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Introduction to Political Science

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Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. Introduction to Political Science
    1. 1 What Is Politics and What Is Political Science?
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Defining Politics: Who Gets What, When, Where, How, and Why?
      3. 1.2 Public Policy, Public Interest, and Power
      4. 1.3 Political Science: The Systematic Study of Politics
      5. 1.4 Normative Political Science
      6. 1.5 Empirical Political Science
      7. 1.6 Individuals, Groups, Institutions, and International Relations
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  3. Individuals
    1. 2 Political Behavior Is Human Behavior
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 What Goals Should We Seek in Politics?
      3. 2.2 Why Do Humans Make the Political Choices That They Do?
      4. 2.3 Human Behavior Is Partially Predictable
      5. 2.4 The Importance of Context for Political Decisions
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 3 Political Ideology
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Classical Origins of Western Political Ideologies
      3. 3.2 The Laws of Nature and the Social Contract
      4. 3.3 The Development of Varieties of Liberalism
      5. 3.4 Nationalism, Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
      6. 3.5 Contemporary Democratic Liberalism
      7. 3.6 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Left
      8. 3.7 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Right
      9. 3.8 Political Ideologies That Reject Political Ideology: Scientific Socialism, Burkeanism, and Religious Extremism
      10. Summary
      11. Key Terms
      12. Review Questions
      13. Suggested Readings
    3. 4 Civil Liberties
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 The Freedom of the Individual
      3. 4.2 Constitutions and Individual Liberties
      4. 4.3 The Right to Privacy, Self-Determination, and the Freedom of Ideas
      5. 4.4 Freedom of Movement
      6. 4.5 The Rights of the Accused
      7. 4.6 The Right to a Healthy Environment
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 5 Political Participation and Public Opinion
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 What Is Political Participation?
      3. 5.2 What Limits Voter Participation in the United States?
      4. 5.3 How Do Individuals Participate Other Than Voting?
      5. 5.4 What Is Public Opinion and Where Does It Come From?
      6. 5.5 How Do We Measure Public Opinion?
      7. 5.6 Why Is Public Opinion Important?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  4. Groups
    1. 6 The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Political Socialization: The Ways People Become Political
      3. 6.2 Political Culture: How People Express Their Political Identity
      4. 6.3 Collective Dilemmas: Making Group Decisions
      5. 6.4 Collective Action Problems: The Problem of Incentives
      6. 6.5 Resolving Collective Action Problems
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    2. 7 Civil Rights
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Civil Rights and Constitutionalism
      3. 7.2 Political Culture and Majority-Minority Relations
      4. 7.3 Civil Rights Abuses
      5. 7.4 Civil Rights Movements
      6. 7.5 How Do Governments Bring About Civil Rights Change?
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    3. 8 Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Elections
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 What Is an Interest Group?
      3. 8.2 What Are the Pros and Cons of Interest Groups?
      4. 8.3 Political Parties
      5. 8.4 What Are the Limits of Parties?
      6. 8.5 What Are Elections and Who Participates?
      7. 8.6 How Do People Participate in Elections?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  5. Institutions
    1. 9 Legislatures
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 What Do Legislatures Do?
      3. 9.2 What Is the Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems?
      4. 9.3 What Is the Difference between Unicameral and Bicameral Systems?
      5. 9.4 The Decline of Legislative Influence
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 10 Executives, Cabinets, and Bureaucracies
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Democracies: Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Regimes
      3. 10.2 The Executive in Presidential Regimes
      4. 10.3 The Executive in Parliamentary Regimes
      5. 10.4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes
      6. 10.5 Semi-Presidential Regimes
      7. 10.6 How Do Cabinets Function in Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes?
      8. 10.7 What Are the Purpose and Function of Bureaucracies?
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 11 Courts and Law
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 What Is the Judiciary?
      3. 11.2 How Does the Judiciary Take Action?
      4. 11.3 Types of Legal Systems around the World
      5. 11.4 Criminal versus Civil Laws
      6. 11.5 Due Process and Judicial Fairness
      7. 11.6 Judicial Review versus Executive Sovereignty
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 12 The Media
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 The Media as a Political Institution: Why Does It Matter?
      3. 12.2 Types of Media and the Changing Media Landscape
      4. 12.3 How Do Media and Elections Interact?
      5. 12.4 The Internet and Social Media
      6. 12.5 Declining Global Trust in the Media
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
  6. States and International Relations
    1. 13 Governing Regimes
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Contemporary Government Regimes: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
      3. 13.2 Categorizing Contemporary Regimes
      4. 13.3 Recent Trends: Illiberal Representative Regimes
      5. Summary
      6. Key Terms
      7. Review Questions
      8. Suggested Readings
    2. 14 International Relations
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 What Is Power, and How Do We Measure It?
      3. 14.2 Understanding the Different Types of Actors in the International System
      4. 14.3 Sovereignty and Anarchy
      5. 14.4 Using Levels of Analysis to Understand Conflict
      6. 14.5 The Realist Worldview
      7. 14.6 The Liberal and Social Worldview
      8. 14.7 Critical Worldviews
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 15 International Law and International Organizations
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Problem of Global Governance
      3. 15.2 International Law
      4. 15.3 The United Nations and Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
      5. 15.4 How Do Regional IGOs Contribute to Global Governance?
