- cognitive-behavioral theories
- theories at the intrapersonal and interpersonal level that share three common concepts: behavior is mediated by cognition, knowledge is necessary for behavior change, and perceptions, motivations, skill, and the social environment influence behavior
- Diffusion of Innovations Theory
- a model for behavior change that addresses how new ideas, products, and social practices spread within an organization, community, or society or from one society to another
- disease prevention
- specific interventions geared toward decreasing the burden of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases and their associated risk factors
- enabling factors
- internal and external conditions that help individuals or populations adopt and maintain healthy or unhealthy behaviors or lifestyle, or embrace or reject particular environmental conditions
- health promotion
- the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
- health promotion setting
- the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities, in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being
- high-risk approach
- an approach to prevention that targets prevention only to those who are identified to be at high risk for disease
- infodemic
- an overabundance of information, including misinformation, that surges during a health emergency
- intersectoral
- involving several sectors of society, such as health, education, housing, any level of government, and nongovernmental organizations
- intrapersonal-level
- individual-level
- natural history of disease
- the progression of a disease process in an individual over time
- Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
- provided a common, socio-ecologic definition of health promotion in 1986
- population approach
- an approach to prevention that implements strategies across an entire population, regardless of individuals' risk levels
- predisposing factor
- intellectual and emotional “givens” that tend to make individuals or populations more or less likely to adopt a healthy or risky behavior or lifestyle or to approve of or accept particular environmental conditions
- preventive care
- routine health care including screenings, check-ups, and counseling to prevent illness, disease, or health-related problems
- primary prevention
- actions aimed at avoiding the effects of disease
- primordial prevention
- actions aimed at preventing the development of risk factors for disease
- reinforcing factors
- the people and community attitudes that support adopting healthy behaviors or fostering healthy environmental conditions
- secondary prevention
- actions that emphasize early disease detection and target healthy-appearing individuals with subclinical forms of disease
- social cognitive theory
- an interpersonal model for behavior change that describes the influence of experiences, actions of others, and environmental factors on the health behaviors of an individual
- social listening
- the process of gathering information about people’s questions and concerns and circulating narratives and misinformation about health from online and offline data sources
- tertiary prevention
- targets both the clinical and outcomes stages of disease; actions are implemented in symptomatic individuals with the aim to reduce the severity of disease and any associated sequelae