- albumin
- the most abundant protein circulating in the blood, with many functions within the body; used as a marker for protein status
- body image
- perception a person has about their physical body, including any feelings associated with that perception
- body mass index (BMI)
- a value that is calculated from an individual’s height and weight to provide as measurement relative to the standards for ideal body weight
- calorie
- a unit measure of energy
- carbohydrate
- macronutrient used to fuel the immediate energy needs of the body
- cellular respiration
- the breakdown of energy-rich nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) to provide ATP, which fuels cellular functions within the body
- dehydration
- a fluid volume deficit that occurs with inadequate water intake or excessive water loss or both
- dietary reference intake (DRI)
- scientifically developed values for essential nutrients and other food components
- enteral nutrition
- nutrition that is directly administered into the stomach
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
- imaging study used to evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for abnormalities such as ulcers, inflammation, or tumors
- fat
- large, complex molecule made up of fatty acids and glycerol
- food desert
- a geographical area where fresh produce and foodstuffs are either too expensive or unavailable
- food insecurity
- the state of having limited access to adequate food
- ideal body weight (IBW)
- weight at which a person maintains optimal health benefits
- macronutrient
- nutrient consumed in large quantities to meet the body’s energy needs
- malnutrition
- an imbalance between the nutrients consumed and nutrients needed; includes both undernutrition and overnutrition and involves both macronutrients and micronutrients
- metabolism
- the process by which substances are chemically broken down to meet the body’s nutrient and energy needs
- micronutrient
- nutrient found in small quantities within the body but still necessary for physiological functions
- mineral
- essential to physiological processing; some are macronutrients, and some are micronutrients
- modified barium swallow study (MBSS)
- a procedure for viewing the anatomical and swallowing physiology of a bolus of food under video fluoroscopy
- parenteral nutrition (PN)
- nutrition delivered intravenously by a central line
- protein
- macronutrient made up of amino acids
- recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)
- guidelines developed by the U.S. government for consuming the nutrients that make up a healthy diet
- reference daily intake (RDI)
- average daily intake of a population
- vitamin
- essential micronutrient vital to biochemical regulation within the human body