Skip to ContentGo to accessibility pageKeyboard shortcuts menu
OpenStax Logo
Physics

Concept Items

PhysicsConcept Items

Concept Items

7.1 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

1.

A circle is a special case of an ellipse. Explain how a circle is different from other ellipses.

  1. The foci of a circle are at the same point and are located at the center of the circle.
  2. The foci of a circle are at the same point and are located at the circumference of the circle.
  3. The foci of a circle are at the same point and are located outside of the circle.
  4. The foci of a circle are at the same point and are located anywhere on the diameter, except on its midpoint.
2.

Comets have very elongated elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. Using Kepler's Law, explain why a comet travels much faster near the sun than it does at the other end of the orbit.

  1. Because the satellite sweeps out equal areas in equal times
  2. Because the satellite sweeps out unequal areas in equal times
  3. Because the satellite is at the other focus of the ellipse
  4. Because the square of the period of the satellite is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun
3.

True or False—A planet-satellite system must be isolated from other massive objects to follow Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.

  1. True
  2. False
4 .
Explain why the string, pins, and pencil method works for drawing an ellipse.
  1. The string, pins, and pencil method works because the length of the two sides of the triangle remains constant as you are drawing the ellipse.
  2. The string, pins, and pencil method works because the area of the triangle remains constant as you are drawing the ellipse.
  3. The string, pins, and pencil method works because the perimeter of the triangle remains constant as you are drawing the ellipse.
  4. The string, pins, and pencil method works because the volume of the triangle remains constant as you are drawing the ellipse.

7.2 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Einstein's Theory of General Relativity

5 .
Describe the postulate on which Einstein based the theory of general relativity and describe an everyday experience that illustrates this postulate.
  1. Gravity and velocity have the same effect and cannot be distinguished from each other. An acceptable illustration of this is any description of the feeling of constant velocity in a situation where no outside frame of reference is considered.
  2. Gravity and velocity have different effects and can be distinguished from each other. An acceptable illustration of this is any description of the feeling of constant velocity in a situation where no outside frame of reference is considered.
  3. Gravity and acceleration have the same effect and cannot be distinguished from each other. An acceptable illustration of this is any description of the feeling of acceleration in a situation where no outside frame of reference is considered.
  4. Gravity and acceleration have different effects and can be distinguished from each other. An acceptable illustration of this is any description of the feeling of acceleration in a situation where no outside frame of reference is considered.
6 .
Titan, with a radius of 2.58 × 10 6 m , is the largest moon of the planet Saturn. If the mass of Titan is 1.35 × 10 23 kg , what is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this moon?
  1. 1.35 m/s 2
  2. 3.49 m/s 2
  3. 3.49 × 10 6 m/s 2
  4. 1.35 × 10 6 m/s 2
7.

Saturn’s moon Titan has an orbital period of 15.9 days. If Saturn has a mass of 5.68×1023 kg, what is the average distance from Titan to the center of Saturn?

  1. 1.22×106 m
  2. 4.26×107 m
  3. 5.25×104 km
  4. 4.26×1010 km
8 .
Explain why doubling the mass of an object doubles its weight, but doubling its distance from the center of Earth reduces its weight fourfold.
  1. The weight is two times the gravitational force between the object and Earth.
  2. The weight is half the gravitational force between the object and Earth.
  3. The weight is equal to the gravitational force between the object and Earth, and the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the distance squared between the object and Earth.
  4. The weight is directly proportional to the square of the gravitational force between the object and Earth.
9 .
Explain why a star on the other side of the Sun might appear to be in a location that is not its true location.
  1. It can be explained by using the concept of atmospheric refraction.
  2. It can be explained by using the concept of the special theory of relativity.
  3. It can be explained by using the concept of the general theory of relativity.
  4. It can be explained by using the concept of light scattering in the atmosphere.
10.

The Cavendish experiment marked a milestone in the study of gravity.
Part A. What important value did the experiment determine?
Part B. Why was this so difficult in terms of the masses used in the apparatus and the strength of the gravitational force?

  1. Part A. The experiment measured the acceleration due to gravity, g. Part B. Gravity is a very weak force but despite this limitation, Cavendish was able to measure the attraction between very massive objects.
  2. Part A. The experiment measured the gravitational constant, G. Part B. Gravity is a very weak force but, despite this limitation, Cavendish was able to measure the attraction between very massive objects.
  3. Part A. The experiment measured the acceleration due to gravity, g. Part B. Gravity is a very weak force but despite this limitation, Cavendish was able to measure the attraction between less massive objects.
  4. Part A. The experiment measured the gravitational constant, G. Part B. Gravity is a very weak force but despite this limitation, Cavendish was able to measure the attraction between less massive objects.
Order a print copy

As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.

Citation/Attribution

This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission.

Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License and you must attribute Texas Education Agency (TEA). The original material is available at: https://www.texasgateway.org/book/tea-physics . Changes were made to the original material, including updates to art, structure, and other content updates.

Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
Citation information

© Jan 19, 2024 Texas Education Agency (TEA). The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.