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Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience

Multiple Choice

Introduction to Behavioral NeuroscienceMultiple Choice

12.1 What Is Stress?

1.
Hans Selye noticed that physiological responses to different stressors were:
  1. similar.
  2. dissimilar.
  3. unpredictable.
  4. absent.
2 .
Stress responses evolved to:
  1. make you feel bad.
  2. harm your body.
  3. adapt to environmental demands.
  4. make stressors more predictable.
3.
Stress is
  1. bad.
  2. good.
  3. sometimes bad, sometimes good.
  4. not a real thing.
4 .
Stress can be studied:
  1. only in humans.
  2. only in rodents.
  3. in many animal species.
  4. only in the lab.
5.
Chronic stress can negatively affect:
  1. immune function.
  2. cardiovascular health.
  3. memory function.
  4. All of these
6 .
A mouse who had been exposed to social defeat stress would show which of the following behaviors in a forced swim test?
  1. Less movement
  2. More movement
  3. Sinking
  4. None of these

12.2 Neural Mechanisms and Circuitry of the Stress Response

7.
What are the two major systems that mediate most components of the stress response?
  1. Autonomic nervous system and mesolimbic dopaminergic system
  2. Periaqueductal grey and anterior cingulate cortex
  3. Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis and corticolimbic system
  4. Sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
8 .
While walking to class one day, you encounter a squirrel in your path. You stare at the squirrel. It stares back. You walk forward one step. So does the squirrel. You step right, to go around the squirrel. It steps right also, blocking your path. Suddenly, the squirrel charges, a 2 pound blur of fur, teeth and claws. You scream and run away faster than you have ever run before. What part of your nervous system is most active to support your rapid flee for safety (i.e. your initial, rapid response to this stressor)?
  1. Your parasympathetic nervous system
  2. Your sympathetic nervous system
  3. Your hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
  4. Your mesolimbic dopaminergic system
9.
Which of the following are sites for negative feedback in the HPA?
  1. Hippocampus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Pituitary
  4. All of these
10 .
Negative feedback helps to
  1. amplify the stress response.
  2. turn off the stress response.
  3. bring GRs to response elements.
  4. dimerize glucocorticoid receptors.
11.
How does stress impact memory functions mediated by the hippocampus?
  1. Stress improves memory
  2. Stress impairs memory
  3. Stress can improve or impair memory
  4. Stress does not affect memory
12 .
The adult hippocampus is somewhat unique in its ability to generate new neurons in adulthood. How is this process affected by stress?
  1. Stress increases neurogenesis
  2. Stress decreases neurogenesis
  3. Stress can increase or decrease neurogenesis
  4. Stress does not affect neurogenesis

12.3 Interindividual Variability and Resilience in Response to Stress

13.
Which of the following can affect how an individual responds to stress?
  1. Genetics
  2. Previous stress experiences
  3. Sex
  4. All of these
14 .
How different individuals respond to the same stressor:
  1. can be highly variable.
  2. is pretty similar person to person.
  3. cannot be measured in any meaningful way.
  4. relies mostly on their genetics.
15.
The shared experience of trauma at a community level is called:
  1. biological inheritance.
  2. social inheritance.
  3. ecological inheritance.
  4. All of these
16 .
Transgenerational transmission of stress effects:
  1. happens only via changes in parental care of offspring.
  2. can be observed in worms.
  3. only happens in humans with language and cultural transmission mechanisms.
  4. None of these
17.
In a controllable stress paradigm, which group shows the most negative consequences of shock exposure?
  1. The escapable stress group
  2. The inescapable stress group
  3. The no stress control
  4. None of these
18 .
Which of the following can reduce the negative effects of a stressor?
  1. Reappraisal
  2. Social buffering
  3. Controllability of the stressor
  4. All of these
19.
The point of eustress on the stress inverted-U curve is:
  1. different for different people.
  2. the same throughout any one individual’s life.
  3. the same for all individuals.
  4. the same for different types of stress within any one individual.
20 .
Which of these are strategies with evidence to support that they can help people optimize their stress response?
  1. Reappraisal of a stressor as a challenge
  2. Exercise
  3. Meditation
  4. All of these

12.4 Clinical Implications of Stress

21.
Which type of stress is key to developing allostatic overload?
  1. Psychological
  2. Physical
  3. Acute
  4. Chronic
22 .
Allostatic overload is:
  1. bad.
  2. good.
  3. sometimes bad, sometimes good.
  4. not a real thing.
23.
PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that:
  1. is guaranteed to happen after a traumatic event.
  2. is more prevalent in men than women.
  3. is characterized by prolonging of the typical acute response to trauma.
  4. is characterized by lower resting cortisol levels.
24 .
Which cells are the major mediators of immune responses in the brain?
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Neurons
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