Key Equations

Key Equations

11.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion	$$T_{\text{°F}}=\frac{9}{5}{T}_{\text{°C}}+32$$
Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion	$$T_{\text{°C}}=\frac{5}{9}\left(T_{\text{°F}}-32\right)$$
Celsius to Kelvin conversion	$$T_{\text{K}}=T_{\text{°C}}+273.15$$
Kelvin to Celsius conversion	$$T_{\text{°C}}=T_{\text{K}}-273.15$$
Fahrenheit to Kelvin conversion	$$T_{\text{K}}=\frac{5}{9}\left(T_{\text{°F}}-32\right)+273.15$$
Kelvin to Fahrenheit conversion	$$T_{\text{°F}}=\frac{9}{5}\left(T_{\text{K}}-273.15\right)+32$$

11.2 Heat, Specific Heat, and Heat Transfer

heat transfer	$Q=mc\Delta T$
density	$\rho =\frac{m}{V}$

11.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat

heat transfer for melting/freezing phase change	$Q=m{L}_f$
heat transfer for vaporization/condensation phase change	$Q=m{L}_v$