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Introduction to Philosophy

Review Questions

Introduction to PhilosophyReview Questions

10.1 The Challenge of Bioethics

1 .
Define applied ethics.
2 .
Why does bioethics often require a multidisciplinary approach?
3 .
Historically, what have philosophers like Aristotle and Kant identified as the principal factor that justifies the moral status of human beings?
4 .
What are the five characteristics Mary Anne Warren identifies as essential to the concept of personhood?
5 .
What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?
6 .
What is the most common view in the United States on the morality of euthanasia?
7 .
What is the principle of clinical equipoise?
8 .
What are the four main ethical principles that can be used to guide our thinking whenever faced with ethical issues in physician and patient or researcher and participant relationships?

10.2 Environmental Ethics

9 .
Historically, Western thinking has been dominated by the anthropocentric perspective. What does Lynn White attribute this to?
10 .
Why does William Baxter adopt an anthropocentric environmental ethic?
11 .
What are some of the main beliefs held by deep ecologists?
12 .
For social ecologists, what is the root cause of most of our environmental problems?

10.3 Business Ethics and Emerging Technology

13 .
In Milton Friedman’s view, what is the moral responsibility of businesses?
14 .
What are shareholders?
15 .
What are stakeholders?
16 .
How does Norman Bowie characterize meaningful work?
17 .
What are some reasons cited by philosophers to support the morality of affirmative action?
18 .
What is the difference between strong AI and weak AI?
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