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Prealgebra

Chapter 4

PrealgebraChapter 4

Try It

4.1
  1. 3838
  2. 4949
4.2
  1. 3535
  2. 3434
4.9

5 3 = 1 2 3 5 3 = 1 2 3

4.10

13 8 = 1 5 8 13 8 = 1 5 8

4.13

1 2 7 1 2 7

4.14

1 3 4 1 3 4

4.15

11 8 11 8

4.16

11 6 11 6

4.17

1 6 7 . 1 6 7 .

4.18

1 5 9 1 5 9

4.19

3 2 7 3 2 7

4.20

4 4 11 4 4 11

4.21

26 7 26 7

4.22

23 8 23 8

4.23

50 11 50 11

4.24

34 3 34 3

4.25

2

4.26

3

4.27

Correct answers include 610,915,and1220.610,915,and1220.

4.28

Correct answers include 810,1215,and1620.810,1215,and1620.

4.29

18 21 18 21

4.30

30 100 30 100

4.35
  1. >
  2. >
  3. <
  4. <
4.36
  1. >
  2. <
  3. >
  4. <
4.37

2 3 2 3

4.38

3 4 3 4

4.39

3 4 3 4

4.40

2 3 2 3

4.41

9 7 9 7

4.42

9 5 9 5

4.43

23 40 23 40

4.44

5 8 5 8

4.45

x y x y

4.46

a b a b

4.47

3 10 3 10

A rectangle is shown, divided vertically into five equal pieces. Three of the pieces are shaded. A rectangle is shown, divided vertically into five equal pieces. Three of the pieces are shaded. The first three pieces of the rectangle are divided by a horizontal line, creating six equal pieces. Three of the six pieces are darkly shaded.
4.48

5 12 5 12

A rectangle is shown, divided vertically into six equal pieces. Five of the pieces are shaded. A rectangle is shown, divided vertically into six equal pieces. Five of the pieces are shaded. The first five pieces of the rectangle are divided by a horizontal line, creating ten equal pieces. Five of the ten pieces are darkly shaded.
4.49

2 15 2 15

4.50

21 40 21 40

4.51

5 14 5 14

4.52

14 27 14 27

4.53

4 21 4 21

4.54

3 16 3 16

4.55
  1. 9
  2. −33a
4.56
  1. 2424
  2. 44x344x3
4.57
  1. 7575
  2. −8−8
  3. 411411
  4. 114114
4.58
  1. 7373
  2. 1212
  3. 914914
  4. 121121
4.65

9 14 9 14

4.66

10 21 10 21

4.67

21 5 p 21 5 p

4.68

15 8 q 15 8 q

4.69

4 5 4 5

4.70

5 4 5 4

4.71

4 15 4 15

4.72

2 3 2 3

4.73

2

4.74

9 4 9 4

4.75

−15

4.76

85 6 85 6

4.77

5 8 5 8

4.78

7 8 7 8

4.79

2

4.80

5 2 5 2

4.81

9 s 14 9 s 14

4.82

5 y 6 5 y 6

4.83

a b c d a b c d

4.84

p + q r p + q r

4.85

4 5 4 5

4.86

11 14 11 14

4.87

2 7 2 7

4.88

10 3 10 3

4.89

3 4 b 3 4 b

4.90

4 q 4 q

4.91

25 49 . 25 49 .

4.92

1 2 1 2

4.93

3 5 , 3 −5 3 5 , 3 −5

4.94

−2 7 , 2 −7 −2 7 , 2 −7

4.95

10 9 10 9

4.96

1 2 1 2

4.97

−3 4 −3 4

4.98

2 3 2 3

4.99

2 9 2 9

4.100

8 5 8 5

4.103

5 8 5 8

A circle divided into 8 sections, 5 of which are shaded.
4.104

5 6 5 6

A circle divided into 6 sections, 5 of which are shaded.
4.105

5 6 5 6

4.107

x + 3 4 x + 3 4

4.108

y + 5 8 y + 5 8

4.109

1 d 1 d

4.110

3 m 3 m

4.111

9 p 8 9 p 8

4.112

9 q 5 9 q 5

4.113

2 3 2 3

4.114

2 3 2 3

4.115

3838, models may differ.

