Fill in the Blank

Processes in which cellular energy is used to make complex molecules from simpler ones are described as ________.

The loss of an electron from a molecule is called ________.

The part of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ________.

Per turn of the Krebs cycle, one acetyl is oxidized, forming ____ CO₂, ____ ATP, ____ NADH, and ____ FADH₂ molecules.

Most commonly, glycolysis occurs by the ________ pathway.

The final ETS complex used in aerobic respiration that transfers energy-depleted electrons to oxygen to form H₂O is called ________.

The passage of hydrogen ions through ________ down their electrochemical gradient harnesses the energy needed for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation.

The microbe responsible for ethanol fermentation for the purpose of producing alcoholic beverages is ________.

________ results in the production of a mixture of fermentation products, including lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO₂.

Fermenting organisms make ATP through the process of ________.

The process by which two-carbon units are sequentially removed from fatty acids, producing acetyl-CoA, FADH₂, and NADH is called ________.

The NADH and FADH₂ produced during β-oxidation are used to make ________.

________ is a type of medium used to detect the production of an extracellular protease called caseinase.

The enzyme responsible for CO₂ fixation during the Calvin cycle is called ________.

The types of pigment molecules found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are ________ and ________.

The molecule central to the carbon cycle that is exchanged within and between ecosystems, being produced by heterotrophs and used by autotrophs, is ________.

The use of microbes to remove pollutants from a contaminated system is called ________.