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Physics

Short Answer

PhysicsShort Answer
Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. 1 What is Physics?
    1. Introduction
    2. 1.1 Physics: Definitions and Applications
    3. 1.2 The Scientific Methods
    4. 1.3 The Language of Physics: Physical Quantities and Units
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  3. 2 Motion in One Dimension
    1. Introduction
    2. 2.1 Relative Motion, Distance, and Displacement
    3. 2.2 Speed and Velocity
    4. 2.3 Position vs. Time Graphs
    5. 2.4 Velocity vs. Time Graphs
    6. Key Terms
    7. Section Summary
    8. Key Equations
    9. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    10. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  4. 3 Acceleration
    1. Introduction
    2. 3.1 Acceleration
    3. 3.2 Representing Acceleration with Equations and Graphs
    4. Key Terms
    5. Section Summary
    6. Key Equations
    7. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    8. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  5. 4 Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion
    1. Introduction
    2. 4.1 Force
    3. 4.2 Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia
    4. 4.3 Newton's Second Law of Motion
    5. 4.4 Newton's Third Law of Motion
    6. Key Terms
    7. Section Summary
    8. Key Equations
    9. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    10. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  6. 5 Motion in Two Dimensions
    1. Introduction
    2. 5.1 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
    3. 5.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
    4. 5.3 Projectile Motion
    5. 5.4 Inclined Planes
    6. 5.5 Simple Harmonic Motion
    7. Key Terms
    8. Section Summary
    9. Key Equations
    10. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    11. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  7. 6 Circular and Rotational Motion
    1. Introduction
    2. 6.1 Angle of Rotation and Angular Velocity
    3. 6.2 Uniform Circular Motion
    4. 6.3 Rotational Motion
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  8. 7 Newton's Law of Gravitation
    1. Introduction
    2. 7.1 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
    3. 7.2 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
    4. Key Terms
    5. Section Summary
    6. Key Equations
    7. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    8. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  9. 8 Momentum
    1. Introduction
    2. 8.1 Linear Momentum, Force, and Impulse
    3. 8.2 Conservation of Momentum
    4. 8.3 Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  10. 9 Work, Energy, and Simple Machines
    1. Introduction
    2. 9.1 Work, Power, and the Work–Energy Theorem
    3. 9.2 Mechanical Energy and Conservation of Energy
    4. 9.3 Simple Machines
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  11. 10 Special Relativity
    1. Introduction
    2. 10.1 Postulates of Special Relativity
    3. 10.2 Consequences of Special Relativity
    4. Key Terms
    5. Section Summary
    6. Key Equations
    7. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    8. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  12. 11 Thermal Energy, Heat, and Work
    1. Introduction
    2. 11.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy
    3. 11.2 Heat, Specific Heat, and Heat Transfer
    4. 11.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  13. 12 Thermodynamics
    1. Introduction
    2. 12.1 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: Thermal Equilibrium
    3. 12.2 First law of Thermodynamics: Thermal Energy and Work
    4. 12.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy
    5. 12.4 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines, Heat Pumps, and Refrigerators
    6. Key Terms
    7. Section Summary
    8. Key Equations
    9. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    10. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  14. 13 Waves and Their Properties
    1. Introduction
    2. 13.1 Types of Waves
    3. 13.2 Wave Properties: Speed, Amplitude, Frequency, and Period
    4. 13.3 Wave Interaction: Superposition and Interference
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  15. 14 Sound
    1. Introduction
    2. 14.1 Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
    3. 14.2 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
    4. 14.3 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
    5. 14.4 Sound Interference and Resonance
    6. Key Terms
    7. Section Summary
    8. Key Equations
    9. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    10. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  16. 15 Light
    1. Introduction
    2. 15.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
    3. 15.2 The Behavior of Electromagnetic Radiation
    4. Key Terms
    5. Section Summary
    6. Key Equations
    7. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    8. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  17. 16 Mirrors and Lenses
    1. Introduction
    2. 16.1 Reflection
    3. 16.2 Refraction
    4. 16.3 Lenses
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  18. 17 Diffraction and Interference
    1. Introduction
    2. 17.1 Understanding Diffraction and Interference
    3. 17.2 Applications of Diffraction, Interference, and Coherence
    4. Key Terms
    5. Section Summary
    6. Key Equations
    7. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    8. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  19. 18 Static Electricity
    1. Introduction
    2. 18.1 Electrical Charges, Conservation of Charge, and Transfer of Charge
    3. 18.2 Coulomb's law
    4. 18.3 Electric Field
    5. 18.4 Electric Potential
    6. 18.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
    7. Key Terms
    8. Section Summary
    9. Key Equations
    10. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    11. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  20. 19 Electrical Circuits
    1. Introduction
    2. 19.1 Ohm's law
    3. 19.2 Series Circuits
    4. 19.3 Parallel Circuits
    5. 19.4 Electric Power
    6. Key Terms
    7. Section Summary
    8. Key Equations
    9. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    10. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  21. 20 Magnetism
    1. Introduction
    2. 20.1 Magnetic Fields, Field Lines, and Force
    3. 20.2 Motors, Generators, and Transformers
    4. 20.3 Electromagnetic Induction
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  22. 21 The Quantum Nature of Light
    1. Introduction
    2. 21.1 Planck and Quantum Nature of Light
    3. 21.2 Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect
    4. 21.3 The Dual Nature of Light
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Key Equations
    8. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Problems
      4. Performance Task
    9. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  23. 22 The Atom
    1. Introduction
    2. 22.1 The Structure of the Atom
    3. 22.2 Nuclear Forces and Radioactivity
    4. 22.3 Half Life and Radiometric Dating
    5. 22.4 Nuclear Fission and Fusion
    6. 22.5 Medical Applications of Radioactivity: Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation
    7. Key Terms
    8. Section Summary
    9. Key Equations
    10. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Performance Task
    11. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  24. 23 Particle Physics
    1. Introduction
    2. 23.1 The Four Fundamental Forces
    3. 23.2 Quarks
    4. 23.3 The Unification of Forces
    5. Key Terms
    6. Section Summary
    7. Chapter Review
      1. Concept Items
      2. Critical Thinking Items
      3. Performance Task
    8. Test Prep
      1. Multiple Choice
      2. Short Answer
      3. Extended Response
  25. A | Reference Tables
  26. Index

Short Answer

13.1 Types of Waves

43.

