Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page

References

3.1 General Neurochemistry Principles

Brady, S.T., Siegel, G.J., Albers, R.W., & Price, D.L. (2011). Basic neurochemistry: Molecular, cellular and medical aspects (8th Ed.). Academic Press.

Coleman, W. (2023). Handbook of neurochemistry. American Medical Publishers.

Wenk, G.L. (2017). The brain: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.

3.2 Neurotransmitters Made from Amino Acids

Andrews, P.W., Bosyj, C., Brenton, L., Green, L., Gasser, P.J., Lowry, C.A., & Pickel, V.M. (2022). All the brain's a stage for serotonin: The forgotten story of serotonin diffusion across cell membranes. Proceedings of the Royal Society. Biological Sciences, 289(1986), 20221565. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.1565.

Berger, M., Gray, J.A., & Roth, B.L. (2009). The expanded biology of serotonin. Annual Review of Medicine, 60(1), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.60.042307.110802

Der-Avakian, A., & Markou, A. (2012). The neurobiology of anhedonia and other reward-related deficits. Trends in Neuroscience, 35(1), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.005.

Dong, B., Yue, Y., Dong, H., & Wang, Y. (2023). N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction as a potential contributor to the progression and manifestation of many neurological disorders. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 16, 1174738. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2023.1174738.

Fernstrom, J.D. (2013). Large neutral amino acids: Dietary effects on brain neurochemistry and function. Amino Acids, 45(3), 419–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1330-y

Kandel, E., Koester, J.D., Mack, S.H., & Siegelbaum, S. (2021). Principles of neural science (6th ed.) McGraw Hill / Medical.

Kikuchi, A.M., Tanabe, A., & Iwahori, Y. (2021). A systematic review of the effect of L-tryptophan supplementation on mood and emotional functioning. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 18(3), 316–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2020.1746725.

Linden, D. (2007). The accidental mind: How brain evolution has given us love, memory, dreams, and god. Harvard University Press.

Olivier, B., Pattij, T., Wood, S.J., Oosting, R., Sarnyai, Z., & Toth, M. (2001). The 5-HT(1A) receptor knockout mouse and anxiety. Behavioural Pharmacology, 12(6), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008877-200111000-00004.

Tanner, C.M., Kamel, F., Ross, G.W., Hoppin, J.A., Goldman, S.M., Korell, M., Marras, C., Bhudhikanok, G.S., Kasten, M., Chade, A.R., Comyns, K., Richards, M.B., Meng, C., Priestly, B., Fernandez, H.H., Cambi, F., Umbach, D.M., Blair, A., Sandler, D.P., & Langston, J.W. (2011). Rotenone, paraquat and Parkinson’s disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(6), 866-872. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002839.

Wenk, G.L. (2017). The brain: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.

Young, S.N., & Gauthier, S. (1981). Effect of tryptophan administration on tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and indoleacetic acid in human lumbar and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 44(4), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.44.4.323

Zhang, H., Gross, J., De Dreu, C., & Ma, Y. (2019). Oxytocin promotes coordinated out-group attack during intergroup conflict in humans. Elife, 8, e40698. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40698.

3.3 Neurotransmitters Made from Fats

Lu, H.C., & Mackie, K. (2016). An introduction to the endogenous cannabinoid system. Biological Psychiatry, 79(7), 516-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028.

Maguire, J.L., & Mennerick, S. (2024). Neurosteroids: Mechanistic considerations and clinical prospects. Neuropsychopharmacology, 49, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01626-z

Nestler, E., Hyman, S.H., & Malenka, R. (2020). Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Picciotto, M.R., Higley, M.J., & Mineur, Y.S. (2012). Acetylcholine as a neuromodulator: cholinergic signaling shapes nervous system function and behavior. Neuron, 76(1), 116-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.036

Regulska, M., Szuster-Głuszczak, M., Trojan, E., Leśkiewicz, M., & Basta-Kaim, A. (2021). The emerging role of the double-edged impact of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids in the neuroinflammatory background of depression. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(2), 278-293. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200807144530.

Taylor, P. (1991). The cholinesterases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 266(7), 4025-4028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(20)64277-6

Wenk, G.L. (2019). Your brain on food: How chemicals control your thoughts and feelings (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-behavioral-neuroscience/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Apr 23, 2026 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.