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Introduction to Political Science

Review Questions

Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. Introduction to Political Science
    1. 1 What Is Politics and What Is Political Science?
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Defining Politics: Who Gets What, When, Where, How, and Why?
      3. 1.2 Public Policy, Public Interest, and Power
      4. 1.3 Political Science: The Systematic Study of Politics
      5. 1.4 Normative Political Science
      6. 1.5 Empirical Political Science
      7. 1.6 Individuals, Groups, Institutions, and International Relations
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  3. Individuals
    1. 2 Political Behavior Is Human Behavior
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 What Goals Should We Seek in Politics?
      3. 2.2 Why Do Humans Make the Political Choices That They Do?
      4. 2.3 Human Behavior Is Partially Predictable
      5. 2.4 The Importance of Context for Political Decisions
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 3 Political Ideology
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Classical Origins of Western Political Ideologies
      3. 3.2 The Laws of Nature and the Social Contract
      4. 3.3 The Development of Varieties of Liberalism
      5. 3.4 Nationalism, Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
      6. 3.5 Contemporary Democratic Liberalism
      7. 3.6 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Left
      8. 3.7 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Right
      9. 3.8 Political Ideologies That Reject Political Ideology: Scientific Socialism, Burkeanism, and Religious Extremism
      10. Summary
      11. Key Terms
      12. Review Questions
      13. Suggested Readings
    3. 4 Civil Liberties
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 The Freedom of the Individual
      3. 4.2 Constitutions and Individual Liberties
      4. 4.3 The Right to Privacy, Self-Determination, and the Freedom of Ideas
      5. 4.4 Freedom of Movement
      6. 4.5 The Rights of the Accused
      7. 4.6 The Right to a Healthy Environment
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 5 Political Participation and Public Opinion
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 What Is Political Participation?
      3. 5.2 What Limits Voter Participation in the United States?
      4. 5.3 How Do Individuals Participate Other Than Voting?
      5. 5.4 What Is Public Opinion and Where Does It Come From?
      6. 5.5 How Do We Measure Public Opinion?
      7. 5.6 Why Is Public Opinion Important?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  4. Groups
    1. 6 The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Political Socialization: The Ways People Become Political
      3. 6.2 Political Culture: How People Express Their Political Identity
      4. 6.3 Collective Dilemmas: Making Group Decisions
      5. 6.4 Collective Action Problems: The Problem of Incentives
      6. 6.5 Resolving Collective Action Problems
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    2. 7 Civil Rights
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Civil Rights and Constitutionalism
      3. 7.2 Political Culture and Majority-Minority Relations
      4. 7.3 Civil Rights Abuses
      5. 7.4 Civil Rights Movements
      6. 7.5 How Do Governments Bring About Civil Rights Change?
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    3. 8 Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Elections
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 What Is an Interest Group?
      3. 8.2 What Are the Pros and Cons of Interest Groups?
      4. 8.3 Political Parties
      5. 8.4 What Are the Limits of Parties?
      6. 8.5 What Are Elections and Who Participates?
      7. 8.6 How Do People Participate in Elections?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  5. Institutions
    1. 9 Legislatures
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 What Do Legislatures Do?
      3. 9.2 What Is the Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems?
      4. 9.3 What Is the Difference between Unicameral and Bicameral Systems?
      5. 9.4 The Decline of Legislative Influence
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 10 Executives, Cabinets, and Bureaucracies
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Democracies: Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Regimes
      3. 10.2 The Executive in Presidential Regimes
      4. 10.3 The Executive in Parliamentary Regimes
      5. 10.4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes
      6. 10.5 Semi-Presidential Regimes
      7. 10.6 How Do Cabinets Function in Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes?
      8. 10.7 What Are the Purpose and Function of Bureaucracies?
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 11 Courts and Law
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 What Is the Judiciary?
      3. 11.2 How Does the Judiciary Take Action?
      4. 11.3 Types of Legal Systems around the World
      5. 11.4 Criminal versus Civil Laws
      6. 11.5 Due Process and Judicial Fairness
      7. 11.6 Judicial Review versus Executive Sovereignty
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 12 The Media
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 The Media as a Political Institution: Why Does It Matter?
      3. 12.2 Types of Media and the Changing Media Landscape
      4. 12.3 How Do Media and Elections Interact?
      5. 12.4 The Internet and Social Media
      6. 12.5 Declining Global Trust in the Media
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
  6. States and International Relations
    1. 13 Governing Regimes
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Contemporary Government Regimes: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
      3. 13.2 Categorizing Contemporary Regimes
      4. 13.3 Recent Trends: Illiberal Representative Regimes
      5. Summary
      6. Key Terms
      7. Review Questions
      8. Suggested Readings
    2. 14 International Relations
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 What Is Power, and How Do We Measure It?
      3. 14.2 Understanding the Different Types of Actors in the International System
      4. 14.3 Sovereignty and Anarchy
      5. 14.4 Using Levels of Analysis to Understand Conflict
      6. 14.5 The Realist Worldview
      7. 14.6 The Liberal and Social Worldview
      8. 14.7 Critical Worldviews
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 15 International Law and International Organizations
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Problem of Global Governance
      3. 15.2 International Law
      4. 15.3 The United Nations and Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
      5. 15.4 How Do Regional IGOs Contribute to Global Governance?
