- access
- the ability to obtain healthcare services when and where they are needed
- Beveridge model
- single-payer national health service
- Bismarck model
- social health insurance model
- cardiologist
- secondary provider who specializes in heart-related conditions
- charity care
- free or discounted healthcare provided to individuals who are uninsured or underinsured
- community hospitals
- all hospitals that are not federal hospitals and offer both short-term and/or specialty care available to the general public
- deductible
- the amount of money a patient must pay annually before their insurance begins to cover the cost of their care
- dermatologist
- secondary provider who specializes in skin-related conditions
- disparities
- differences that negatively impact one group over another
- extrinsic
- factors external to an individual, such as issues that are political, cultural, or systemic
- for-profit
- hospitals and other healthcare organizations that are run as businesses and funded in part by investors who expect to receive a share of the profits from the business in return for the money they invest
- gastroenterologist
- secondary provider who specializes in conditions related to the digestive tract
- health literacy
- the ability of an individual to locate, comprehend, and use health-related material and make healthcare decisions
- healthcare debt
- money owed by patients related to healthcare activities
- healthcare delivery organization
- a single facility or group of facilities that provide medical care for some portion of a population
- independent practice
- a physician’s office, owned and operated by a single physician with a small staff
- integrated delivery system (IDS)
- a network of providers and agencies who collaborate with each other to provide care to individuals in a community
- intrinsic
- factors internal to an individual, such as beliefs and values
- level of care
- amount and complexity of care a patient requires
- medical home
- primary care space that functions as a comprehensive primary care deliverer, coordinates care across the other levels, and ensures quality of care and efficiency for the patient
- multispecialty group practice
- a group practice that includes providers from multiple specialties
- national health insurance
- single-payer national health insurance
- not-for-profit (NFP)
- organizations, such as hospitals and other healthcare groups, that are funded in part by donations and do not have to pay local, state, or federal taxes but are required to provide charity care and serve their communities
- out-of-pocket model
- market-driven health care
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
- a law passed by the U.S. Congress designed to improve access to health insurance and health care for all Americans
- population level
- all individuals in a group; can be defined by shared demographics like geography, culture, or economic group; for example, U.S. citizens, teenagers, or individuals living below the poverty line
- premium
- the fees that individuals pay on a regular basis for their health insurance and that may be taken out of their checks by their employer
- primary care provider (PCP)
- any physician or other provider (such as nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant) who provides broad, basic health care focused on prevention, screening, and mild to moderate health conditions and coordinates care among levels of the healthcare system
- primary health care
- level of care focused on prevention of illness and maintenance of health, includes wellness care, sick care, immunizations, screening, and referral
- private
- an institution that is run and funded by a group other than the government and can be either a for-profit or a not-for-profit institution
- private health institutions
- organizations run and funded by a group other than the government, including both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations, such as doctors’ offices, pharmacies, and same-day surgery centers
- profits
- money remaining after all bills, including staff salaries, loans, and taxes, are paid
- provider shortage
- not having enough providers for a given population
- public
- an institution that is run and largely funded by the government and is for the good of the people it serves
- public health institutions
- healthcare organization run and largely funded by the government for the good of the people they serve; provide direct patient care, set healthcare policy for all affiliated organizations, and are actively involved in caring for health at a population level
- pulmonologist
- secondary provider who specializes in lung-related conditions
- restricted hours
- limited availability of physician offices and healthcare facilities, most commonly Monday through Friday during the day only
- safety-net hospital
- a healthcare facility that is required to provide care for an individual regardless of their ability to pay
- secondary care provider
- physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, mental health professional, or allied health professional with advanced training in a specific organ or system of the body
- secondary health care
- (acute or hospital care) when a patient’s condition requires specialty care or diagnosis
- single-specialty group practice
- a physician practice of two or more physicians in which all providers have the same specialty, such as primary care or urology
- stakeholder
- individual with an interest in the success of an organization, such as an investor in a business or a nurse in a hospital
- state and local government healthcare institutions
- healthcare organizations funded entirely or in part with public money (collected taxes) and charitable donations and controlled by the state/local government in which they are built
- state and local health departments
- critical public health institutions providing a range of services including immunizations, monitoring of communicable diseases, and provision of health education classes
- taxes
- money paid to the local, state, or federal government for property and the purchase of goods
- tertiary care provider
- the specialist of the specialists with advanced training in procedures, diagnostics, and treatments
- tertiary health care
- level of care focused on treatment of critically ill patients, those with rare or complicated diseases or injuries, or patients requiring advanced tools, diagnostics, or procedures
- urologist
- secondary provider who specializes in conditions related to the urinary tract
- vital records
- birth, marriage, divorce, and death certificates