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Introduction to Political Science

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Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. Introduction to Political Science
    1. 1 What Is Politics and What Is Political Science?
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Defining Politics: Who Gets What, When, Where, How, and Why?
      3. 1.2 Public Policy, Public Interest, and Power
      4. 1.3 Political Science: The Systematic Study of Politics
      5. 1.4 Normative Political Science
      6. 1.5 Empirical Political Science
      7. 1.6 Individuals, Groups, Institutions, and International Relations
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  3. Individuals
    1. 2 Political Behavior Is Human Behavior
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 What Goals Should We Seek in Politics?
      3. 2.2 Why Do Humans Make the Political Choices That They Do?
      4. 2.3 Human Behavior Is Partially Predictable
      5. 2.4 The Importance of Context for Political Decisions
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 3 Political Ideology
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Classical Origins of Western Political Ideologies
      3. 3.2 The Laws of Nature and the Social Contract
      4. 3.3 The Development of Varieties of Liberalism
      5. 3.4 Nationalism, Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
      6. 3.5 Contemporary Democratic Liberalism
      7. 3.6 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Left
      8. 3.7 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Right
      9. 3.8 Political Ideologies That Reject Political Ideology: Scientific Socialism, Burkeanism, and Religious Extremism
      10. Summary
      11. Key Terms
      12. Review Questions
      13. Suggested Readings
    3. 4 Civil Liberties
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 The Freedom of the Individual
      3. 4.2 Constitutions and Individual Liberties
      4. 4.3 The Right to Privacy, Self-Determination, and the Freedom of Ideas
      5. 4.4 Freedom of Movement
      6. 4.5 The Rights of the Accused
      7. 4.6 The Right to a Healthy Environment
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 5 Political Participation and Public Opinion
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 What Is Political Participation?
      3. 5.2 What Limits Voter Participation in the United States?
      4. 5.3 How Do Individuals Participate Other Than Voting?
      5. 5.4 What Is Public Opinion and Where Does It Come From?
      6. 5.5 How Do We Measure Public Opinion?
      7. 5.6 Why Is Public Opinion Important?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  4. Groups
    1. 6 The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Political Socialization: The Ways People Become Political
      3. 6.2 Political Culture: How People Express Their Political Identity
      4. 6.3 Collective Dilemmas: Making Group Decisions
      5. 6.4 Collective Action Problems: The Problem of Incentives
      6. 6.5 Resolving Collective Action Problems
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    2. 7 Civil Rights
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Civil Rights and Constitutionalism
      3. 7.2 Political Culture and Majority-Minority Relations
      4. 7.3 Civil Rights Abuses
      5. 7.4 Civil Rights Movements
      6. 7.5 How Do Governments Bring About Civil Rights Change?
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    3. 8 Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Elections
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 What Is an Interest Group?
      3. 8.2 What Are the Pros and Cons of Interest Groups?
      4. 8.3 Political Parties
      5. 8.4 What Are the Limits of Parties?
      6. 8.5 What Are Elections and Who Participates?
      7. 8.6 How Do People Participate in Elections?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  5. Institutions
    1. 9 Legislatures
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 What Do Legislatures Do?
      3. 9.2 What Is the Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems?
      4. 9.3 What Is the Difference between Unicameral and Bicameral Systems?
      5. 9.4 The Decline of Legislative Influence
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 10 Executives, Cabinets, and Bureaucracies
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Democracies: Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Regimes
      3. 10.2 The Executive in Presidential Regimes
      4. 10.3 The Executive in Parliamentary Regimes
      5. 10.4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes
      6. 10.5 Semi-Presidential Regimes
      7. 10.6 How Do Cabinets Function in Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes?
      8. 10.7 What Are the Purpose and Function of Bureaucracies?
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 11 Courts and Law
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 What Is the Judiciary?
      3. 11.2 How Does the Judiciary Take Action?
      4. 11.3 Types of Legal Systems around the World
      5. 11.4 Criminal versus Civil Laws
      6. 11.5 Due Process and Judicial Fairness
      7. 11.6 Judicial Review versus Executive Sovereignty
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 12 The Media
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 The Media as a Political Institution: Why Does It Matter?
      3. 12.2 Types of Media and the Changing Media Landscape
      4. 12.3 How Do Media and Elections Interact?
      5. 12.4 The Internet and Social Media
      6. 12.5 Declining Global Trust in the Media
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
  6. States and International Relations
    1. 13 Governing Regimes
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Contemporary Government Regimes: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
      3. 13.2 Categorizing Contemporary Regimes
      4. 13.3 Recent Trends: Illiberal Representative Regimes
      5. Summary
      6. Key Terms
      7. Review Questions
      8. Suggested Readings
    2. 14 International Relations
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 What Is Power, and How Do We Measure It?
      3. 14.2 Understanding the Different Types of Actors in the International System
      4. 14.3 Sovereignty and Anarchy
      5. 14.4 Using Levels of Analysis to Understand Conflict
      6. 14.5 The Realist Worldview
      7. 14.6 The Liberal and Social Worldview
      8. 14.7 Critical Worldviews
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 15 International Law and International Organizations
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Problem of Global Governance
      3. 15.2 International Law
      4. 15.3 The United Nations and Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
      5. 15.4 How Do Regional IGOs Contribute to Global Governance?
