributed to the theoretical frameworks supporting these core commitments. This journey includes an exploration of selected nursing theorists and the application of their theories in the dynamic and multifaceted realm of nursing practice, the application of nursing knowledge, skills, and principles. Together, these elements form a comprehensive picture that illustrates the rich and ever-evolving nature of nursing as a profession.

Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Jul 23, 2026 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.