4.116

1616, models may differ

4.117

3 7 3 7

4.118

1 2 1 2

4.119

x 2 7 x 2 7

4.120

y 13 14 y 13 14

4.121

16 x 16 x

4.122

22 a 22 a

4.123

−1

4.124

2 3 2 3

4.125

60

4.126

15

4.127

96

4.128

224

4.129

9 12 , 10 12 9 12 , 10 12

4.130

35 60 , 44 60 35 60 , 44 60

4.131

52 96 , 51 96 52 96 , 51 96

4.132

72 224 , 189 224 72 224 , 189 224

4.133

7 12 7 12

4.134

7 10 7 10

4.135

5 8 5 8

4.136

1 2 1 2

4.137

79 60 79 60

4.138

103 60 103 60

4.139

1 96 1 96

4.140

75 224 75 224

4.141

37 210 37 210

4.142

25 96 25 96

4.143

3 y + 14 18 3 y + 14 18

4.144

5 x + 14 30 5 x + 14 30

4.145
  1. 11121112
  2. 1818
4.146
  1. 103103
  2. 13121312
4.147
  1. 27a323627a3236
  2. 2a32a3
4.148
  1. 24k+253024k+2530
  2. 24k2524k25
4.149

1 90 1 90

4.150

272

4.152

2 7 2 7

4.153
  1. −1−1
  2. 1212
4.154
  1. 7676
  2. 1414
4.155

3 4 3 4

4.156

23 8 23 8

4.157

1 2 1 2

4.158

2 3 2 3

4.159

5 2 5 2

4.160

3 2 3 2

4.163

423423

The figure shows five circles. The last two are divided into six equal sections. Two sections of the last circle are white.
4.164

312312

The figure shows four circles. The last two are divided into eight equal sections. Four sections of the last circle are white.
4.165

5 6 7 5 6 7

4.166

7 9 11 7 9 11

4.167

16 1 2 16 1 2

4.168

15 1 3 15 1 3

4.169

9 1 3 9 1 3

4.170

6 3 5 6 3 5

4.171

3 4 3 4

4.172

4 5 4 5

4.173

9 5 9 5

4.174

5 3 5 3

4.175

2 3 2 3

4.176

3 4 3 4

4.179

2 2 3 2 2 3

4.180

1 5 7 1 5 7

4.181

2 2 3 2 2 3

4.182

1 5 7 1 5 7

4.183

6 7 12 6 7 12

4.184

12 3 10 12 3 10

4.185

4 7 10 4 7 10

4.186

2 11 12 2 11 12

4.187

41 8 41 8

4.188

757 63 757 63

4.189
  1. no
  2. yes
  3. no
4.190
  1. no
  2. no
  3. yes
4.191

1 2 1 2

4.192

4 15 4 15

4.193

−1

4.194

6 7 6 7

4.195

19 3 19 3

4.196

23 2 23 2

4.197

−125

4.198

−243

4.199

245

4.200

132

4.201

−48

4.202

23

4.203

35

4.204

18

4.205

−91

4.206

−108

4.207

n 7 = −21 ; n = −147 n 7 = −21 ; n = −147

4.208

n 8 = −56 ; n = −448 n 8 = −56 ; n = −448

4.209

q −8 = 72 ; q = −576 q −8 = 72 ; q = −576

4.210

p −9 = 81 ; p = −729 p −9 = 81 ; p = −729

4.211

2 5 f = 16 ; f = 40 2 5 f = 16 ; f = 40

4.212

3 4 f = 21 ; f = 28 3 4 f = 21 ; f = 28

4.213

n 2 3 = 5 12 ; n = 5 18 n 2 3 = 5 12 ; n = 5 18

4.214

c 3 8 = 4 9 ; c = 1 6 c 3 8 = 4 9 ; c = 1 6

4.215

5 8 + x = 1 4 ; x = 3 8 5 8 + x = 1 4 ; x = 3 8

4.216

1 3 4 x = 5 6 ; x = 11 12 1 3 4 x = 5 6 ; x = 11 12

Section 4.1 Exercises

1.
  1. 1414
  2. 3434
  3. 3838
  4. 5959
3.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 2 equal pieces. 1 piece is shaded.
5.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 4 equal pieces. 3 pieces are shaded.
7.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 6 equal pieces. 5 pieces are shaded.
9.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 8 equal pieces. 5 pieces are shaded.
11.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 3 equal pieces. All 3 pieces are shaded.
13.


Two circles are shown. Each is divided into 6 equal pieces. All 6 pieces are shaded in the circle on the left. 1 piece is shaded in the circle on the right.
15.


Two circles are shown. Each is divided into 5 equal pieces. All 5 pieces are shaded in the circle on the left. 2 pieces are shaded in the circle on the right.
17.
  1. 54=11454=114
  2. 74=13474=134
  3. 118=138118=138
19.
  1. 114=234114=234
  2. 198=238198=238
21.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 4 equal pieces. All 4 pieces are shaded.
23.


