Key Terms

14.1 Basic Principles of Pharmacology

pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, therapeutic window, pharmacokinetics, enteral, parenteral, onset of action, oral, first-pass metabolism, intravenous, inhalation, intranasal, transdermal, blood-brain barrier, lipid-solubility, prodrugs, drug-drug interactions, competitive enzyme inhibition, half-life, duration of action, binding site, ligand, binding affinity, ligand-gated ion channels, metabotropic receptors, endogenous ligand, exogenous ligand, dose-response curve, full agonist, partial agonist, constitutive activity, inverse agonist, antagonist, biased agonism, allosteric modulator

14.2 Psychotherapeutics

Psychotherapeutics, benzodiazepines, light-dark choice test, major depressive disorder (MDD), anhedonia, comorbid, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, first-line medications, monoamine hypothesis, neurotrophic model, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, treatment-resistant depression, unpredictable chronic mild stress, placebo, placebo effect, psychosis, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, conventional antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, psychostimulants

14.3 Neural Circuitry of Drug Reward

ventral tegmental area, mesolimbic pathway, mesocortical pathway, mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, nucleus accumbens, microdialysis, prefrontal cortex, hedonia hypothesis, reward prediction error hypothesis, incentive salience theory, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, narcotics, opiate, respiratory depression, naloxone, binge drinking, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, cannabinoid receptor

14.4 Neurobiology of Addiction

substance use disorder, tolerance, withdrawal, chronic relapse, dependence, intravenous self-administration, fixed ratio schedule, progressive ratio schedule, breakpoint, extinction, reinstatement, genome-wide association studies, brain disease model of addiction