Multiple Choice

1. zeroth
2. first
3. second
4. third

Name any two industries in which the principles of thermodynamics are used.

1. aerospace and information technology (IT) industries
2. industrial manufacturing and aerospace
3. mining and textile industries
4. mining and agriculture industries

1. $k=1.23\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{-<!--\; -\; -->38}\text{J/K}$
2. $$k=1.38\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{-<!--\; -\; -->23}\text{J/K}$$
3. $$k=1.38\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{23}\text{J/K}$$
4. $$k=1.23\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{38}\text{J/K}$$

1. A real gas behaves like an ideal gas at high temperature and low pressure.
2. A real gas behaves like an ideal gas at high temperature and high pressure.
3. A real gas behaves like an ideal gas at low temperature and low pressure.
4. A real gas behaves like an ideal gas at low temperature and high pressure.

1. internal energy
2. pressure
3. work
4. heat

1. become disordered
2. become ordered
3. produce heat
4. do work

1. $0.343\text{J/K}$
2. $1.51\text{J/K}$
3. $2.92\text{J/K}$
4. $34.3\text{J/K}$

Why does entropy increase during a spontaneous process?

1. Entropy increases because energy always transfers spontaneously from a dispersed state to a concentrated state.
2. Entropy increases because energy always transfers spontaneously from a concentrated state to a dispersed state.
3. Entropy increases because pressure always increases spontaneously.
4. Entropy increases because temperature of any system always increases spontaneously.

A system consists of ice melting in a glass of water. What happens to the entropy of this system?

1. The entropy of the ice decreases, while the entropy of the water cannot be predicted without more specific information.
2. The entropy of the system remains constant.
3. The entropy of the system decreases.
4. The entropy of the system increases.

1. $W=\frac{Q_{\text{c}}}{Q_{\text{h}}}$
2. $W=Q_{\text{h}}+Q_{\text{c}}$
3. $W=Eff(Q_{\text{c}}-<!--\; -\; -->Q_{\text{h}})$
4. $W=Q_{\text{h}}-<!--\; -\; -->Q_{\text{c}}$

Which of these quantities needs to be zero for efficiency to be 100 percent?

1. ΔU
2. W
3. Q_h
4. Q_c

Which of the following always has the greatest value in a system having 80 percent thermal efficiency?

1. ΔU
2. W
3. Q_h
4. Q_c

In the equation Q = Q_h − Q_c, what does the negative sign indicate?

1. Heat transfer of energy is always negative.
2. Heat transfer can only occur in one direction.
3. Heat is directed into the system from the surroundings outside the system.
4. Heat is directed out of the system.

What is the purpose of a heat pump?

1. A heat pump uses work to transfer energy by heat from a colder environment to a warmer environment.
2. A heat pump uses work to transfer energy by heat from a warmer environment to a colder environment.
3. A heat pump does work by using heat to convey energy from a colder environment to a warmer environment.
4. A heat pump does work by using heat to convey energy from a warmer environment to a colder environment.