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Key Equations

Equation of state for a closed system f(p,V,T)=0f(p,V,T)=0
Net work for a finite change in volume W=V1V2pdVW=V1V2pdV
Internal energy of a system (average total energy) Eint=i(K¯i+U¯i),Eint=i(K¯i+U¯i),
Internal energy of a monatomic ideal gas Eint=nNA(32kBT)=32nRTEint=nNA(32kBT)=32nRT
First law of thermodynamics ΔEint=QWΔEint=QW
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp=CV+RCp=CV+R
Ratio of molar heat capacities γ=Cp/CVγ=Cp/CV
Condition for an ideal gas in a quasi-static adiabatic process pVγ=constantpVγ=constant
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