- adverse childhood experience (ACE)
- a traumatic incident such as experiencing violence or abuse, witnessing violence at home or in the community, having a family member attempt suicide, or any event or environment that undermines a child’s sense of safety, security, and bonding
- built environment
- includes transportation access and roadways, the availability of green space, locations for community gathering, and the buildings or other physical structures within the neighborhood
- civic participation
- a range of activities that individuals can participate in that benefit the community as well as participant health
- collective efficacy
- a community’s ability to create change and influence behavior through social norms
- cost burdened
- describes households in which more than 30 percent of income is spent on housing
- discrimination
- unfair treatment of individuals and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, sexual orientation, and ability
- economic insecurity
- a situation linked to poverty where an individual or family is unable to consistently afford housing, food, clothing, transportation, child care, or health care
- economic stability
- a situation where the individual has a steady source of income and consistent access to resources essential for a healthy life
- equality
- a situation where each individual is given the same resources or opportunities
- equity
- the distribution of the resources or opportunities each individual needs to reach an equal outcome among individuals
- food deserts
- areas where residents have limited or absent options for affordable and healthy foods
- food insecurity
- a condition in which individuals or families have limited access to adequate amounts of food
- generational poverty
- a persistent lack of a socially acceptable amount of money or possessions and disadvantage where children who grow up poor are more likely to be poor as adults
- health disparities
- preventable differences in health between groups of individuals, usually resulting from social or economic factors, geographic location, and environment
- health equity
- a state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health
- health inequities
- differences in health status or health resources between population groups arising from social conditions
- housing instability
- a situation where individuals and families have difficulty paying rent, live in overcrowded residences, move frequently, or spend a large part of their household income on housing
- living wage
- payment for employment that affords a modest standard of living for the individual and family
- poverty
- a state in which an individual lacks a socially acceptable amount of money or possessions
- social capital
- value gained from having positive interactions and connections between people that enables the community to function effectively and collaboratively in problem-solving efforts
- social cohesion
- the strengths of relationships within a community; an indicator is the amount of social capital, or shared group resources, within a community
- social determinants of health (SDOH)
- the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks
- social justice
- the view that everyone deserves equal rights and opportunities; also refers to overhauling social systems with the goal of sustainable equitable access into the future
- socioeconomic gradient
- the association between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and increased disease risk and premature death
- socioeconomic position (SEP)
- one’s position in society based on social and economic factors of income, education, and employment
- structural discrimination
- deeply rooted institutional policies, systems, laws, and practices that limit opportunities, resources, and power of individuals and populations based on race, ethnicity, gender, ability, SES, and religion