Two circles are shown. Each is divided into 3 equal pieces. All 3 pieces are shaded in the circle on the left. 2 pieces are shaded in the circle on the right.
25.


Two circles are shown. Each is divided into 8 equal pieces. All 8 pieces are shaded in the circle on the left. 5 pieces are shaded in the circle on the right.
27.


Three circles are shown. Each is divided into 4 equal pieces. All 4 pieces are shaded in the two circles on the left. 1 piece is shaded in the circle on the right.
29.

1 2 3 1 2 3

31.

2 3 5 2 3 5

33.

3 1 9 3 1 9

35.

3 2 15 3 2 15

37.

7 5 7 5

39.

17 6 17 6

41.

19 7 19 7

43.

32 9 32 9

45.

4

47.

9

49.

9

51.

Answers may vary. Correct answers include 26,39,412.26,39,412.

53.

Answers may vary. Correct answers include 1012,1518,2024.1012,1518,2024.

55.

Answers may vary. Correct answers include 1018,1527,2036.1018,1527,2036.

57.


A number line is shown. The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are labeled. Between 0 and 1, 1 third is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 1 and 2, 7 fourths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 2 and 3, 13 fifths is labeled and shown with a red dot.
59.


A number line is shown. The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are labeled. Between 0 and 1, 7 tenths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 1 and 2, 13 eighths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 2 and 3, 5 halves is labeled and shown with a red dot. 3 is labeled and shown with a red dot.
61.


A number line is shown. The numbers negative 4, negative 3, negative 2, negative 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 are labeled. Between negative 3 and negative 2, negative 2 and 1 third is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 2 and 3, 2 and 1 third is labeled and shown with a red dot.
63.


A number line is shown. The numbers negative 4, negative 3, negative 2, negative 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 are labeled. Between negative 3 and negative 2, negative 8 thirds is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between negative 2 and negative 1, negative 1 and 3 fourths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between negative 1 and 0, negative 2 fifths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 0 and 1, 2 fifths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 1 and 2, 1 and 3 fourths is labeled and shown with a red dot. Between 2 and 3, 8 thirds is labeled and shown with a red dot.
65.

<

67.

>

69.

<

71.

<

73.
  1. 8
  2. 4
75.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.2 Exercises

77.

1 3 1 3

79.

3 4 3 4

81.

5 11 5 11

83.

12 7 12 7

85.

10 21 10 21

87.

7 8 7 8

89.

x y x y

91.

x 4 y x 4 y

93.

2 x 2 3 y 2 x 2 3 y

95.

1 3 1 3

97.

5 18 5 18

99.

2 15 2 15

101.

27 40 27 40

103.

1 4 1 4

105.

1 6 1 6

107.

2 9 2 9

109.

21 50 21 50

111.

11 30 11 30

113.

20 11 20 11

115.

9n

117.

7p

119.

−34

121.

3 8 3 8

123.

8 27 8 27

125.

1296 625 1296 625

127.

4 3 4 3

129.

17 5 17 5

131.

8 11 8 11

133.

1 19 1 19

135.

1

137.


A table is shown with four columns and five rows. The first row reads Number, Opposite, Absolute Value, and Reciprocal. The second row reads negative three thirteenths, three thirteenths, three thirteenths, negative thirteen thirds. The third row reads nine fourteenths, negative nine fourteenths, nine fourteenths, and fourteen ninths. The fourth row reads fifteen sevenths, negative fifteen sevenths, fifteen sevenths, and seven fifteenths. The last row reads negative nine, nine, nine, negative one ninth.
139.

4

141.

12

143.

4

145.

16 15 16 15

147.

5 4 5 4

149.

1

151.

18 5 y 18 5 y

153.

25 2 c 25 2 c

155.

3 4 3 4

157.

2 9 2 9

159.

14 r 15 s 14 r 15 s

161.

−12

163.

1 25 1 25

165.

9

167.

8 7 8 7

169.
  • 423=83=223423=83=223
  • Answers will vary.
171.

1 8 yard 1 8 yard

173.

Answers will vary.

175.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.3 Exercises

177.

44 21 44 21

179.

35 8 35 8

181.

16 3 16 3

183.

63 16 63 16

185.

3 2 3 2

187.

4 3 4 3

189.

2

191.

5

193.

7 v 13 7 v 13

195.

a b a b

197.

A 3 B A 3 B

199.

3 2 3 2

201.

15 22 15 22

203.

3 10 3 10

205.

1 6 1 6

207.

3 r 5 s 3 r 5 s

209.

9 2 y 9 2 y

211.

28

213.

1 18 1 18

215.

−4 9 , 4 9 −4 9 , 4 9

217.

13 −6 , −13 6 13 −6 , −13 6

219.

