- A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, travels through the body, and then binds to receptors of the target cell to elicit a response.
- A hormone is released from the pituitary gland in response to a stimulus, travels through the body, and then binds to a receptor of a target cell to elicit response.
- A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, travels through the body, and then binds to receptors to stimulate the signaling pathway.
- A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, travels through the body and then binds to the intracellular receptors of target cells to elicit a response.
- Peptide hormones cannot pass through cell membranes.
- Steroid hormones are water insoluble.
- Peptide hormones are water insoluble.
- Steroid hormones cannot pass through cell membranes.
- Lipid-derived hormones have receptors located in the nucleus, and thus utilize intracellular receptors, whereas peptide and amino acid-derived hormones have receptors only on the surface of the cell and thus utilize cell surface receptors.
- Lipid-derived hormones can permeate the plasma membrane and thus utilize intracellular receptors. Peptide and amino acid- derived hormones are lipid insoluble and thus require cell surface receptors.
- Lipid-derived hormones can permeate plasma membranes as they need to remain in circulation for a longer duration, and thus utilize intracellular receptors. Peptide and amino acid-derived hormones are lipid insoluble and need surface receptors.
- Lipid-derived hormones can permeate plasma membranes and thus utilize cell surface receptors. Some peptide and amino acid-derived hormones can cross the membrane but most are lipid insoluble and thus require intracellular receptors.
- Hormone levels increase and the number of target cell receptors increases.
- Hormone levels decrease and the number of target cell receptors increases.
- Hormone levels increase and the number of target cell receptors decreases.
- Hormone levels decrease and the number of target cell receptors decreases.
Examine the illustration provided. Determine what kind of hormone is undergoing binding in this figure and describe the evidence in the figure that supports your answer.
- A lipid-derived hormone is undergoing binding; this is evident because it is fat insoluble and therefore able to bind to receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
- A lipid-derived hormone is undergoing binding; this is evident because it is fat soluble and therefore able to pass through the cell membrane to reach intracellular receptors.
- A polypeptide-derived hormone is undergoing binding; this is evident because it is fat soluble and therefore able to pass through the cell membrane to reach intracellular receptors.
- A polypeptide-derived hormone is undergoing binding; this is evident because it is fat insoluble and therefore binds to receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
Evaluate the process illustrated in the diagram. What kind of hormone is bound to the target cell receptor?
- steroid
- lipid-derived
- estradiol
- amino acid-derived
- Renin cleaves angiotensinogen.
- Renin directly simulates ADH and aldosterone production.
- Renin produces angiotensin II.
- Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
- ADH initiates a series of events that lead to the release of more vasopressin hormone in the kidney, leading to the movement of water out of kidneys.
- ADH initiates a series of events that lead to the temporary insertion of aquaporins in the kidney, through which water moves into the kidneys.
- ADH initiates a series of events leading to the temporary insertion of aquaporins in the kidney, through which water moves out of the kidneys.
- ADH initiates a series of events that leads to the movement of water out of the kidneys through simple diffusion.
- He hopes to build more muscle.
- He wants to improve endurance.
- He hopes to reduce his body fat.
- He wants to decrease his need to urinate.
- Synthetic hormones can produce severe side effects such as insomnia, depression, and prostate enlargement. These side effects are often severe and irreversible.
- Synthetic hormones can produce severe severe side effects such as impaired heart function, testicular atrophy, and depression. These side effects can be cured through surgeries.
- Synthetic hormones can produce severe severe side effects such as impaired heart function, testicular atrophy, and prostate enlargement. These side effects are often severe and irreversible.
- Synthetic hormones can produce severe severe side effects such as insomnia, depression, and prostate enlargement. These side effects can be cured through surgeries.
This figure shows how growth hormone communicates with cells to promote muscle and bone growth. Evaluate the processes illustrated, and summarize them to identify growth hormone’s exact role.
- Growth hormone inhibits growth hormone-inhibiting hormone release.
- Growth hormone stimulates growth hormone-releasing hormone release.
- Growth hormone breaks down glycogen.
- Growth hormone activates insulin-like growth factors.
- Growth hormone is able to break down triglycerides through lipogenesis. When triglycerides are released, most tissues switch to fatty acids as energy sources.
- Growth hormone is able to break down triglycerides through lipolysis. When triglycerides are released, most tissues switch to fatty acids as an energy source.
- Growth hormone is able to break down triglycerides through lipolysis. When triglycerides are released, most tissues switch to glucose as an energy source.
- Growth hormone is able to break down triglycerides through lipogenesis. When triglycerides are released, most tissues switch to glucose as an energy source
- Insulin facilitates decrease of blood sugar levels.
- Oxytocin release stimulates milk release.
- Increased blood calcium levels halt PTH production.
- Increased amounts of T3 and T4 inhibit further production.
- When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate oxytocin release, which stimulates more contractions. This promotes more oxytocin release that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal.
- When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate oxytocin release, which stimulates contractions. This promotes release of progesterone that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal.
- When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate prolactin release, which stimulates more contractions. This promotes release of more prolactin that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal.
- When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate progesterone release, which stimulates contractions. This promotes release of oxytocin that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal.
- Osmoreceptors insert aquaporins in the kidneys.
- Osmoreceptors signal increase sodium reabsorption.
- Osmoreceptors detect when blood electrolyte levels change.
- Osmoreceptors signal increased sodium reabsorption.
- humoral
- hormonal
- neural
- negative
- Without TSH, there would be excessive production of T3 and T4, leading to a high metabolic rate that would cause weight gain and fatigue.
- Without TSH, there would be excessive production of T3 and T4, leading to a low metabolic rate that would cause weight gain and fatigue.
- Without TSH, T3 and T4 cannot be properly produced, leading to a high metabolic rate that would cause weight gain and fatigue.
- Without TSH, T3 and T4 cannot be properly produced, leading to a low metabolic rate that would cause weight gain and fatigue.
- ability to lower blood glucose levels
- fight-or-flight response
- urine production
- body heat regulation