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5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
medication used to treat BPH; works by shrinking the prostate gland
abortifacients
medications that cause complete evacuation of the contents of the uterus
alpha blockers
medication used to treat BPH; works by relaxing the smooth muscle of the prostate and bladder neck
anabolic steroids
a category of medications, analogues to testosterone, used to enhance tissue building and stimulate production of red blood cells
andropause
time of decreased production of testosterone, atrophy of interstitial cells, and lessened sexual activity; comparable to female menopause
antiandrogens
medications that compete with testosterone for androgen-receptor binding sites and work against androgens and testosterone
combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
contraceptive drugs that contain both estrogen and progestin in varying dosages; the three categories are monophasic (contain a fixed ratio of estrogen and progestin), biphasic (contain a fixed dose of estrogen with a varying dose of progestin), and triphasic (contain low doses of both estrogen and progestin with a varying dose of estrogen)
contraceptives
medications and devices that prevent a female from becoming pregnant
delayed puberty
condition when the male sex characteristics do not develop at the expected time in puberty
estradiol
hormone used primarily for relief of menopause symptoms; used for hormone replacement therapy
estrogen
primary hormone released by the ovaries; initiates the development of female genitalia and breast tissue
estrogen receptor modulators (ERMs)
nonhormone drugs that stimulate or block estrogen receptor sites; used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopause
first-day start method
a method of initiating a contraceptive when the client starts the contraceptive on day 1 of the menstrual cycle and continues as directed
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
gonadal hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to GnRH; stimulates development of ovarian follicles and release of mature ovum from mature follicles; prepares the body for and supports pregnancy until delivery
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
a hormone produced in and released by the hypothalamus that acts as the central regulator; responsible for regulating the start of puberty, the onset of the menstrual cycle, the development of sex characteristics, and ovulation
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
the use of hormones postmenopause to decrease symptoms and complications of menopause
hypogonadism
condition in which testes are undeveloped and the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics is delayed or absent
implanted contraceptive devices
devices containing a hormone that are place under the skin of the inner upper arm for the purpose of contraception
intrauterine devices (IUD)
devices containing either a hormone or copper, designed to be placed within the uterus for the purpose of contraception
lactation
the secretion of breast milk by the mammary glands
luteinizing hormone (LH)
gonadal hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to GnRH; stimulates development of ovarian follicles and release of mature ovum from mature follicles; prepares the body for and supports pregnancy until delivery
menarche
initial menstrual cycle of a female
menopause
the cessation of monthly cycles for one year
menstrual cycle
cycle of hormone secretion, follicular and ova development, and preparation and shedding of endometrial lining that occurs monthly in females
osteopenia
the condition in which bone is losing density
osteoporosis
the condition when bone loss is significant and bone has become porous and brittle
oxytocics
medications that stimulate the uterus to contract
perimenopause
the time when a menstrual cycle undergoes changes preparing for the end of the ability to ovulate and to become pregnant
phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors
a group of medications developed to aid in penile erection for the purpose of sexual intercourse
pregnancy
the period of time a fetus grows inside the uterus
progesterone
primary hormone released by the ovaries; performs many of the same functions as estrogen does to promote maturation of sex organs, prepare the body for pregnancy, and maintain a healthy uterine environment for development of the fetus
progestin-only contraceptives
contraceptive drugs that do not have estrogen; they only contain progestin
quick start method
a method of initiating oral contraception drugs where the client takes the first dose of the medication on the day of the visit rather than waiting until after a monthly period begins
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
infections involving internal and external sex organs that are transmitted by sexual intercourse or intimate contact with sex organs; may be viral, bacterial, or fungal
Sunday start method
a method of initiating oral contraceptive drugs where the client takes the first dose of medication on the first Sunday after a menstrual period starts
teratogenic
any substance taken by the birthing parent that can cause serious birth defects in a fetus
tocolytics
medications that delay uterine contractions by relaxing the uterine muscle
trophoblasts
the outer layer of cells of an embryo, which become the placenta
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