      6. 15.5 Non-state Actors: Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
      7. 15.6 Non-state Actors beyond NGOs
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 16 International Political Economy
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 The Origins of International Political Economy
      3. 16.2 The Advent of the Liberal Economy
      4. 16.3 The Bretton Woods Institutions
      5. 16.4 The Post–Cold War Period and Modernization Theory
      6. 16.5 From the 1990s to the 2020s: Current Issues in IPE
      7. 16.6 Considering Poverty, Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  7. References
  8. Index
1 .
What is the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?
  1. Civil liberties issues limit everyone, while civil rights issues apply to certain arbitrary groups.
  2. Civil liberties are guarantees of freedom from government interference, while civil rights are government guarantees of equal treatment.
  3. The two terms are interchangeable.
  4. Both A and B are correct.
2 .
What is a community?
  1. A group of people with shared interests and values
  2. A group of people who live in the same place
  3. A group of people who belong in the same place
  4. A formally recognized group of people
3 .
What are community responsibilities?
  1. The government’s responsibility not to interfere with any group
  2. Community members’ responsibility to help each other in times of crisis
  3. An individual’s responsibility to the community in order to remain a member of that community
  4. An individual’s responsibility to form a community
4 .
How are community responsibilities carried out?
  1. Actors, including governments, cooperate with and respect others and participate in the community.
  2. Individuals act as they want and do not consider the impact of their actions on others.
  3. In each nation-state, everyone votes on all rules and restrictions on conduct.
  4. In each nation-state, an elite group decides what rules to create and enforce on everyone else.
5 .
In political science, what are negative rights?
  1. Rights in a constitution that are written to emphasize limitations on government
  2. Rights in a constitution that are expressed in terms of the government’s obligation to guarantee the people’s rights
  3. Rights in a constitution that are written to emphasize the people’s responsibilities to the government
  4. Rights in a constitution that are expressed in terms of how the government may restrict certain liberties to punish individuals
6 .
What is the major characteristic of an individualist system of government with regard to civil liberties?
  1. An emphasis on the importance of individuals over the importance of the community, except with respect to the government
  2. An emphasis on the importance of individuals over the importance of the community, including the government
  3. A nationalist feeling that emphasizes the uniqueness of a country and its people
  4. A system based on clan or tribal allegiances
7 .
What does a communitarian system emphasize with regard to civil liberties?
  1. Community decision-making as a form of government
  2. The good of the community as defined by the government
  3. The importance of individual desires over the good of the community
  4. The importance of civil liberties over civil rights
8 .
What is constitutionalism?
  1. A system that balances the freedom of the individual with limited government under the rule of law
  2. A system in which the constitution is considered sacrosanct and cannot be amended or interpreted
  3. A system in which the government cannot limit the freedom of the individual to challenge the constitution
  4. A system that prioritizes the survival of the fittest
9 .
What is due process?
  1. A legal requirement that the government respect the rights of the people
  2. A standard that gives precedence to government power over individual rights
  3. A standard that subjugates government power to individual rights
  4. A legal requirement that a rule-by-law government cannot violate the law
10 .
__________ is considered the most fundamental civil liberty.
  1. The right to marry
  2. The right to vote
  3. The right to privacy
  4. The right to free exercise of religion
11 .
Governments that protect the free expression of ideas __________.
  1. cannot restrict any expression
  2. have never protected certain types of expression
  3. can restrict expression by groups but not individuals
  4. can restrict every expression
12 .
A hypothetical government protects the free expression of ideas but restricts the expression of ideas deemed harmful to the community. This is an example of __________.
  1. due process
  2. the rights of the accused
  3. authoritarianism
  4. the paradox of tolerance
13 .
Some countries have laws that restrict access to private property, including natural areas such as beaches. These laws place limits on which civil liberty?
  1. Freedom of movement
  2. Freedom of expression
  3. Due process
  4. Right to privacy
14 .
Passport requirements and immigration controls have been used to target certain racial and ethnic groups. This is an example of __________.
  1. both a civil liberties issue and a civil rights issue
  2. the paradox of tolerance
  3. constitutionalism
  4. negative rights
15 .
The right to remain silent and the right to legal counsel are common examples of __________.
  1. the paradox of tolerance
  2. the Bill of Rights
  3. the rights of the accused
  4. privacy rights
16 .
Much of the litigation surrounding issues of search and seizure concerns __________.
  1. the value of seized goods
  2. the degree to which the search and seizure is reasonable
  3. privacy rights
  4. the right to legal counsel
17 .
The writ of habeas corpus is __________.
  1. recognized throughout the world
  2. freedom from warrantless search
  3. a prisoner’s right to be informed of why they are being held
  4. the right of the accused to be warned that anything they say may be used against them in court
18 .
Worsening climate change has contributed to __________.
  1. increased individualism
  2. religious persecution
  3. tightening restrictions on freedom of expression
  4. global refugee crises
19 .
Climate change threatens __________.
  1. the rights of the accused
  2. freedom of movement
  3. freedom of expression
  4. the rule of law
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