John McMurry, Professor Emeritus

Problem 1-1

(a)

1s² 2s² 2p⁴

(b)

1s² 2s² 2p³

(c)

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

Problem 1-2

(a)

2

(b)

2

(c)

6

Problem 1-3

Problem 1-4

Problem 1-5

(a)

CCl₄

(b)

AlH₃

(c)

CH₂Cl₂

(d)

SiF₄

(e)

CH₃NH₂

Problem 1-6

(a)

The Lewis structure and chemical structure of chloroform.

(b)

The Lewis structure and chemical structure of hydrogen sulfide.

(c)

The Lewis structure and chemical structure of methylamine.

(d)

The Lewis structure and chemical structure of methyllithium.

Problem 1-7

C₂H₇ has too many hydrogens for a compound with two carbons.

Problem 1-8

The chemical structure and wedge-dash structure of propane, where all bond angles are near 109 degrees.

Problem 1-9

Problem 1-10

The CH₃ carbon is sp³; the double-bond carbons are sp²; the C $\text{=}$ C−C and C $\text{=}$ C−H bond angles are approximately 120°; other bond angles are near 109°.

The chemical structure of propene featuring the wedge-dash bonds between hydrogen and C3.

Problem 1-11

All carbons are sp², and all bond angles are near 120°.

The chemical structure of 1,3-butadiene.

Problem 1-12

All carbons except CH₃ are sp².

The chemical structure of aspirin featuring two lone pairs on each oxygen atom.

Problem 1-13

The CH₃ carbon is sp³; the triple-bond carbons are sp; the C $\text{≡}$ C−C and H−C $\text{≡}$ C bond angles are approximately 180°.

Problem 1-14

(a)

O has 2 lone pairs and is sp³-hybridized.

(b)

N has 1 lone pair and is sp³-hybridized.

(c)

P has 1 lone pair and is sp³-hybridized.

(d)

S has 2 lone pairs and is sp³-hybridized.

Problem 1-15

(a)

The skeletal structure of adrenaline. Numbers (0 H, 1 H, and 2H) are used to represent the number of hydrogens on each carbon.

(b)

The skeletal structure of estrone. Numbers (0 H, 1 H, 2 H, and 3 H) are used to represent the number of hydrogens on each carbon.

Problem 1-16

(a)

There are numerous possibilities, such as:

Chemical structures of n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane.

(b)

There are numerous possibilities, such as:

(c)

There are numerous possibilities, such as:

Chemical structures of propanal, 2-propen-1-ol, 1-propen-1-ol, methyl vinyl ether, cyclopropanol, propylene oxide, oxetane, acetone, and 1-propen-2-ol.

(d)

There are numerous possibilities, such as:

Chemical structures of 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, and t-butylchloride.

Problem 1-17

The chemical structure of para-aminobenzoic acid.

Chapter 1