12 7 12 7

221.

5 2 5 2

223.

23 4 23 4

225.

1 3 1 3

227.

4 5 4 5

229.

1 2 1 2

231.

2

233.

5 6 5 6

235.

26 25 26 25

237.

11 6 11 6

239.

5 2 5 2

241.

−10

243.

−2

245.

51 20 51 20

247.

18 7 18 7

249.
  1. 43=113cups43=113cups
  2. 803=2623cups803=2623cups
251.

Answers will vary.

253.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.4 Exercises

255.


A circle is divided into 10 equal pieces. 7 of the pieces are shaded.


710710

257.


A circle is divided into 8 equal pieces. 6 of the pieces are shaded.


3434

259.

7 9 7 9

261.

16 15 16 15

263.

y + 2 3 y + 2 3

265.

14 q 14 q

267.

9 a 7 9 a 7

269.

−4 x 5 −4 x 5

271.

3 4 3 4

273.

7 8 7 8

275.

8 19 8 19

277.

13 12 13 12

279.


A circle is divided into eight sections, three of which are shaded.


1212

281.

1 5 1 5

283.

5 13 5 13

285.

1 6 1 6

287.

8 3 8 3

289.

x 8 19 x 8 19

291.

11 z 8 13 11 z 8 13

293.

14 c 14 c

295.

55 v 55 v

297.

3 d 11 3 d 11

299.

14 s 3 14 s 3

301.

2 7 2 7

303.

3 11 3 11

305.

1 8 1 8

307.

6 s 11 6 s 11

309.

2 9 2 9

311.

49 27 49 27

313.

1 4 cup 1 4 cup

315.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.5 Exercises

317.

20

319.

48

321.

240

323.

245

325.

60

327.

5 20 , 4 20 5 20 , 4 20

329.

14 24 , 15 24 14 24 , 15 24

331.

33 48 , 20 48 33 48 , 20 48

333.

20 60 , 45 60 , 36 60 20 60 , 45 60 , 36 60

335.

9 20 9 20

337.

11 24 11 24

339.

3 8 3 8

341.

2 3 2 3

343.

23 20 23 20

345.

19 24 19 24

347.

1 48 1 48

349.

1 24 1 24

351.

1 12 1 12

353.

7 60 7 60

355.

53 80 53 80

357.

291 245 291 245

359.

1 20 1 20

361.

11 40 11 40

363.

11 6 11 6

365.

7 10 7 10

367.

3 y + 4 6 3 y + 4 6

369.

4 x 5 20 4 x 5 20

371.
  1. 5656
  2. 44
373.
  1. 37403740
  2. 110110
375.
  1. 9a149a14
  2. 9a14249a1424
377.
  1. 43q43q
  2. 1225q451225q45
381.

11 24 11 24

383.

7 18 7 18

385.

2 15 2 15

387.

−33 8 x 88 −33 8 x 88

389.

16 39 16 39

391.

1 81 1 81

393.

32

395.

36 25 36 25

397.

60 7 60 7

399.

15 2 15 2

401.

3 13 3 13

403.

19 30 19 30

405.

−9

407.

91 60 91 60

409.

11 40 11 40

411.

5 6 5 6

413.

1

415.

22 7 22 7

417.
  1. 1212
  2. −1−1
419.
  1. 0 0
  2. 1616
421.
  1. 1313
  2. −1−1
423.
  1. 1616
  2. 2323
425.

4 15 4 15

427.

9 16 9 16

429.

−2

431.

3

433.

She needs 2 3 8 cups She needs 2 3 8 cups

435.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.6 Exercises

437.


Four circles are shown. The first three are shaded. The last circle is divided into 3 equal parts. 2 parts are shaded.


323323

439.


Four circles are shown. The first three are shaded. The last circle is divided into 3 equal parts. 2 parts are shaded.


323323

441.

7 5 9 7 5 9

443.

11

445.

11 1 3 11 1 3

447.

11 1 3 11 1 3

449.


A circle is shown. It is divided into 8 equal pieces. 4 pieces are shaded.


1212

451.

1 1 6 1 1 6

453.

6 2 5 6 2 5

455.

1 7 9 1 7 9

457.

5 6 5 6

459.

7 11 12 7 11 12

461.

16 1 6 16 1 6

463.

5 11 20 5 11 20

465.

−1 11 24 −1 11 24

467.

6 17 18 6 17 18

469.

7 9 7 9

471.

23

473.

8 3 4 8 3 4

475.

4 15 4 15

477.

5 3 5 5 3 5

479.

1 16 1 16

481.

13 1 13 13 1 13

483.