Give an example of a non-mechanical wave.

  1. A radio wave is an example of a nonmechanical wave.
  2. A sound wave is an example of a nonmechanical wave.
  3. A surface wave is an example of a nonmechanical wave.
  4. A seismic wave is an example of a nonmechanical wave.
44 .
How is sound produced by an electronic speaker?
  1. The cone of a speaker vibrates to create small changes in the temperature of the air.
  2. The cone of a speaker vibrates to create small changes in the pressure of the air.
  3. The cone of a speaker vibrates to create small changes in the volume of the air.
  4. The cone of a speaker vibrates to create small changes in the resistance of the air.
45.

What kind of wave is thunder?

  1. Transverse wave
  2. Pulse wave
  3. R-wave
  4. P-wave
46 .
Are all ocean waves perfectly sinusoidal?
  1. No, all ocean waves are not perfectly sinusoidal.
  2. Yes, all ocean waves are perfectly sinusoidal.
47 .
What are orbital progressive waves?
  1. Waves that force the particles of the medium to follow a linear path from the crest to the trough
  2. Waves that force the particles of the medium to follow a circular path from the crest to the trough
  3. Waves that force the particles of the medium to follow a zigzag path from the crest to the trough
  4. Waves that force the particles of the medium to follow a random path from the crest to the trough
48.

Give an example of orbital progressive waves.

  1. light waves
  2. ocean waves
  3. sound waves
  4. seismic waves

13.2 Wave Properties: Speed, Amplitude, Frequency, and Period

49 .
What is the relation between the amplitude and height of a transverse wave?
  1. The height of a wave is half of its amplitude.
  2. The height of a wave is equal to its amplitude.
  3. The height of a wave is twice its amplitude.
  4. The height of a wave is four times its amplitude.
50.

If the amplitude of a water wave is 0.2 m and its frequency is 2 Hz, how much distance would a bird sitting on the water’s surface move with every wave? How many times will it do this every second?

  1. The bird will go up and down a distance of 0.4 m. It will do this twice per second.
  2. The bird will go up and down a distance of 0.2 m. It will do this twice per second.
  3. The bird will go up and down a distance of 0.4 m. It will do this once per second.
  4. The bird will go up and down a distance of 0.2 m. It will do this once per second.
51 .
What is the relation between the amplitude and the frequency of a wave?
  1. The amplitude and the frequency of a wave are independent of each other.
  2. The amplitude and the frequency of a wave are equal.
  3. The amplitude decreases with an increase in the frequency of a wave.
  4. The amplitude increases with an increase in the frequency of a wave.
52 .
What is the relation between a wave’s energy and its amplitude?
  1. There is no relation between the energy and the amplitude of a wave.
  2. The magnitude of the energy is equal to the magnitude of the amplitude of a wave.
  3. The energy of a wave increases with an increase in the amplitude of the wave.
  4. The energy of a wave decreases with an increase in the amplitude of a wave.
53 .
(credit: modification of work by lineage, StackExchange)

A tuning fork is an instrument that produces a note (sound) with a specific frequency. The image shows a stationary and a vibrating tuning fork.

Make a claim about the nature of sound waves produced by the fork.

  1. They are transverse.
  2. They are longitudinal.
  3. They are both transverse and longitudinal.
  4. They are neither transverse nor longitudinal.
54.

A water wave propagates in a river at 6 m/s. If the river moves in the opposite direction at 3 m/s, what is the effective velocity of the wave?

  1. 3 m/s
  2. 6 m/s
  3. 9 m/s
  4. 18 m/s

13.3 Wave Interaction: Superposition and Interference

55 .
Is this statement true or false? Spherical waves can superimpose.
  1. True
  2. False
56 .
Is this statement true or false? Waves can superimpose if their frequencies are different.
  1. True
  2. False
57.

When does pure destructive interference occur?

  1. When two waves with equal frequencies that are perfectly in phase and propagating along the same line superimpose.
  2. When two waves with unequal frequencies that are perfectly in phase and propagating along the same line superimpose.
  3. When two waves with unequal frequencies that are perfectly out of phase and propagating along the same line superimpose.
  4. When two waves with equal frequencies that are perfectly out of phase and propagating along the same line superimpose.
58.

Is this statement true or false? The amplitude of one wave is affected by the amplitude of another wave only when they are precisely aligned.

  1. True
  2. False
59 .
Why does a standing wave form on a guitar string?
  1. due to superposition with the reflected waves from the ends of the string
  2. due to superposition with the reflected waves from the walls of the room
  3. due to superposition with waves generated from the body of the guitar
60.

Is the following statement true or false? A standing wave is a superposition of two identical waves that are in phase and propagating in the same direction.

  1. True
  2. False
61 .
Why do water waves traveling from the deep end to the shallow end of a swimming pool experience refraction?
  1. Because the pressure of water at the two ends of the pool is same
  2. Because the pressures of water at the two ends of the pool are different
  3. Because the density of water at the two ends of the pool is same
  4. Because the density of water at the two ends of the pool is different
62.

Is the statement true or false? Waves propagate faster in a less dense medium if the stiffness is the same.

  1. True
  2. False
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