      6. 15.5 Non-state Actors: Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
      7. 15.6 Non-state Actors beyond NGOs
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 16 International Political Economy
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 The Origins of International Political Economy
      3. 16.2 The Advent of the Liberal Economy
      4. 16.3 The Bretton Woods Institutions
      5. 16.4 The Post–Cold War Period and Modernization Theory
      6. 16.5 From the 1990s to the 2020s: Current Issues in IPE
      7. 16.6 Considering Poverty, Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  7. References
  8. Index
1.
What is the definition of an interest group?
  1. A group of people who work to get a candidate elected from a certain party
  2. A group of people who work to influence policy and support candidates regardless of party
  3. A group of bipartisan voters
  4. None of the above
2.
Which of the following is not a type of interest group?
  1. Economic groups
  2. Labor groups
  3. Civil rights groups
  4. Demographic groups
3.
What do pluralist theory, transaction theory, and disturbance theory all have in common?
  1. They explain why candidates need interest groups.
  2. They explain why interest groups are no longer important in politics.
  3. They explain how interest groups are formed.
  4. They explain whether and how interest groups hurt politics.
4.
Which of these is an advantage of interest groups?
  1. They argue against substantive policy change.
  2. They allow people with strong opinions on relevant issues to try to affect policy.
  3. They increase the amount of dark money in politics.
  4. None of the above
5.
Which of these is a disadvantage of interest groups?
  1. Interest groups represent multiple viewpoints about how people want government to act.
  2. Interest groups raise money for candidates so that their policies can be implemented.
  3. Interest group activity can lead to a minority rather than a majority being heard in government.
  4. Interest groups play no role in government.
6.
Which of these activities are examples of the ways in which interest groups influence government?
  1. Inside lobbying, outside lobbying, and ballot initiatives
  2. Inside lobbying, outside funding, and electoral reform
  3. Outside lobbying, log-rolling, and vote counting
  4. Outside lobbying, electoral reform, and vote counting
7.
Which of these does not describe a political party?
  1. A group that forms based on a political ideology
  2. A group that forms to make sure as many members of their own party get elected as possible
  3. A group that forms to influence policy outcomes in government
  4. A non-partisan group that forms to educate voters
8.
Which combination of activities do political parties engage in?
  1. Printing ballots, drawing district lines, and recruiting candidates
  2. Fundraising, recruiting candidates, and registering voters
  3. Registering voters, purging registration rolls, and counting ballots
  4. Recruiting candidates, discouraging incumbents from running, and creating polls
9.
Which of these is an example of a current party system?
  1. Multiparty system
  2. Single-party system
  3. Two-party system
  4. All of the above
10.
Which of these trends best illustrates the declining influence of political parties?
  1. The rise of the media
  2. The rise of fundraising demands
  3. The rise of candidate-centered campaigns
  4. The rise of liberal candidates
11.
Which of these is the best example of a current weakness of the US party system?
  1. The inability to mobilize voters’ opinions
  2. The inability to raise enough money
  3. The inability to garner media attention
  4. The inability to differentiate the major parties
12.
Party decline around the world can be seen through:
  1. Economic factors such as deindustrialization
  2. Rise of communication technologies
  3. Decline of class as a factor in political mobilization
  4. All of the above
13.
Which of the following does not describe an election?
  1. A time when people vote for who they want to hold office
  2. A formal decision-making process involving a group of voters
  3. A way in which groups try to achieve formal goals
  4. A tool parties use to guarantee the status quo
14.
Why are elections important for a democracy?
  1. They allow members of society to express opinions and preferences to elected officials.
  2. They allow candidates to raise and spend money to get elected.
  3. They are important for the media to report on.
  4. They distract the public.
15.
What do adverse selection, moral hazard, and voter suppression have in common when it comes to elections?
  1. They show how important elections are to parties.
  2. They explain the weaknesses of ballot initiatives.
  3. They illustrate some problems of elections in general.
  4. They speak to the growing concerns around fundraising in elections.
16.
Which of these groups is most likely to vote in an election?
  1. A group of minorities who have frequent elections
  2. Nonminority males with higher incomes
  3. People who have not yet registered to vote
  4. None of these groups are likely to vote
17.
In the United States, national elections do not involve:
  1. Electoral districts
  2. The Electoral College
  3. Plurality or majority rule
  4. Ranked-choice voting
18.
Around the world, elections:
  1. Look very different from those in the United States
  2. Look exactly like elections in the United States
  3. Are always held on the same day
  4. Are only held in democracies
19.
In the United States, elections are mostly regulated by:
  1. The federal government
  2. Cities and localities
  3. State governments
  4. A nonpartisan, nongovernmental body
20.
Which of the following characterizes elections in Britain?
  1. Snap elections
  2. Brief election periods
  3. Non-fixed election dates
  4. All of the above
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