7 1 30 7 1 30

485.

10 27 10 27

487.

2 7 45 2 7 45

489.

17 24 17 24

491.

7 12 yards 7 12 yards

493.

13 1 4 inches 13 1 4 inches

495.

Answers will vary.

497.

Answers will vary.

Section 4.7 Exercises

499.
  1. no
  2. yes
  3. no
501.
  1. no
  2. yes
  3. no
503.

m = 1 2 m = 1 2

505.

h = 2 3 h = 2 3

507.

c = −1

509.

z = −1

511.

p = 37 40 p = 37 40

513.

k = 7 15 k = 7 15

515.

k = 18 7 k = 18 7

517.

v = 11 3 v = 11 3

519.

b = −27

521.

x = −256

523.

q = 160

525.

s = 45

527.

y = −42

529.

k = 17 20 k = 17 20

531.

p = 100

533.

m = −16

535.

b = −21

537.

v = 36

539.

y = 0

541.

g = 1 9 g = 1 9

543.

q = 3 4 q = 3 4

545.

n = 14 5 n = 14 5

547.

y = 25 24 y = 25 24

549.

d = 8 15 d = 8 15

551.

n 6 = −24 ; n = −144 n 6 = −24 ; n = −144

553.

m −7 = −8 ; m = 56 m −7 = −8 ; m = 56

555.

f −4 = −20 ; f = 80 f −4 = −20 ; f = 80

557.

g 9 = 14 ; g = 126 g 9 = 14 ; g = 126

559.

2 5 q = 20 ; q = 50 2 5 q = 20 ; q = 50

561.

4 9 p = −28 ; p = −63 4 9 p = −28 ; p = −63

563.

h 2 = 43 h 2 = 43

565.

a 2 3 = 3 4 a 2 3 = 3 4

567.

3 4 + x = 1 8 ; x = 5 8 3 4 + x = 1 8 ; x = 5 8

569.

y 1 3 = 1 6 ; y = 1 6 y 1 3 = 1 6 ; y = 1 6

571.

30 inches

573.

Answers will vary.

Review Exercises

575.

5 9 5 9

577.

3 2 3 2

579.

5 8 11 5 8 11

581.

49 5 49 5

583.

Answers may vary.

585.


A number line is shown. Integers from negative 4 to 4 are labeled. Between negative 4 and negative 3, negative 7 halves is labeled and marked with a red dot. Between negative 2 and negative 1, negative 1 and 1 third is labeled and marked with a red dot. Between negative 1 and 0, negative 1 fourth is labeled and marked with a red dot. Between 0 and 1, 1 fourth is labeled and marked with a red dot. Between 1 and 2, 1 and 1 third is labeled and marked with a red dot. Between 3 and 4, 7 halves is labeled and marked with a red dot.
587.

>

589.

3 4 3 4

591.

x y x y

593.

4 7 4 7

595.

24 11 m 24 11 m

597.

6

599.

4 15 4 15

601.

−4

603.

4

605.

4 15 4 15

607.

8

609.

268 11 268 11

611.

8

613.

V h 6 V h 6

615.

2 9 2 9

617.

22

619.

7 36 7 36

621.

5 8 5 8

623.

3 5 3 5

625.

x + 7 10 x + 7 10

627.

1 2 1 2

629.

19 15 19 15

631.

8 15 8 15

633.

15

635.

60

637.

9 24 and 20 24 9 24 and 20 24

639.

20 60 , 15 60 and 48 60 20 60 , 15 60 and 48 60

641.

1 4 1 4

643.

77 90 77 90

645.

3 y 10 30 3 y 10 30

647.

14 d 11 14 d 11

649.

256 225 256 225

651.
  1. 8585
  2. 11201120
653.

13 2 3 13 2 3

655.

8 1 11 8 1 11

657.

5 1 10 5 1 10

659.

10 3 10 3

661.
  1. no
  2. yes
  3. no
663.

n = 5 11 n = 5 11

665.

h = 51 40 h = 51 40

667.

z = −23

669.

q 1 10 = 1 2 ; q = 3 5 q 1 10 = 1 2 ; q = 3 5

671.

3 8 y = 24 ; y = 64 3 8 y = 24 ; y = 64

Practice Test

673.

23 7 23 7

675.

1 4 1 4

677.

1 4 1 4

679.

16u

681.

−2

683.

12 25 12 25

685.

5

687.

5 p 2 q 5 p 2 q

689.

13

691.

7 13 7 13

693.

−1

695.

9 4 x 9 4 x

697.

3

699.

y = 4 5 y = 4 5

701.

f = 13 12 f = 13 12

703.

c = −27

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