      6. 15.5 Non-state Actors: Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
      7. 15.6 Non-state Actors beyond NGOs
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 16 International Political Economy
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 The Origins of International Political Economy
      3. 16.2 The Advent of the Liberal Economy
      4. 16.3 The Bretton Woods Institutions
      5. 16.4 The Post–Cold War Period and Modernization Theory
      6. 16.5 From the 1990s to the 2020s: Current Issues in IPE
      7. 16.6 Considering Poverty, Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  7. References
  8. Index
1 .
What is global governance?
  1. The world government run by the United Nations
  2. The process by which sovereign states accrue rights and duties in the international community
  3. The process by which more powerful states control the actions of weaker states
  4. The ability of the United States to convince other states to act in accordance with its policies
2 .
How does the tragedy of the commons impede the attainment of collective goods?
  1. Individual states have incentives to provide for their own short-term interests over long-term community interests.
  2. When common goods are concentrated in one area, states without ready access to that area may be unable to attain the goods before those goods spoil.
  3. States with similar interests tend to form alliances to prevent other states from attaining collective goods.
  4. The tragedy of the commons means that common markets are doomed to fail.
3 .
Which of these international issues is not an example of the tragedy of the commons?
  1. Overfishing
  2. China’s rise to global power
  3. Air pollution
  4. The need for farmland to feed a growing world population
4 .
What feature of the international system best explains the need for global governance?
  1. The great power system
  2. The system of checks and balances
  3. The anarchic nature of the international system
  4. The role of capitalism and international trade
5 .
Which non-state actors play a role in the formation of rules and norms of behavior in the international system?
  1. Intergovernmental organizations
  2. International law
  3. Nongovernmental organizations
  4. All of the above
6 .
What is international law?
  1. The laws established by the world government
  2. The law that determines punishments for sovereign states
  3. A set of formal and informal rules that loosely govern the international system
  4. Domestic laws that relate to international relations
7 .
Which of the following is not a source of international law?
  1. Treaties
  2. International agreements
  3. Customary law
  4. Multinational corporations
8 .
International law rests on the principle of ________.
  1. state sovereignty
  2. responsibility to protect
  3. tragedy of the commons
  4. American exceptionality
9 .
What types of cases come before the International Court of Justice?
  1. Cases involving disputes between countries
  2. Cases involving perpetrators of human rights abuses
  3. Cases involving private citizens
  4. None of these
10 .
The Geneva Conventions are concerned with ________.
  1. climate change protocols
  2. protecting civilians and prisoners of war during military conflicts
  3. establishing transnational relationships between the EU and other regions of the world
  4. nuclear proliferation
11 .
What is an IGO?
  1. An informal group of sovereign states
  2. A union of states that agree to sacrifice their individual interests for the good of the most powerful
  3. A formal organization where states are members
  4. A militant religious organization
12 .
When and why was the United Nations created?
  1. After World War I, to punish Germany
  2. After World War II, to promote international peace
  3. During the Cold War, to deter the Soviet Union
  4. In the 1980s, to prevent nuclear war
13 .
Which of the following is not one of the primary organs of the United Nations?
  1. Security Council
  2. General Assembly
  3. Secretariat
  4. World Congress
14 .
United Nations peacekeepers ________.
  1. must be authorized by the ICC
  2. must be invited in by warring parties
  3. may be deployed to conflict zones for a maximum of two years
  4. support independence movements throughout the world
15 .
Which of the following is a source of power for the United Nations?
  1. The expense of UN operations
  2. Its standing military
  3. The scope of its activities
  4. Its dependence on wealthy countries
16 .
Which of the following is not a regional IGO?
  1. European Union (EU)
  2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  3. International Court of Justice (ICJ)
  4. African Union (AU)
17 .
The original purpose of NATO was to ____________.
  1. protect Europe from the Soviet Union
  2. counter terrorist threats
  3. promote trade between member states
  4. fight against Germany in World War II
18 .
How does the mission of the European Union today differ from its original purpose?
  1. It has evolved to focus on trade policy.
  2. It has evolved to focus on Eastern Europe.
  3. It has evolved to coordinate state policies in a wide variety of areas.
  4. It has evolved to focus on military security.
19 .
Which of the following accurately describes regional IGOs?
  1. Costs are evenly divided.
  2. Benefits are evenly distributed.
  3. Member countries may have different policy priorities.
  4. Regional IGOs rarely have an economic focus.
20 .
Regional IGOs ________.
  1. hamper regional trade
  2. provide a forum for states to address common problems
  3. prevent armed conflict
  4. act in isolation
21 .
NGOs ________.
  1. are made up of government actors
  2. are typically issue oriented
  3. have large budgets and worldwide reach
  4. act outside the international system
22 .
Which of the following are NGOs?
  1. Red Cross and Amnesty International
  2. World Health Organization and World Bank
  3. International Criminal Court and African Union
  4. All of the above
23 .
How do NGOs influence global governance?
  1. They draw international attention to pressing issues.
  2. They participate in treaty making.
  3. They help deliver aid.
  4. All of the above are correct.
24 .
Which of the following is an example of a non-state actor in international politics?
  1. Multinational corporations
  2. World Bank
  3. European Union
  4. World Health Organization
25 .
__________ has contributed to the increased presence and visibility of non-state actors.
  1. The decline of IGOs
  2. Increasing levels of state sovereignty
  3. Globalization
  4. The COVID-19 pandemic
26 .
Which of these is not a source of power for non-state actors?
  1. They can attract members from many different states.
  2. They often have access to large amounts of money.
  3. They may operate in places without strong regulations or police.
  4. They are formally recognized by powerful IGOs.
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