- allostatic load (AL)
- the body’s physiologic “wear and tear” due to an individual’s exposure to stressors that accumulate throughout the lifespan
- eugenics
- the erroneous theory that humans can be improved through selective breeding of populations
- health equity
- a condition in which everyone has a fair opportunity to attain their highest level of health
- internalized racism
- when members of a stigmatized race accept negative messages about their abilities and overall worth with self-devaluation, resignation, and hopelessness
- Jim Crow era
- a period during which laws perpetuating institutional racism and the denial of Black Americans’ constitutional rights were enforced across the southern United States, lasted from 1877 to about 1965
- mass incarceration
- extreme rates of incarceration, particularly affecting large numbers of young Black men, in the U.S. prison system
- occupational segregation
- the practice of separating workers by race into certain industries, resulting in a disproportionate representation of one race in a sector of the workforce
- personally mediated racism
- prejudice and discrimination where individuals or communities make assumptions about other individuals or communities based solely on race
- racial profiling
- assuming or suspecting a person of criminal behavior based on race alone
- racism
- the unfair treatment of individuals based on race
- redlining
- the system of denying borrowers access to mortgage loans based on the location of properties in disadvantaged neighborhoods that were often comprised of minority populations
- residential racial segregation
- the practice of keeping racial communities separate based on where people live
- restrictive racial covenants
- racist restrictions that prevented Black individuals from homeownership through a legal agreement initiated by prior homeowners
- scientific racism
- belief that White Europeans are superior to non-White people
- structural racism
- a process resulting in a gap in access to societal opportunities based on race that results in institutional policies, systems, laws, and practices that limit opportunities, resources, and power
- white flight
- the White American exodus from the cities to the suburbs, leaving BIPOC individuals behind, that occurred during the 1950s