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Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience

Multiple Choice

Introduction to Behavioral NeuroscienceMultiple Choice

14.1 Basic Principles of Pharmacology

1.
In some situations, it is preferable for medication to be active only during certain times of the day. Which characteristic of the drug would be most useful in preventing unwanted extended effects of the drug?
  1. A drug delivered via transdermal patch
  2. A drug with a short half-life
  3. A drug with a long half-life
  4. A large dose of a drug
2 .
First pass-metabolism occurs with which route of administration?
  1. Inhalation
  2. Intranasal
  3. Intravenous
  4. Oral
3.
Which route of administration results in the fastest onset of action?
  1. Oral
  2. Intranasal
  3. Intravenous
  4. Transdermal
4 .
What type of drug is most likely to cross the blood-brain barrier?
  1. Large molecule
  2. Positively charged molecule
  3. Small molecule
  4. Non-lipid soluble
5.
Which type of receptor is primarily responsible for fast synaptic transmission?
  1. Ionotropic receptor
  2. Metabotropic receptor
  3. G-protein coupled receptor
  4. Kinase receptor
6 .
Which of the following would have the lowest receptor response with increasing dose?
  1. Full agonist
  2. Inverse agonist
  3. Antagonist
  4. Partial agonist
7.
What does the term binding affinity refer to?
  1. The concentration of neurotransmitter in the synapse
  2. The ability of a drug to cross the blood-brain barrier
  3. The rate at which a drug is metabolized in the body
  4. The strength of the interaction between a drug and target receptor
8 .
Which of the following best describes the therapeutic window of a drug?
  1. The range of doses in which a drug is both safe and effective
  2. The time it takes for a drug to completely metabolize in the body
  3. The minimum tolerated dose of a drug
  4. The time it takes for a drug to produce its maximum effect
9.
Which of the following statements about g-protein coupled receptors is false?
  1. When activated they can stimulate intracellular signaling
  2. They are also known as metabotropic receptors
  3. The receptor itself is an ion channel that is activated by the binding of a ligand
  4. The effects of receptor activation are slow-acting

14.2 Psychotherapeutics

10 .
What does the microdialysis technique allow you to measure?
  1. The electrical activity of neurons
  2. The amount of neurotransmitter release
  3. The structural integrity of white matter
  4. The expression of a specific genes
11.
Where in the brain are dopamine-producing neurons located?
  1. Hippocampus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Ventral tegmental area
  4. Nucleus accumbens
12 .
Which theory proposes that dopamine activity encodes the difference between expected rewards and actual outcomes?
  1. Incentive salience theory
  2. Hedonia hypothesis
  3. Reward prediction error hypothesis
  4. Arousal theory
13.
Which of the following is considered a depressant drug?
  1. Ketamine
  2. Alcohol
  3. Cocaine
  4. Cannabis
14 .
Which of the following drugs increase dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens by blocking transporters in the presynaptic membrane?
  1. Cocaine
  2. Alcohol
  3. Opioids
  4. Nicotine

14.3 Neural Circuitry of Drug Reward

15.
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for developing a substance use disorder?
  1. Biological or genetic predispositions
  2. Family history of drug use
  3. Early-life drug use
  4. All of the above
16 .
Which of the following best characterizes drug dependence?
  1. An increase in the effective of a drug after prolonged use
  2. The development of allergic reactions to a drug
  3. A physical or psychological need for a drug accompanied by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation
  4. The occasional use of a drug
17.
Which of the following best characterizes the third wave of the opioid epidemic in the United States?
  1. Increased availability of synthetic opioids (i.e. fentanyl)
  2. Over prescription of OxyContin
  3. Increased availability of heroin
  4. The inclusion of pain as the fifth vital sign
18 .
Which is not a stage in the addiction cycle?
  1. Recovery/remission
  2. Preoccupation/anticipation
  3. Negative affect/withdrawal
  4. Binge/intoxication

14.4 Neurobiology of Addiction

19.
Which of the following is considered a first-line medication for the treatment of depression?
  1. Lithium
  2. Ketamine
  3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  4. Benzodiazepines
20 .
Which of the following statements about the neurotrophic model is true?
  1. It proposes that reduced levels of BDNF in the brain contribute to the development of depression
  2. It proposes that increased levels of neurotrophins contributes to the development of depression
  3. It proposes that depression is primarily caused by chemical imbalances in the brain
  4. It proposes that genetics play a minimal role in depression
21.
What is the primary mechanism of action for benzodiazepines?
  1. Inhibits serotonin reuptake
  2. Blocks NMDA receptors
  3. Increases activation of GABA receptors
  4. Increases activation of dopamine receptors
22 .
Which of the following drugs is not considered a psychedelic?
  1. Psilocybin
  2. Nicotine
  3. LSD
  4. Ketamine
23.
Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?
  1. The unintended negative side effects of a placebo treatment
  2. The process of comparing the effects of an experimental drug to a placebo treatment
  3. The phenomenon in which a person experiences physiological and psychological effects due their belief in the effectiveness of a drug
  4. The tendency for participants to report false symptoms
24 .
Which is not a mechanism by which drugs are known to alter synaptic transmission?
  1. Blocking reuptake mechanisms
  2. Inhibiting enzymes that degrade neurotransmitter
  3. Increasing or decreasing rates of neurotransmitter synthesis
  4. All of the above are known mechanisms
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