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The heart with the main arteries and veins.
Figure 19.1 The heart is the primary organ of the cardiovascular system, controlling circulation and blood flow for the entire body. (attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license)

Heart failure is a complex syndrome that occurs when the heart is no longer able to generate adequate cardiac output. Anything that affects left ventricular filling or pumping can lead to heart failure, and it is often the result of prolonged untreated hypertension or acute myocardial infarction. This chapter will review heart failure and the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for this syndrome.

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© May 15, 2024 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.